Telescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Telescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018"

Transcription

1 Telescopes Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018

2 Telescopes gather light and resolve detail A telescope is sometimes called a light bucket. Number of photons collected per second is proportional to the area of the lens/mirror: Area = p/4 x D 2 where D = diameter of the lens/mirror.

3 Two types of telescopes: refractor vs. reflector Galileo s telescope Newton s telescope

4 Refracting telescopes A convex lens (thicker in the middle) focuses light to a point: Light from a large area is funnelled into a small area.

5 Refracting telescopes Galilean telescope design

6 The world s largest refracting telescope Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin 1 meter diameter Completed 1897

7 Today, the world s biggest telescopes are reflectors (mirrors), not refractors (lenses) The problem with lenses: 1) Lenses absorb light. 2) Lenses sag. 3) Lenses have chromatic aberration: colors do not focus at same point.

8

9 Reflecting telescopes Newtonian telescope, 1668

10 Reflecting telescopes A mirror shaped like a parabola focuses light to a point: Light from a large area is funnelled into a small area. Both lenses and mirrors (if shaped correctly) can produce an accurate image of an object.

11 Focal points and focal lengths Sign of convention for R (radii of curvature) in In case (a), R1 > 0, R2 > 0 and in case (b), R1 < 0, R2 < 0

12 Focal points and focal lengths Two kinds of mirrors: (a) a converging mirror, f > 0, (b) a diverging mirror, f < 0.

13 Cassegrain telescope design Concave (parabolic) primary, convex (hyperbolic) secondary Secondary Primary Focus

14 Gregorian telescope design Concave (parabolic) primary, concave (ellipsoidal) secondary Secondary Primary Focus

15 Focal points and focal lengths Focal Plane (out of the page) Focal Plane: a plane passing through the focal point and oriented perpendicular to the optical axis of the system.

16 Focal points and focal lengths Focal Plane (out of the page) Plate scale: relates the angular separation of the objects with linear separation of their images at the focal plane. As the focal plane is increased, the linear separation of the images of two point sources separated by an angle θ also increases.

17 Focal points and focal lengths Focal Plane (out of the page) For two point sources separated by a distance θ, simple geometry gives their distance on the focal plane as: y = f tan( θ ), or y fθ where the approximation is valid if the field of view of the telescope is small. The Plate Scale is:

18 Resolution Resolution: Our ability to see two objects separated by an angle θ. For two light rays traveling to the focal plane, if they are separated by one-half wavelength (λ/2) destructive interference occurs: In general, interference occurs from light passing through an aperture if the following is met: Where constructive interference occurs for integer m values and destructive interference for m+1/2 values Dark fringes occur when m=integers+1/2

19 Resolution Circular apertures act the same way, but involve more complicated math to compute locations of peaks. The intensity and locations of the minima and maxima are given by: Ring m I / I0 central max st minimum nd max nd min rd max rd min 3.24 This gives a minimum resolution to resolve two point sources:

20 Resolution (a) sources are resolved (b) sources are barely resolved (c) sources are unresolved Rayleigh criterion is the minimum angular separation to resolve two point sources, given (for small angle approximation) at the location of the first minimum, where m = 1.22 for circular apertures: This is the Diffraction Limit where λ is the wavelength of light, and D is the diameter of the telescope mirror

21 Resolution 10 o 1 o 10 1

22 Where are the big telescopes?

23 Light pollution

24 Astronomical seeing Seeing refers to how the earth s atmosphere distorts incoming light Seeing is caused by turbulence in the atmosphere, which blurs light.

25 Astronomical seeing Good Unfortunately, sites in the world Earth s normally atmosphere achieve usually seeing sets ~1. the limit to how refined we can make the resolution. This is set by Turbulence in the atmosphere, which blurs light. We call this At the Seeing. best sites in the world, like Mauna Kea in Hawaii or the mountains in Northern Chile, the median seeing is ~ Good sites in the world normally achieve seeing ~1. The Hubble Space Telescope, which is above most of the atmosphere, achieves the diffraction At the best limit. sites It in has the a world, D=2.4 like m primary Mauna Kea mirror. in Hawaii At a wavelength or the mountains of 1 micron in Northern (10-6 m) HST Chile, achieves the median a diffraction seeing is limit ~ of: The Hubble Space Telescope, which is above most of the atmosphere, achieves the diffraction limit. It has a D=2.4 m primary mirror. At a wavelength of 1 micron (10-6 m) HST achieves a diffraction limit of: which is 5-10x better than what is achievable on Earth.

