Nuclear physics and Particle Physics in China. Dr. P.W. JI & H.H.Li Deputy Director of Math.& Phys. Science, NSFC

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1 Nuclear physics and Particle Physics in China Dr. P.W. JI & H.H.Li Deputy Director of Math.& Phys. Science, NSFC

2 {One} General information

3 Situation for research funding NSFC, for basic research of all institutions MOST, for large scale basic research CAS, for part of the research funding of CAS institutes, with remaining by other funding agencies MOE, for that of universities Ministry of development and reform, support construction cost of large facilities of basic research Ministry of finance, support the operation budget of facilities International collaboration, can be supported by NSFC and MOST

4 NSFC Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics Program NSFC has national stewardship responsibility for fundamental nuclear physics and particle physics o Provides ~60% of research budgets of national funding o Supports researchers and students at universities and national institutes NSFC Program Systems: o Research Programs o Talent Programs o Environment Construction Programs

5 Research Programs General Project Key Project Major Project Joint Funding International Programs Major Research Plan Joint research projects

6 Talent Programs National Science Fund for Talent Training in Basic Science Young Scientists Fund Joint Research Fund For Overseas, Hong Kong & Macao Scholars Science Fund for Creative Research Groups Research Fund for International Young Scientists National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars Fund for Less Developed Regions

7 Environment Construction Programs Basic research in science instrument Key academic Journal Public understanding of science Funding for scientific activities of Youth International collaborative projects (funds mainly cover exchange costs, e.g. travel, local accommodation, etc.)

8 NSFC s Funding for International Talents Establishment of Research Fund for International Young Scientists in 2009 Orientation: Encourage excellent international young scientists to conduct basic research, promote the research collaboration and academic exchanges between Chinese and international young scientists. Requirements: 1. Ph.D. degree, under the age of More than 3 years of basic research or postdoctoral experience

9 Application and Funding: Institutional recommendation is adopted. Research institutes and universities affiliated to the CAS or MOE of PRC are defined as qualified host institutions for the recommendation of eligible applicants. NSFC is responsible for the issuance of guidelines for application and provide research grants. The host institutions are obligated to cover the living expenses and provide working facilities. Duration: 6 or 12 months. For More Details on the Research Fund, please refer to the following website:

10 Unit: 100 Million Yuan Budget NSFC budget has been increased at an annual rate of over 20%. The total budget for 2010 is 8.33 billion yuan, an increase by 30.2% over the year Fiscal Year

11 No. of Proposals Received Proposals Received in Recent Years over 110, Fiscal Year

12 Funding Distribution by Discipline (2009 General Projects) Information Sciences 10% Management Sciences 3% Mathematical and Physical Sciences 11% Engineering and Materials Sciences 16% Chemical Sciences 11% Earth Sciences 13% Life Sciences 36%

13 NSFC SC Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics Program NSFC Nuclear Physics and particle physics panel and mission is to: o Provide new insights and advance our knowledge on the nature of matter and energy o Develop scientific knowledge, technologies, and trained workforce to support the nation s needs o Review and select best proposals for grant NSFC with other funding agencies work together to coordinate planning, efforts and resources o Jointly with MOST or CAS to provide advice on scientific opportunities and priorities for the Nation s Nuclear Physics program o Jointly with MOST and CAS to support some research program

14 Science Drives the Program Scientific thrusts and opportunities as identified by the scientific community Major Scientific Thrusts of the Field Quark Structure of Matter Structure of nucleons & nuclei in terms of their quark substructure Phases of Nuclear Matter Properties of hot, dense nuclear matter Search for evidence of a quark-gluon plasma Nuclear Structure & Dynamics Nuclear structure at extreme excitation, angular momentum, and proton/neutron ratios Nuclear Astrophysics Reaction rates and simulations relevant to stellar burning and supernovae phenomena Fundamental Symmetries The nucleon/nucleus as a laboratory to test the Standard Model and fundamental theories

15 Science Drives the Program Scientific thrusts and opportunities as identified by the scientific community Major Scientific missions of particle physics Electroweak Interaction Interaction of leptons with gauge bosons, search for Higgs boson, neutrino mixing (ATLAS, DAYABAY, etc) Strong Interaction Stucture of quarks and hadrons and their interaction, perturbative and non-perturbative QCD (BES-III, etc) Gravity and Cosmology The nature of gravity, large scale structure of space-time, origin of universe, dark energy (DONE-A, etc) Particle Astrophysics Cosmic rays, particle detection in space and stellar objects, dark matter (YANGBAJING, JINGPINGSHAN, etc) Fundamental Symmetries P and CP violation, super-symmetry (SUPER-B, etc)

16 Planning Processes Guidance on scientific opportunities and priorities from scientific community NSFC Nuclear and Particle Science Evaluation Panel NSFC Advisory Committee for the Department of Math. and Phys. Other bodies (China Academy of Sciences, MOE, etc.) Strategic Plan and Priorities developed within the NSFC 5-year plans and priorities for new research capabilities Administration Priorities and Interagency Planning Annual the National Research Priorities Report and Agenda China Development Initiative International Coordination Extensive collaboration occurs through various international agreements Some new activities from Scientific Community

