O WILEY- MODERN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. WALTER D. LOVELAND Oregon State University. DAVID J. MORRISSEY Michigan State University
|
|
- Wendy Collins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MODERN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY WALTER D. LOVELAND Oregon State University DAVID J. MORRISSEY Michigan State University GLENN T. SEABORG University of California, Berkeley O WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
2 CONTENTS PREFACE xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS Introduction / The Atom / Atomic Processes / Ionization / X-ray Emission / The Nucleus Nomenclature / Survey of Nuclear Decay Types / Modern Physical Concepts Needed in Nuclear Chemistry / Types of Forces in Nature / Elementary Mechanics / Relativistic Mechanics / De Broglie Wavelength, Wave Particle Duality / Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle / Units and Conversion Factors / Particle Physics / Exchange Particles and Force Carriers / 24 Problems / 24 Bibliography / 26 v
3 Vi CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 NUCLEAR PROPERTIES Introduction / Nuclear Masses / Terminology / Binding Energy Per Nucleon / Separation Energy Systematics / Abundance Systematics / Semiempirical Mass Equation / Nuclear Sizes and Shapes / Quantum Mechanical Properties / Nuclear Angular Momenta / Electric and Magnetic Moments / Magnetic Dipole Moment / Electric Quadrupole Moment / 50 Problems / 53 References / 56 Bibliography / 56 CHAPTER 3 RADIOACTIVE DECAY KINETICS Basic Decay Equations / Mixture of Two Independently Decaying Radionuclides / Radioactive Decay Equilibrium / Branching Decay / Natural Radioactivity / Radionuclide Dating / 81 Problems / 87 References / 89 Bibliography / 89 CHAPTER 4 RADIOTRACERS Introduction / Design of a Radiotracer Experiment / Basic Design Criteria / Practical Considerations / Preparation of Radiotracers and Their Compounds / Chemical Synthesis / Biosynthesis / Tritium Labeling / Radiolysis of Labeled Compounds / 101
4 CONTENTS Vi I 4.4 Tracing of Physical Process / Chemical Applications of Tracers / Isotope Effects / Biological Applications / Environmental Applications / Industrial Use of Radiotracers / Nuclear Medicine / Isotope Dilution Analysis / Direct IDA / Inverse IDA / General Comments / Special IDA Techniques / Radiometric Techniques / 125 Problems / 127 References / 128 Bibliography / 128 CHAPTER 5 NUCLEAR FORCES Introduction / Characteristics of the Strong Force / Charge Independence of Nuclear Forces / 132 Problems / 134 Reference / 135 CHAPTER 6 NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Nuclear Potentials / Schematic Shell Model / Independent Particle Model / Collective Model / Nilsson Model / Nucleus as a Fermi Gas / 163 Problems / 171 References / 174 Bibliography / 174 CHAPTER 7 a DECAY Energetics of a Decay / Theory of a Decay / Hindrance Factors / 192
5 Viii CONTENTS 7.4 Heavy Particle Radioactivity / Proton Radioactivity / 195 Problems / 197 References / 198 Bibliography / 198 CHAPTER 8 ß DECAY Introduction / Neutrino Hypothesis / Derivation of Spectral Shape / Kurie Plots / ß-Decay Rate Constant / Electron Capture Decay / Parity Nonconservation / Neutrinos / ß-Delayed Radioactivities / Double-ß Decay / 217 Problems / 219 References / 220 Bibliography / 220 CHAPTER 9 y-ray DECAY Introduction / Energetics of y Decay / Classification of Decay Types / Electromagnetic Transition Rates / Internal Conversion / Angular Correlations / Mössbauer Effect / 241 Problems / 247 References / 248 Bibliography / 248 CHAPTER 10 NUCLEAR REACTIONS Introduction / Energetics of Nuclear Reactions / Reaction Types and Mechanisms / Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections / 255
6 CONTENTS ix 10.5 Reaction Observables / Rutherford Scattering / Elastic (Diffractive) Scattering / Direct Reactions / Compound Nucleus Reactions / Photonuclear Reactions / Heavy Ion Reactions / Coulomb Excitation / Elastic Scattering / Fusion Reactions / Deep Inelastic Scattering / Incomplete Fusion / Reactions Induced by Radioactive Projectiles / High-Energy Nuclear Reactions / Spallation/Fragmentation / Multifragmentation / Quark Gluon Plasma / 292 Problems / 293 References / 296 Bibliography / 297 CHAPTER 11 FISSION Introduction / Probability of Fission / Liquid Drop Model / Shell Corrections / Spontaneous Fission / Spontaneously Fissioning Isomers / Transition Nucleus / Fission Product Distributions / Total Kinetic Energy (TKE) Release in Fission / Fission Product Mass Distributions / Fission Product Charge Distributions / Excitation Energy of the Fission Fragments / Dynamical Properties of the Fission Fragments / 325 Problems / 329 References / 329