26 Adaptive optics AO can correct problems caused by seeing by compensating for the distortions caused by the atmosphere with deformable mirrors

27 Adaptive optics

28 Atmospheric transmission

29 Where are the big telescopes?

30 Near- to Mid-Infrared telescopes Gemini telescope Mauna Kea, Hawaii and Cerro Pachon, Chile IRTF telescope Mauna Kea, Hawaii

31 Submillimeter telescopes Need to be at high altitude (ALMA array, Chilean Atacama desert,16000 ft) Or else really cold (Viper telescope, South Pole)

32 Radio telescopes Wavelengths of a centimeter to about 10 meters. Increase resolution by using many radio telescopes spread over a large area

33 Space telescopes Space telescopes are above Earth s atmosphere: not limited by atmospheric transmission, seeing, weather, light pollution BUT: they re more expensive, and if they break are difficult to fix!

Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes. Dr. Vithal Tilvi

Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes. Dr. Vithal Tilvi Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes Dr. Vithal Tilvi Telescopes and Instruments Astronomers use telescopes to gather light from distant objects and instruments to record the data Telescopes gather light

More information

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,

More information

Telescopes. Telescopes Key Concepts. glass

Telescopes. Telescopes Key Concepts. glass Telescopes Telescopes Key Concepts 1) A refracting telescope uses a lens to gather light; a reflecting telescope uses a mirror. ) The main purposes of a telescope are to gather light and resolve fine detail.

More information

Astronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes

Astronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Astronomical Tools Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Laws of Refraction and Reflection Law of Refraction n 1 sin θ 1

More information

Light and Telescopes

Light and Telescopes Light and Telescopes The key thing to note is that light and matter interact. This can happen in four principal ways: 1) emission a hot object such as the filament in a light bulb emits visible light 2)

More information

Optics and Telescope. Chapter Six

Optics and Telescope. Chapter Six Optics and Telescope Chapter Six ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 06 Oct. 09, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap.

More information

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How do eyes and cameras work? The Eye Refraction Incoming light ray Air Glass Refraction is the bending

More information

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery Telescopes Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How do eyes

More information

Why Use a Telescope?

Why Use a Telescope? 1 Why Use a Telescope? All astronomical objects are distant so a telescope is needed to Gather light -- telescopes sometimes referred to as light buckets Resolve detail Magnify an image (least important

More information

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Telescopes Portals of Discovery 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Telescopes Portals of Discovery CofC Observatory 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals

More information

Telescopes. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. Key Ideas:

Telescopes. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. Key Ideas: Telescopes A Warm Up Exercise If we measure the wavelengths of emission lines and absorption lines from the same gas, we find that (ignoring any Doppler shifts) a) Some emission lines shift to the red

More information

A Question. Simple Magnifier. Magnification by a Lens 11/29/2011. The last lecture

A Question. Simple Magnifier. Magnification by a Lens 11/29/2011. The last lecture The last lecture Exam: Final: Consult the website, especially room assignments. Makeup: Register with me today. Tea and Cookies: Tuesdays 5PM, NPB 2175 A Question Unpolarized light of intensity I goes

More information

Telescopes and Optical Systems

Telescopes and Optical Systems Telescopes and Optical Systems Goals of a telescope: To collect as much light as possible To bring the light to as sharp a focus as possible Numbers to keep in mind: ~ 206,265 arcsec in a radian 1.22 =

More information

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. Agenda. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. Agenda. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Agenda Announce: Read S2 for Thursday Ch. 6 Telescopes 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How does your eye form an image? Our goals for learning How

More information

AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Telescopes Mauna Kea Observatories, Big Island, HI Imaging with our Eyes pupil allows light to enter the eye lens focuses light to create an image retina detects

More information

7. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison Wesley

7. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison Wesley 7. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Parts of the Human Eye pupil allows light to enter the eye lens focuses light to create an image retina detects the light and generates signals which are sent to the

More information

Optical Instruments. Chapter 25. Simple Magnifier. Clicker 1. The Size of a Magnified Image. Angular Magnification 4/12/2011

Optical Instruments. Chapter 25. Simple Magnifier. Clicker 1. The Size of a Magnified Image. Angular Magnification 4/12/2011 Optical Instruments Chapter 25 Optical Instruments Analysis generally involves the laws of reflection and refraction Analysis uses the procedures of geometric optics To explain certain phenomena, the wave

More information

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one substance into another. Your eye uses refraction to focus light.