17 {Second} Some situation supported for Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics

18 NSFC s Program for Nuclear Physics and particle Physics (Funding for Research Application Projects in recent years) Unit:10,000 yuan Financial Year 2009 Financial Year 2010 Field Applicable Number Granted Number Granted Funds Applicable Number Granted Number Granted Funds Particle Physics Nuclear physics Nuclear technology Accelerator Physics and Detectors Total

19 NSFC s Major Research Plan Breeding and Transmutation of Nuclear Fuel in Advanced Nuclear Fission Energy System Budgetary Funding: 150 Million RMB (2017)

20 Scientific objective: aiming at future advanced nuclear energy system In the explorations of new phenomena, theories and concepts Exploring novel physical, chemical and nuclear properties of actinides, especially the extremely complicated properties caused by the unique 5f electronic structures of actinides, they are basic research needs for breeding and transmutation. Establishing the road map of breeding and transmutation of nuclear fuel, propose the optimized scenario of nuclear fuel breeding and reasonable approaches for transmutation of long-lived high level waste (HLW). Working out or partially working out the separation and partition of Th, U, Pu, minor actinides (MAs) and key fission products, finding out the corresponding separation mechanisms.

21 Scientific objective: aiming at future advanced nuclear energy system Developing highly efficient methods for uranium and thorium extraction, enrichment and purification, striving for significant breakthroughs. In experimental technologies Developing beam diagnostics technologies and RAMI technologies (ADS), striving for significant breakthroughs in R&D of intense beam proton LINAC Developing highly selective separation technologies for actinides, developing supramolecular recognition and ionic liquid technologies, striving for leading level in the world.

22 Scientific objective: aiming at future advanced nuclear energy system Developing the basic methods for Th-U fuel cycle, so as to be applied in the design of thorium based reactor and the Th-U fuel cycle as far as possible. In the applications of nuclear energy Developing useful methods that could be applied in the design of subcritical reactor related with ADS and the related nuclear fuel cycle system. Developing advanced nuclear materials with thermo-stability, corrosion resistance and high radio-resistance that could be used in advanced nuclear fission energy system.

23 The priority research directions The properties of Th, U and Pu associated nuclear fuel and the related nuclear processes in advanced nuclear energy system. The basic behaviors of nuclear fuel burning, breeding and transmutation in advanced nuclear reactors. Spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and P&T of long-lived nuclides. New technologies and principles in advanced nuclear fuel breeding and transmutation. New materials in advanced nuclear fuel breeding and transmutation system.

24 {Third} International Cooperation Program Especial in the Department of Mathematical and Physical Science

25 1.Cooperation with scientific organizations of world The Department has so far signed agreements and memoranda of understanding for scientific cooperation and exchange with ICTP in Italy and Brookhaven laboratory in USA and the Department of NSF in USA. 2. Supported the program with CERN we have supported Chinese scientist in the CMS,ATLAS, LHCb and ALICE for joint research.

26 3. Supporting the RHIC program in Brookhaven we have supported Chinese scientist joint the RHIC star program for research of QGP. 4. Supporting joint observing in Astronomy with Australia,United States, Japan, European and Russian and so on. 5. Supporting joint research program in China YangbaJing Tibet for with Japan, Italy; Daya Bey in Guangdong For Neutrino with United States,European,Russian and so on.

27 6. Support joint research program over the world. We received about 100 proposals year/per. Sino-Canada collaboration experiment on nuclear(by using the DRAGON spectrometer, to directly measure nuclear radiative capture ), Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)Project with Korea. 7. Supporting joint research program in Mathematical Research with NSF Objective: to establish new and/or strengthen existing collaborations in mathematical and statistical sciences between U.S. - and China-based researchers.

28 {Fourth} Backup

29 The Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences There five division in the department: -Division of Mathematics -Division of Mechanics -Division of Astronomy - Division of Physics I -Division of Physics II

30 Division of Physics II Theoretical Physics: field theory and its method, gravitation theory, phenomenological theory and verification of standard models, non-linear and non-perturbative theories, statistical physics, string theory, etc. Particle Physics: interaction of particles, scattering, reaction and decay of particle, particle structure, high energy physics and super-high energy physics related to cosmology, astrophysics and nuclear physics, particle cosmology, etc.

31 Division of Physics II Nuclear physics and nuclear technology: symmetry and conservation laws related to strong, weak and electromagnetic interaction, property of nuclear matter, structure, excitation and reaction dynamics, QCD at high energy densities, heave-ion physics, radioactive nuclear beam physics, nuclear astrophysics, etc. Plasma physics: high temperature plasma, low temperature plasma, gas discharge plasma,space plasma and astroplasma, interaction of plasma with other matters, plasma diagnostics, etc.