7 X CONTENTS CHAPTER 12 NUCLEAR REACTIONS IN NATURE: NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS Introduction / Elemental and Isotopic Abundances / Primordial Nucleosynthesis / Stellar Evolution / Thermonuclear Reaction Rates / Stellar Nucleosynthesis / Introduction / Hydrogen Burning / Helium Burning / Synthesis of Nuclei with A < 60 / Synthesis of Nuclei with A > 60 / Solar Neutrino Problem / Introduction / Expected Solar Neutrino Sources, Energies, and Fluxes / Detection of Neutrinos / Solar Neutrino Problem / Solution of the Problem Neutrino Oscillations / Synthesis of Li, Be, and B / 361 Problems / 362 References / 363 Bibliography / 363 CHAPTER 13 ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS Activation Analysis / Basic Description of Method / Advantages and Disadvantages of Activation Analysis / Practical Considerations in Activation Analysis / Applications of Activation Analysis / Particle-Induced X-ray Emission / Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) / 376 Problems / 379 References / 380 Bibliography / 380
8 CONTENTS Xi CHAPTER 14 REACTORS AND ACCELERATORS Nuclear Reactors / Neutron-Induced Reactions / Neutron-Induced Fission / Neutron Inventory / Light Water Reactors / The Oklo Phenomenon / Neutron Sources / Neutron Generators / Accelerators / Ion Sources / Electrostatic Machines / Linear Accelerators / Cyclotrons, Synchrotrons, and Rings / Charged Particle Beam Transport and Analysis / Radioactive Ion Beams / Nuclear Weapons / 421 Problems / 426 References / 427 Bibliography / 427 CHAPTER 15 THE TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS Introduction / Limits of Stability / Element Synthesis / History of Transuranium Element Discovery / Superheavy Elements / Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements / Environmental Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements / 457 Problems / 462 References / 463 Bibliography / 464 CHAPTER 16 NUCLEAR REACTOR CHEMISTRY Introduction / Fission Product Chemistry / 466
9 Xii CONTENTS 16.3 Radiochemistry of Uranium / Uranium Isotopes / Metallic Uranium / Uranium Compounds / Uranium Solution Chemistry / Nuclear Fuel Cycle The Front End / Mining and Milling / Refining and Chemical Conversion / Enrichment / Fuel Fabrication / Nuclear Fuel Cycle The Back End / Properties of Spent Fuel / Fuel Reprocessing / Radioactive Waste Disposal / Classification of Radioactive Waste / Amounts and Associated Hazards / Storage and Disposal of Nuclear Waste / Chemistry of Operating Reactors / Radiation Chemistry of Coolants / Corrosion / Coolant Activities / 494 Problems / 494 References / 495 Bibliography / 496 CHAPTER 17 INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER Introduction / Heavy Charged Particles (A > 1) / Electrons / Electromagnetic Radiation / Photoelectric Effect / Compton Scattering / Pair Production / Neutrons / Radiation Exposure and Dosimetry / 530 Problems / 533 References / 535 Bibliography / 535
10 CONTENTS Xi i i CHAPTER 18 RADIATION DETECTORS Detectors Based an Ionization / Gas Ionization Detectors / Semiconductor Detectors (Solid-State Ionization Chambers) / Scintillation Detectors / Nuclear Track Detectors / Nuclear Electronics and Data Collection / Nuclear Statistics / Rejection of Abnormal Data / Setting Upper Limits When No Counts are Observed / 576 Problems / 576 References / 577 Bibliography / 577 CHAPTER 19 RADIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES Unique Aspects of Radiochemistry / Availability of Radioactive Material / Targetry / Measuring Beam Intensity and Fluxes / Recoils, Evaporation Residues (EVRs), and Heavy Residues / Radiochemical Separation Techniques / Precipitation / Solvent Extraction / Ion Exchange / Extraction Chromatography / Rapid Radiochemical Separations / Low-Level Measurement Techniques / Introduction / Blanks / Low-Level Counting General Principles / Low-Level Counting Details / Limits of Detection / 608 Problems / 609 References / 610 Bibliography / 611
11 XIV CONTENTS APPENDIX A FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 613 APPENDIX B NUCLEAR WALLET CARDS 617 APPENDIX C PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 639 APPENDIX D LIST OF ELEMENTS 641 APPENDIX E ELEMENTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS 643 INDEX 665
Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis
Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis WILLIAM D. EHMANN Professor, Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky DIANE E. VANCE Staff Development Scientist Analytical Services
More informationContents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition
Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Notes xiii xv xvii 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The Origins of Nuclear Physics 1 1.1.2 The Emergence of Particle Physics: the
More informationNuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear and Particle Physics W. S. С Williams Department of Physics, University of Oxford and St Edmund Hall, Oxford CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1991 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical perspective 1 1.2
More informationPHYSICS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION
PHYSICS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION JAMES E. MARTIN School of Public Health The University of Michigan A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore
More informationINTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS ASHOK DAS THOMAS FERBEL University of Rochester JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK CHICHESTER BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE CONTENTS Preface and Introduction Apologies
More informationFYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics. Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction
FYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition Professor Brian Martin ISBN: 978-0-470-74275-4
More informationNuclear and Radiation Physics
501503742 Nuclear and Radiation Physics Why nuclear physics? Why radiation physics? Why in Jordan? Interdisciplinary. Applied? 1 Subjects to be covered Nuclear properties. Nuclear forces. Nuclear matter.
More informationMODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi
More informationNuclear and Radiochemistry
Nuclear and Radiochemistry Third Edition Gerhart Friedlander Senior Chemist, Brookhaven National Laboratory Joseph W. Kennedy Late Professor of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis Edward S. Macias
More informationNuclear Physics for Applications
Stanley C. Pruss'm Nuclear Physics for Applications A Model Approach BICENTENNIAL WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA VII Table of Contents Preface XIII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Low-Energy Nuclear Physics for
More informationPHYSICS A2 UNIT 2 SECTION 1: RADIOACTIVITY & NUCLEAR ENERGY
PHYSICS A2 UNIT 2 SECTION 1: RADIOACTIVITY & NUCLEAR ENERGY THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS / NUCLEAR RADIUS & DENSITY / PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR RADIATION / INTENSITY & BACKGROUND RADIATION / EXPONENTIAL LAW OF DECAY
More informationUGC ACADEMY LEADING INSTITUE FOR CSIR-JRF/NET, GATE & JAM PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST SERIES # 4. Atomic, Solid State & Nuclear + Particle
UGC ACADEMY LEADING INSTITUE FOR CSIR-JRF/NET, GATE & JAM BOOKLET CODE PH PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST SERIES # 4 Atomic, Solid State & Nuclear + Particle SUBJECT CODE 05 Timing: 3: H M.M: 200 Instructions 1.
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER
INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER A Course in Modern Physics John J. Brehm and William J. Mullin University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Fachberelch 5?@8hnlsdie Hochschule Darmstadt! HochschulstraSa
More informationThe interaction of radiation with matter
Basic Detection Techniques 2009-2010 http://www.astro.rug.nl/~peletier/detectiontechniques.html Detection of energetic particles and gamma rays The interaction of radiation with matter Peter Dendooven
More informationLESSON PLAN. B.Sc. THIRD YEAR ( REGULATION) FIXTH SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LESSON PLAN B.Sc. THIRD YEAR (2015-2016 REGULATION) FIXTH SEMESTER SRM UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR 603 203 1 Subject
More informationChemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry A nuclear reaction involves changes in the nucleus of an atom Nuclear chemistry the study of nuclear reactions, with an emphasis in their uses
More informationChapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Section 1 The Nucleus Lesson Starter Nuclear reactions result in much larger energy
More informationAtoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection
James E. Turner Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Third, Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition BICENTENNIAL J 0 1 8 0 Q 71 z m z CAVILEY 2007 1 ;Z z ü ; m r B10ENTENNIAL WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH
More informationLecture 1. Introduction to Nuclear Science
Lecture 1 Introduction to Nuclear Science Composition of atoms Atoms are composed of electrons and nuclei. The electrons are held in the atom by a Coulomb attraction between the positively charged nucleus
More information= : K A
Atoms and Nuclei. State two limitations of JJ Thomson s model of atom. 2. Write the SI unit for activity of a radioactive substance. 3. What observations led JJ Thomson to conclusion that all atoms have
More informationFundamental Forces. Range Carrier Observed? Strength. Gravity Infinite Graviton No. Weak 10-6 Nuclear W+ W- Z Yes (1983)
Fundamental Forces Force Relative Strength Range Carrier Observed? Gravity 10-39 Infinite Graviton No Weak 10-6 Nuclear W+ W- Z Yes (1983) Electromagnetic 10-2 Infinite Photon Yes (1923) Strong 1 Nuclear
More informationChemical Engineering 412
Chemical Engineering 412 Introductory Nuclear Engineering Exam 1 Review 1 Chapter 1 - Fundamentals 2 Nuclear units Elementary particles/particle physics Isotopic nomenclature Atomic weight/number density