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one substance into another. Your eye uses refraction to focus light. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How do eyes and cameras work? Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery The Eye

More information

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Telescopes Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tools of the Trade: Telescopes The Powers of a Telescope Collecting Power Bigger telescope,

More information

Optics and Telescopes

Optics and Telescopes Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote

More information

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How does your eye form an image? How do we record images? How does your eye form an image?

More information

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Telescopes: Portals of Discovery How do light and matter interact? Emission Absorption Transmission Transparent objects transmit light Opaque objects block (absorb) light Reflection or Scattering Reflection

More information

Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes

Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In the early chapters of this book, you looked at the sky the way ancient astronomers did, with the unaided eye. In chapter 4, you got a glimpse through Galileo

More information

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Telescopes Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Why do we need Telescopes? Large collection area for photons than the eye long integration

More information

Tools of Astronomy: Telescopes

Tools of Astronomy: Telescopes Tools of Astronomy: Telescopes Lecture 9 1 Refracting Telescopes Large lens to gather and focus light. Incoming Light Objective Lens Focus Eyepiece 2 Problems w/ Refracting Tel s Must make a large piece

More information

Astronomy is remote sensing

Astronomy is remote sensing Astronomy is remote sensing We cannot repeat (or change) the Universe in a controlled environment. We cannot make planets, stars, or galaxies. We cannot make the vacuum of space, nor the shape of spacetime

More information

Telescopes and estimating the distances to astronomical objects

Telescopes and estimating the distances to astronomical objects Telescopes and estimating the distances to astronomical objects Why do we use telescopes? 1. Light-collecting area: A telescope is a light bucket Q: How much more light can a telescope with a diameter

More information

Chapter 3 Telescopes 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 3.1 Optical Telescopes. 3.1 Optical Telescopes. Units of Chapter Optical Telescopes

Chapter 3 Telescopes 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 3.1 Optical Telescopes. 3.1 Optical Telescopes. Units of Chapter Optical Telescopes Lecture Outline Chapter 3 Telescopes Images can be formed through reflection or refraction. Reflecting mirror Chapter 3 Telescopes Refracting lens Units of Chapter 3 Optical Telescopes Telescope Size High-Resolution

More information

ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies!AST CLASS Learning from light: temperature (from continuum spectrum) chemical composition (from spectral lines) velocity (from Doppler shift) "ODA# Detecting

More information

Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection

Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes 1 Astronomy : observational science only input is the light received different telescopes, different wavelengths of light lab experiments with spectroscopy,

More information

Magnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point

Magnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point Magnifying Glass Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1 relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point image at 25 cm (= normal near point) For more magnification, first use a lens to form an enlarged

More information

Phys102 Lecture Diffraction of Light

Phys102 Lecture Diffraction of Light Phys102 Lecture 31-33 Diffraction of Light Key Points Diffraction by a Single Slit Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment Limits of Resolution Diffraction Grating and Spectroscopy Polarization References

More information

Final Announcements. Lecture25 Telescopes. The Bending of Light. Parts of the Human Eye. Reading: Chapter 7. Turn in the homework#6 NOW.

Final Announcements. Lecture25 Telescopes. The Bending of Light. Parts of the Human Eye. Reading: Chapter 7. Turn in the homework#6 NOW. Final Announcements Turn in the homework#6 NOW. Homework#5 and Quiz#6 will be returned today. Today is the last lecture. Lecture25 Telescopes Reading: Chapter 7 Final exam on Thursday Be sure to clear

More information

Measuring Light waves

Measuring Light waves Measuring Light waves We normally measure wavelengths (λ) using nanometers (nm) 1 nm = 10-9 m 400-700 nm Increasing wavelengths (λ)! Visible light has wavelengths between 400-700 nm! To detect other types

More information

On to Telescopes. Imaging with our Eyes. Telescopes and cameras work much like our eyes. ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies !

On to Telescopes. Imaging with our Eyes. Telescopes and cameras work much like our eyes. ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies ! ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies On to Telescopes!AST CLASS Learning from light: temperature (from continuum spectrum) chemical composition (from spectral lines) velocity (from Doppler shift)

More information

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO David Buckley, SAAO 27 Feb 2012 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related

More information

Lecture Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1

Lecture Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Lecture 13+14 Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Important Concepts for Understanding Spectra Electromagnetic Spectrum Continuous Spectrum Absorption Spectrum Emission Spectrum Emission line Wavelength, Frequency

More information

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 11/16/2014. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 11/16/2014. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image

More information

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 5. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 5. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 5 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 5 Telescopes Units of Chapter 5 5.1 Optical Telescopes 5.2 Telescope Size 5.3 Images and Detectors 5.4 High-Resolution Astronomy

More information

Fig. 2 The image will be in focus everywhere. It's size changes based on the position of the focal plane.

Fig. 2 The image will be in focus everywhere. It's size changes based on the position of the focal plane. Instruments 1. Basic Optics 1. Rays of Light 2. Waves of light 3. Basic Imaging Systems 4. A Basic Telescope 5. Aberrations 6. Mirrors 2. Some Real Instruments 1. Galileo's Telescope 2. Keplerian Optics

More information

What are the most important properties of a telescope? Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. What are the two basic designs of telescopes?

What are the most important properties of a telescope? Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. What are the two basic designs of telescopes? Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery What are the most important properties of a telescope? 1. Light-collecting area: Telescopes with a larger collecting area can gather a greater amount of light

More information

Wave Interference and Diffraction Part 3: Telescopes and Interferometry

Wave Interference and Diffraction Part 3: Telescopes and Interferometry Wave Interference and Diffraction Part 3: Telescopes and Interferometry Paul Avery University of Florida http://www.phys.ufl.edu/~avery/ avery@phys.ufl.edu PHY 2049 Physics 2 with Calculus PHY 2049: Chapter

More information

It will cover material up to, but not including, Will consist of a few short-answers, 1-2 short essay, and a few problems + extra credit.

It will cover material up to, but not including, Will consist of a few short-answers, 1-2 short essay, and a few problems + extra credit. Astronomy 210 Section 1 MWF 1500-1550 134 Astronomy Building This Class (Lecture 13): Thermal Radiation Next Class: Exam #1 on Friday! Thursday Review Session Hour Exam #1 Music: The Space Race is Over

More information

Properties of Thermal Radiation

Properties of Thermal Radiation Observing the Universe: Telescopes Astronomy 2020 Lecture 6 Prof. Tom Megeath Today s Lecture: 1. A little more on blackbodies 2. Light, vision, and basic optics 3. Telescopes Properties of Thermal Radiation

More information

Collecting Light. In a dark-adapted eye, the iris is fully open and the pupil has a diameter of about 7 mm. pupil

Collecting Light. In a dark-adapted eye, the iris is fully open and the pupil has a diameter of about 7 mm. pupil Telescopes Collecting Light The simplest means of observing the Universe is the eye. The human eye is sensitive to light with a wavelength of about 400 and 700 nanometers. In a dark-adapted eye, the iris

More information

Telescopes. Lecture 7 2/7/2018

Telescopes. Lecture 7 2/7/2018 Telescopes Lecture 7 2/7/2018 Tools to measure electromagnetic radiation Three essentials for making a measurement: A device to collect the radiation A method of sorting the radiation A device to detect

More information

Assignments. For Mon. 1 st Midterm is Friday, Oct. 12. Read Ch. 6 Optionally do MT1-sample-problems

Assignments. For Mon. 1 st Midterm is Friday, Oct. 12. Read Ch. 6 Optionally do MT1-sample-problems Assignments For Mon. Read Ch. 6 Optionally do MT1-sample-problems 1 st Midterm is Friday, Oct. 12 Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger Thermal Radiation 1. Hotter objects emit photons with a higher average

More information

1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the. 2. To double the resolving power of a telescope, you must.

