So, whether or not something is moving depends on your frame of reference.
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1 When an object changes position relative to a reference point. (Frame of reference) Not from where she s sitting, but from space, the earth rotates and the wall with it. So, whether or not something is moving depends on your frame of reference. Is the brick wall moving?
2 -Your frame of reference affects the motion you perceive. Frame of reference - a fixed point used to determine magnitude and direction of motion Top Secret Train Station Gag - YouTube For example, if you are sitting on a train and someone walks down the aisle, their speed with respect to the train is a few miles per hour, at most. Their speed with respect to the ground is much higher.
3 SCALAR quantities which are fully described by a magnitude alone. A measurement WITHOUT direction Examples: time, temp, mass, speed VECTOR are quantities which are fully described by both a magnitude and a direction. Oh Yeah Measurement that has both MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION Examples: velocity, displacement MAGNITUDE A measurement or number
4 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT Displacement (x or y) "Change in position" It is not necessarily the total distance traveled. In fact, displacement and distance are entirely different concepts. Displacement is relative to an axis. o"x" displacement means you are moving horizontally either right or left. o"y" displacement means you are moving vertically either up or down. othe word change is expressed using the Greek letter DELTA ( Δ ). oto find the change you ALWAYS subtract your FINAL - INITIAL position oit is therefore expressed as either Δx = x f - x i or Δy = y f - y i Distance - How far you travel regardless of direction.
5 HOTEL dinner
6 Suppose a person moves in a straight line from the lockers (at a position x = 1.0 m) towards my room (at a position x = 9.0 m), as shown below The answer is positive so the person must have been traveling horizontally to the right.
7 Suppose the person turns around! The answer is negative so the person must have been traveling horizontally to the left What is the DISPLACEMENT for the entire trip? x x f i nal xi ni t i al m What is the total DISTANCE for the entire trip? m
8 Mall NORTH Movies Example A 1.75 km 1. You drive from home to the mall. Gas 2.0 km 2. You drive from home and stop at the gas station. You realize you left your wallet at home. You go back home to get it. You stop at gas station then continue on to the mall. 1.5 km 3. You drive from the mall to the gas station. Home 1 km 4. You drive from home to grandma s house. Grandma s House What if you went to the movies?
9 1. Home-mall Dist = 3.5 km Disp =3.5 km N 2. Home-gas-home-gas-mall Dist = 6.5 km Disp =3.5 km N 3. Mall-gas Dist = 2.0 km Disp =1.5 km -3.5 km =-2km (you are going south) Assuming mall is reference point 4. Home-grandma s Dist = 1.0 km Disp =-1.0 km -0 km =-1 km (you are going south)
10 Example B: A man in a car travels east along a straight road for 54 km, then realizes he is almost out of gas, and turns around and goes 14 km back west to the nearest gas station. He then drives another 50 km east to his destination. What is the man s displacement? 1 st : 0m 54 km? 54km 40 km 90km Total displacement is 90 km E Total distance traveled is = 118 km
11 Example C: Jose Altuve leaves the batter s box, overruns first base by 3.0 m and then returns to first base. Compared to the total distance traveled by Altuve, the magnitude of his total displacement from the batter box is smaller / larger/ the same? He traveled 30 m past 1st base and then 30 m back to 1st meaning his total distance traveled was 60 m more than his displacement. 1 st
12 Example D: Travis needs his physics notes. He walks from his house 8 yards due east towards Shannon s house to borrow her notes. At this point Travis realizes he left his phone at home and runs back to get it. After picking up his phone he continues the 14 yards east to Shannon s house. What was the distance and displacement? Distance = 8yds + 8yds + 14 yds = 30 yds Displacement = + 8yds + - 8yds yds = + 14 yds or 14 yds East
13 20 m Started at 2 m NE and ended at 10 m NE so the final displacement is 10 m NE
14 Speed and Velocity Velocity is defined as: The RATE at which DISPLACEMENT changes. Rate = ANY quantity divided by TIME. Average SPEED is simply the RATE at which DISTANCE changes. s d t
15 Example E A quarterback throws a pass to a defender on the other team who intercepts the football. Assume the defender had to run 50 m away from the quarterback to catch the ball, then 15m towards the quarterback before he is tackled. The entire play took 8 seconds. Let's look at the defender's average velocity: x 35m 0m v 4.38 m/ s t 8s 0s Let's look at the defender's speed: s d 65m m s t 8s / m/s is the derived unit for both speed and velocity.
16 Pictures were taken every second of a set of spheres moving from left to right. The diagram below shows the location of the sphere when each photograph was taken. The total time intervals shown vary among the spheres. All displacements are in meters. Rank these sphere on the basis of the greatest average velocity over the first three seconds. Give the highest rank to the sphere with the greatest average velocity and the lowest rank to the sphere with the least average velocity.
17 The car below is traveling at a constant speed of 100 mph. Is the car s velocity the same?
18 Defining the important variables Kinematics is a way of describing the motion of objects without describing the causes. You can describe an object s motion: In words Mathematically Pictorially Graphically No matter HOW we describe the motion, there are several KEY VARIABLES that we use. Symbol Variable Units t Time s a Acceleration m/s/s x or y Displacement m v o Initial velocity m/s v Final velocity m/s g or a g Acceleration due to gravity m/s/s
19 Tutorial Links Tutorial for help with velocity and speed Tutorial for help on distance vs. displacement
20 Summary: Velocity vs. Speed Speed is a scalar quantity. It is how fast you are traveling. When you look at the speedometer on your car, it tells you the speed you are traveling at that moment. Velocity is a vector quantity. It is how fast you are going and in what direction. If you are traveling to Dallas, you may be traveling at 70 mi/hr, North.
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