More informationSlide 1 / 57. Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems
Slide 1 / 57 Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems Slide 2 / 57 Multiple Choice Slide 3 / 57 1 The atomic nucleus consists of: A B C D E Electrons Protons Protons and electrons Protons
More informationLesson 1. Introduction to Nuclear Science
Lesson 1 Introduction to Nuclear Science Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry What is nuclear chemistry? What is the relation of nuclear chemistry to other parts of chemistry? Nuclear chemistry vs nuclear
More informationNuclear Reactions A Z. Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q > 0. Exothermic Endothermic
Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reactions A Z 4 P D+ He + Q A 4 Z 2 Q > 0 Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q = ( m + m m m ) c 2 x X Y y Q > 0 Q < 0 Exothermic Endothermic 2
More informationChapter VIII: Nuclear fission
Chapter VIII: Nuclear fission 1 Summary 1. General remarks 2. Spontaneous and induced fissions 3. Nucleus deformation 4. Mass distribution of fragments 5. Number of emitted electrons 6. Radioactive decay
More informationNuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions
Slide 1 / 33 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions The Nucleus Slide 2 / 33 Proton: The charge on a proton is +1.6x10-19 C. The mass of a proton is 1.6726x10-27 kg. Neutron: The neutron is neutral. The
More informationNuclear Reactions and Astrophysics: a (Mostly) Qualitative Introduction
Nuclear Reactions and Astrophysics: a (Mostly) Qualitative Introduction Barry Davids, TRIUMF Key Concepts Lecture 2013 Introduction To observe the nucleus, we must use radiation with a (de Broglie) wavelength
More informationHighenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles
Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles Vladimir G. Baryshevsky Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University 1> World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI
More informationChapter IX: Nuclear fusion
Chapter IX: Nuclear fusion 1 Summary 1. General remarks 2. Basic processes 3. Characteristics of fusion 4. Solar fusion 5. Controlled fusion 2 General remarks (1) Maximum of binding energy per nucleon
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 21. Nuclear Chemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 21, Inc. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Energy: Chemical vs. Chemical energy is associated with making and breaking chemical bonds. energy is enormous in comparison.
More informationUNCORRECTED PROOF. Table of Contents
00-Stabin-Prelims SNY001-Stabin (Typeset by spi publisher services, Delhi) vii of xvi June 1, 2007 17:15 Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Chapter 1. Introduction to Health Physics 1 1.1 Definition of Health
More informationMichael G. Stabin. Radiation Protection and Dosimetry. An Introduction to Health Physics. 4) Springer
Michael G. Stabin Radiation Protection and Dosimetry An Introduction to Health Physics 4) Springer Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction to Health Physics 1 1.1 Definition of
More informationCHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions
CHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 10; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 4 Notation Energetics of Nuclear Reactions Reaction Types and Mechanisms
More informationTEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE
Table of Contents Pg. Domain I. Mechanics Vectors (properties; addition and subtraction)... 129H1 Vector multiplication (dot and cross product)... 130H3 Motion along a straight line (displacement, velocity,
More informationPhET Interactive Chemistry Simulations Aligned to an Example General Chemistry Curriculum
PhET Interactive Chemistry Simulations Aligned to an Example General Chemistry Curriculum Alignment is based on the topics and subtopics addressed by each sim. Sims that directly address the topic area
More informationIntroduction to Modern Physics
SECOND EDITION Introduction to Modern Physics John D. McGervey Case Western Reserve University Academic Press A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Orlando San Diego San Francisco New York London Toronto
More informationAPPLIED RADIATION PHYSICS
A PRIMER IN APPLIED RADIATION PHYSICS F A SMITH Queen Mary & Westfield College, London fe World Scientific m Singapore * New Jersey London Hong Kong CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 : SOURCES of RADIATION 1.1 Introduction
More informationFoundation of Radiological Physics. Preface
Foundation of Radiological Physics Page Preface v Chapter 1. Radiation 1 1.1 Medical Use of Radiation. 1 1.2 Nature of Radiation. 4 1.3 Quantum Nature of Radiation. 6 1.4 Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
More informationAn Introduction to. Nuclear Physics. Yatramohan Jana. Alpha Science International Ltd. Oxford, U.K.