1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the. 2. To double the resolving power of a telescope, you must. Chapter 5 Telescopes Multiple Choice Questions 1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the same resolution as a much larger telescope. A. Satellite telescopes B. Charge-coupled

More information

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Telescopes Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Learning Objectives Upon completing this chapter you should be able to: 1. Classify the

More information

Focus Question: How do astronomers study light?

Focus Question: How do astronomers study light? Telescopes Focus Question: How do astronomers study light? Telescopes Tools for collecting and analyzing electromagnetic radiation (light) in ways beyond what we can do with our eyes alone Properties of

More information

Earth based radio telescopes

Earth based radio telescopes I am telescope. My purpose is to collect as much light as possible from some distant source and deliver it to a detector/observer for detailed study. Different Telescopes opaque opaque Space based telescopes

More information

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5 Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the wavelength of the longest wavelength light visible to the human eye? a. 400 nm b. 4000 nm c. 7000 nm

More information

III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS:

III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: A. Since light is so important to astronomers, they want to collect as much of it as possible from a given object, and quantitatively study it in great detail. 1. Astronomers use

More information

ASTR 2310: Chapter 6

ASTR 2310: Chapter 6 ASTR 231: Chapter 6 Astronomical Detection of Light The Telescope as a Camera Refraction and Reflection Telescopes Quality of Images Astronomical Instruments and Detectors Observations and Photon Counting

More information

Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds. Chapter 6. Light and Telescopes

Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds. Chapter 6. Light and Telescopes Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the techniques astronomers use to study the Universe What is light? How do telescopes work?

More information

Chapter 5 Telescopes

Chapter 5 Telescopes Chapter 5 Telescopes Units of Chapter 5 Telescope Design Images and Detectors The Hubble Space Telescope Telescope Size High-Resolution Astronomy Radio Astronomy Interferometry Space-Based Astronomy Full-Spectrum

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram shows the concave mirror of a Cassegrain reflecting telescope, together with the eyepiece lens. Complete the diagram of the telescope and mark on it the focal

More information

Talk about. Optical Telescopes and Instrumentation. by Christian Clemens

Talk about. Optical Telescopes and Instrumentation. by Christian Clemens Talk about Optical Telescopes and Instrumentation by Christian Clemens Overview powers of telescopes lens refractors, mirror reflectors interferometry, spectroscopy, optical systems modern observatories

More information

Optical Telescopes. Telescopes. Refracting/Reflecting Telescopes. Physics 113 Goderya

Optical Telescopes. Telescopes. Refracting/Reflecting Telescopes. Physics 113 Goderya Telescopes Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 6 Learning Outcomes: Optical Telescopes Astronomers use telescopes to gather more light from astronomical objects. The larger the telescope, the more light it

More information

How Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus

How Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote

More information

Agenda Announce: Visions of Science Visions of Science Winner

Agenda Announce: Visions of Science  Visions of Science Winner 7. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery All of this has been discovered and observed these last days thanks to the telescope that I have [built], after having been enlightened by divine grace. Galileo Galilei

More information

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO David Buckley, SAAO 17 Feb 2010 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related

More information

Coursework Booklet 2

Coursework Booklet 2 Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 16: Astronomy and Space Science PHYSICS SECTION Coursework Booklet 2 1 P a g e Astronomy and space science Learning aim B Undertake measurement and observation of astronomical

More information

Light Pollution. Atmospheric Seeing. Seeing Through the Atmosphere. Atmospheric Absorption of Light

Light Pollution. Atmospheric Seeing. Seeing Through the Atmosphere. Atmospheric Absorption of Light Lec 8: 2 FEB 2012 ASTR 130 - Introductory Astronomy II (Chapter 6) LAST TIME - Optics and Telescopes Basic Functions of a Telescope Reflecting v. Refracting Affects of the Atmosphere TODAY Modern Astronomical

More information

Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy

Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy Very Large Array (VLA), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Socorro, New Mexico (Radio telescope: 27 antennas, Y configuration, 25 meters diameter each)

More information

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Craig Lage New York University - Department of Physics craig.lage@nyu.edu April 1, 2014 1 / 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

More information

Telescopes. Optical Telescope Design. Reflecting Telescope

Telescopes. Optical Telescope Design. Reflecting Telescope Telescopes The science of astronomy was revolutionized after the invention of the telescope in the early 17th century Telescopes and detectors have been constantly improved over time in order to look at