32 {Sixth} Some Research Group and Major Facilities in China

33 Institute and University which have nuclear research group in China Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, CAS Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy in Beijing Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, CAS Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, CAS Institute of Theoretical physics in Beijing, CAS Beijing University, Dep of technical physics Tsinghua university, Dep of engineering physics University of Science and Technology of China, Dep of Physics Shandong University, Huazhong normal university, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fudan University, Lanzhou university, Wuhan University, Nanjing University, Sichuan University, Zhejiang University Nanhua University, Jilin University

34 Institute and University which have Partical research group in China Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, CAS Institute of Theoretical physics in Beijing, CAS Beijing University, Dep of technical physics Tsinghua university, Dep of engineering physics University of Science and Technology of China, Dep of Physics Shandong University, Huazhong normal university, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fudan University, Lanzhou university, Nanjing University, Zhejiang University

35 Facilities in China (Not complete) Nuclear physics CSR Lanzhou BRIF Beijing Particle physics BEPCII Beijing Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment Particle astrophysics experiments Yanbajing cosmic ray observatory Others SSRF Shanghai, and USTC Heifei synchrotron radiation light facilities CARR and CSNS, neutron facilities

36 CSR in Lanzhou Lanzhou, CSR Med E HI, RIB,

37 BRIF (Beijing rare ion beam facility) 100 MeV 200 ma compact proton cyclotron mass resolution ISOL, 2 MeV/q super-conducting LINAC Already funded, but requiring additional supplement Brief idea in 1990, supported in 2004 Available in Cyclotron ISOL Tandem SCL

38 Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) BEPC: constructed BESI: run from BESII: run from BECPII upgraded BESIII: run from 2008 E beam ~ GeV E beam ~ GeV -charm energy region 38

39 Precision measurement of mixing 13 Daya Bay reactor experiment Daya Bay nuclear power plant: 4 reactor cores, 11.6 GW 2 more in 2011 for a total of 17.4 GW Mountains near by, easy to construct a lab with enough overburden to shield cosmic-ray backgrounds Tunnel construction finished. Begin data taking with Near sites middle 2011, Near-Far configuration beginning 2012 Expect to reach sensitivity of 0.01 with 3 years of running. 39

40 angbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory( a.s.l. 4300m) Particle Astrophysics Experiments intibet Physics question: sharp knee and irregularity spectrum Acceleration by shocked pulsar wind in young SNRs Hybrid approach to the primary cosmic ray composition

41 collaboration IHEP-INFN Argo RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

42 LHAASO Project: γastronomy and origin of CR Charge Particle Array μdetector Array Water C Array Wide FOV C-Telescope Array & ore Detector Array Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory Three major components 90k m 2 water Cerenkov detector for γ>100gev 1km 2 complex array forγ >30TeV Array of 5000 scintillation detectors Array of 3600 μ detectors under water C detectors Array of 1200 μ detectors buried water C detectors Cosmic Ray Detector Array for CRs >30TeV Array of 24 C-telescopes Array of 400 burst detectors

43 CARR, CARIF,SSRF and CSNS in Beijing and Guangzhou and LHC Experiment, China Deep Underground Lab in Jinping

44 China Advanced Research Reactor CARR Engineering approved in 2002 Civil engineering finished in 2005 Reactor core finished in 2007 First critical in 2010 Multipurpose, high performance Light water cooling, heavy water reflecting, 60MW, neutron flux n/cm 2 s, one of the world level Will reach full power by the end of 2011

45 SSRF (Shanghai synchrotron radiation facilities) in Shanghai Commissioned in April 2009!

46 CSNS (Chinese Spallation Neutron Source) in Guangdong

47 LHC Experiments 1. CMS 1/3 of CSC at muon end caps (IHEP) RPC of barrel muon (Beijing Univ.) Physics and MC 2. Atlas Drift Monitor chambers (IHEP) TGC (Shandong Univ.) Physics and MC 3. LCG: Tier 2 with 2000 cores 4. LHCb: Tsinghua Univ. 5. Alice: CIAE

48 China Deep Underground Lab. (CDUL) at Jingpin mountain Yalong River and Jingpin Hydropower station Yalong river locates the west of Sichuan, with length of 1571km and drop height of 4420m. 21 Hydropower stations are planned, with 48 total electricity of 30GW.

49 Some Deep Underground Lab in the World 600m Soudan USA 700m Y2L Korea 800m Canfranc Spain Tunnel Mine 1000m Kamioka Japan 1100m Boulby England 1400m INO India Deep Underground Lab 1400m LNGS Italia 1600m Baksan Russia 4700m Modane France 1500m DUSEL USA 2300m 2000m SNO Canada 2500m Jiping China

50 Conclusion Nuclear physics and Particle Physics in China developed rapidly, driving by CSR, BRIF, CARR, BEPCIII,LHC and other facilities and NSFC, MOST We highly concern to promote the development of Nuclear physics and Particle Physics We hope to receive more applications for new ideas for physics and have more young researches in this area we would like to collaborate with major foreign research groups and world labs to take their full research potential and to do cooperative effort in dealing with experimental and technical challenges

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