More information

Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy

Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy Chapter 3 Telescopes The tools of Astronomy Very Large Array (VLA), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Socorro, New Mexico (Radio telescope: 27 antennas, Y configuration, 25 meters diameter each)

More information

The Treptow Giant Telescope in Berlin is the longest moveable refracting telescope on Earth. Some of its properties are summarised below:

The Treptow Giant Telescope in Berlin is the longest moveable refracting telescope on Earth. Some of its properties are summarised below: Q1.(a) Draw a ray diagram for an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. Your diagram should show the paths of three non-axial rays passing through both lenses. Label the principal foci

More information

Light and Telescopes

Light and Telescopes Light and Telescopes Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we

More information

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes Lecture 4: Telescopes Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes http://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/2003spring/ast312/ This is the class web page. Be

More information

Astronomical Instruments

Astronomical Instruments Astronomical Instruments 1 Human Eye iris Until 17 th century all astronomical studies limited to naked eye observations. Equipment used were mainly to measure positions of celestial objects in the sky.

More information

9/19/ Basic Properties of Light and Matter. Chapter 5: Light: The Cosmic Messenger. What is light? Lecture Outline

9/19/ Basic Properties of Light and Matter. Chapter 5: Light: The Cosmic Messenger. What is light? Lecture Outline Lecture Outline 5.1 Basic Properties of Light and Matter Chapter 5: Light: The Cosmic Messenger Our goals for learning: What is light? What is matter? How do light and matter interact? What is light? Light

More information

Universe Now. 2. Astronomical observations

Universe Now. 2. Astronomical observations Universe Now 2. Astronomical observations 2. Introduction to observations Astronomical observations are made in all wavelengths of light. Absorption and emission can reveal different things on different

More information

Topics for Today. Clicker Q: Radio Waves. Radios. Discussion of how do ROTATING STARS yield Doppler-broadened spectral emission lines

Topics for Today. Clicker Q: Radio Waves. Radios. Discussion of how do ROTATING STARS yield Doppler-broadened spectral emission lines ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies Topics for Today Basic principles of eyes, camera, telescopes Twinkle and absorption by our atmosphere What light gets through, what does not Next lecture: Telescopes

More information

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Dr. Tariq Al-Abdullah

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Dr. Tariq Al-Abdullah Chapter 5 Telescopes The Tools of Astronomy Dr. Tariq Al-Abdullah Learning Goals: 5.1 Optical Telescopes (The Hubble Space Telescope) 5.2 Telescope Size 5.3 Images and Detectors 5.4 High-Resolution Astronomy

More information

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use

More information

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 One person s perspective: Three great events stand at the threshold of the modern age and determine its character: 1) the discovery of America; 2) the Reformation; 3) the invention

More information

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Previous Topics.

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Previous Topics. Lecture 4: Telescopes Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes http://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/2003spring/ast312/ This is the class web page. Be

More information

How do they work? Chapter 5

How do they work? Chapter 5 Telescopes How do they work? Chapter 5 1. History 2. Lenses & Hardware 3. Reflecting Telescopes 4. Refracting Telescopes History Hans Lippershey Middleburg, Holland invented the refractor telescope in

More information

Astronomy 114. Lecture 26: Telescopes. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department

Astronomy 114. Lecture 26: Telescopes. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department Astronomy 114 Lecture 26: Telescopes Martin D. Weinberg weinberg@astro.umass.edu UMass/Astronomy Department A114: Lecture 26 17 Apr 2007 Read: Ch. 6,26 Astronomy 114 1/17 Announcements Quiz #2: we re aiming

More information

Optical Instruments. Optical Instruments 1. Physics 123, Fall 2012

Optical Instruments. Optical Instruments 1. Physics 123, Fall 2012 Optical Instruments 1 Physics 123, Fall 2012 Name Optical Instruments I. Magnifier The lens in the human eye adjusts its shape to change the focal length, so that objects at a variety of distances can

More information

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. A blackbody emits all of its radiation

More information

Observing the Universe. Optical Instruments

Observing the Universe. Optical Instruments Observing the Universe Optical Instruments Our Eye The fovea has a high concentration of cones sensitive to colour. Other parts of the retina have more rods these are not sensitive to colour, but have

More information

Buy-back points tallied and added: 750 points bought-back. Last Withdrawal date: this friday, Oct 31st.

Buy-back points tallied and added: 750 points bought-back. Last Withdrawal date: this friday, Oct 31st. Announcements HW #3: Available online now. Due in 1 week, Nov 3rd, 11pm. Buy-back points tallied and added: 750 points bought-back. Last Withdrawal date: this friday, Oct 31st. Evening Observing: next

More information

What do we do with the image?

What do we do with the image? Astro 150 Spring 2018: Lecture 7 page 1 Reading: Chapter 6, Sect. 6.4; Chapter 14 + assignment posted on Astro 150 website Homework: questions on special reading - answers due in lecture Thursday Exam

More information

CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE

CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 How does a telescope collect and magnify light? We describe the shape of a telescope by its f/#, roughly speaking the ratio of

More information

Doppler Shifts. Doppler Shift Lecture-Tutorial: Pgs Temperature or Heat? What can we learn from light? Temp: Peak in Thermal Radiation

Doppler Shifts. Doppler Shift Lecture-Tutorial: Pgs Temperature or Heat? What can we learn from light? Temp: Peak in Thermal Radiation Doppler Shift Lecture-Tutorial: Pgs. 75-80 Work with a partner or two Read directions and answer all questions carefully. Take time to understand it now! Come to a consensus answer you all agree on before

More information

How does your eye form an Refraction

How does your eye form an Refraction Astronomical Instruments Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How does your eye form an image? How do we record images? How does your eye form an image? Refraction Refraction is the bending of light

More information

Telescopes... Light Buckets

Telescopes... Light Buckets Telescopes... Light Buckets Now that we have an understanding of what light is and why it s important to astronomy, what tools are required to study light from distant objects? The telescope is the tool

More information

Light and Telescope 10/20/2017. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Guideposts (cont d.) Guidepost. Outline (continued) Outline.

Light and Telescope 10/20/2017. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Guideposts (cont d.) Guidepost. Outline (continued) Outline. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the techniques astronomers use to study the Universe What is light? How do telescopes work?

More information

Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral

Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral students Course webpage: Course webpage: http://electronics.physics.helsinki.fi/teaching/optics-2016-2/ Personal information

More information

The Main Point. Familiar Optics. Some Basics. Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments. Astronomical Instruments:

The Main Point. Familiar Optics. Some Basics. Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments. Astronomical Instruments: Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments Astronomical Instruments: Optics: Lenses and Mirrors. Detectors. Ground Based Telescopes: Optical, Infrared, and Radio. Space Based Telescopes. Spacecraft Missions.

More information

Today. Doppler Effect & Motion. Telescopes

Today. Doppler Effect & Motion. Telescopes Today Doppler Effect & Motion Telescopes The Doppler Effect Doppler ball 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Doppler Effect for Light Motion away -> redshift Motion towards

More information

The well-composed image was recorded over a period of nearly 2 hours as a series of 30 second long, consecutive exposures on the night of October 5.

The well-composed image was recorded over a period of nearly 2 hours as a series of 30 second long, consecutive exposures on the night of October 5. Happy Thursday! The well-composed image was recorded over a period of nearly 2 hours as a series of 30 second long, consecutive exposures on the night of October 5. The exposures were made with a digital

More information

Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger 5.1 Basic Properties of Light and Matter Our goals for learning: What is light? What is matter? How do light and matter interact? What is light? Light is an electromagnetic

More information

Learning aim B: Astronomical measurements and observations

Learning aim B: Astronomical measurements and observations Learning aim B: Astronomical measurements and observations Types of telescopes There are 2 different types of telescopes, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: Reflecting telescopes Refracting

More information

Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics. Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors

Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics. Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors Basic Optical Elements Refraction (Lenses) No longer used for large telescopes Widely used for instrument optics Reflection (mirrors) Widely

More information

Lecture Outline: Chapter 5: Telescopes

Lecture Outline: Chapter 5: Telescopes Lecture Outline: Chapter 5: Telescopes You don t have to know the different types of optical reflecting and refracting telescopes. It is important to understand the difference between imaging, photometry,

More information