An Introduction to Nuclear Physics Yatramohan Jana Alpha Science International Ltd. Oxford, U.K. Contents Preface Acknowledgement Part-1 Introduction vii ix Chapter-1 General Survey of Nuclear Properties
More informationMultiple Choice Questions
Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems PSI AP Physics B 1. The atomic nucleus consists of: (A) Electrons (B) Protons (C)Protons and electrons (D) Protons and neutrons (E) Neutrons and electrons
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray
25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha
More informationChapter IV: Radioactive decay
Chapter IV: Radioactive decay 1 Summary 1. Law of radioactive decay 2. Decay chain/radioactive filiation 3. Quantum description 4. Types of radioactive decay 2 History Radioactivity was discover in 1896
More information13. Basic Nuclear Properties
13. Basic Nuclear Properties Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 13. Basic Nuclear Properties 1 In this section... Motivation for study The strong nuclear force Stable nuclei Binding
More informationNuclear Physics and Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-302 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 1 - Course Organiser: Deputy: Dr E. Rizvi (room 401) Dr A. Bevan My Office hours 1000 1100 Thursday 3 lecture slots per week Thursday 0900-1000
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 20 Modern Physics Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles Fission, Fusion and Reactors Elementary Particles Fundamental Forces Classification of Particles Conservation
More informationSOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester
SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front
More informationSTUDY GUIDE. 2. Explain and use the special nuclear units of ev and amu and their conversion to SI units.
STUDY GUIDE NE 495: Elements of Nuclear Engineering Chapter 1: Fundamental Concepts 1. Use SI units, their abbreviations, prexes, and grammar. 2. Explain and use the special nuclear units of ev and amu
More informationNERS 311 Current Old notes notes Chapter Chapter 1: Introduction to the course 1 - Chapter 1.1: About the course 2 - Chapter 1.
NERS311/Fall 2014 Revision: August 27, 2014 Index to the Lecture notes Alex Bielajew, 2927 Cooley, bielajew@umich.edu NERS 311 Current Old notes notes Chapter 1 1 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to the course
More informationFundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis
Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis Terry L. Alford Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Leonard C. Feldman Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA James W. Mayer Arizona State University Tempe,
More informationU (superscript is mass number, subscript atomic number) - radionuclides nuclei that are radioactive - radioisotopes atoms containing radionuclides
Chapter : Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity nucleons neutron and proton all atoms of a given element have the same number of protons, atomic number isotopes atoms with the same atomic number but different
More informationConclusion. 109m Ag isomer showed that there is no such broadening. Because one can hardly
Conclusion This small book presents a description of the results of studies performed over many years by our research group, which, in the best period, included 15 physicists and laboratory assistants
More informationWith Modern Physics For Scientists and Engineers
With Modern Physics For Scientists and Engineers Third Edition Richard Wolfson Middlebury College Jay M. Pasachoff Williams College ^ADDISON-WESLEY An imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Reading, Massachusetts
More informationNuclear Physics and Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-302 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 1 - Course Organiser: Deputy: Dr E. Rizvi (room 401) Prof. J. Emerson My Office hours 1000 1100 Thursday 3 lecture slots per week Thursday
More informationChapter. Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 01 Chapter 22 Slide 2 Chapter 22 Slide 3 Alpha Decay: Loss of an α-particle (a helium nucleus) 4 2 He 238 92 U 234 4 U He 90 + 2 Chapter 22 Slide 4 Beta Decay:
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Chapter 23
Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 23 n/p too large beta decay X Y n/p too small positron decay or electron capture Nuclear Stability Certain numbers of neutrons and protons are extra stable n or p = 2, 8, 20,
More informationPhysics 107 Final Exam December 13, Your Name: Questions
Physics 107 Final Exam December 13, 1993 Your Name: Questions 1. 11. 21. 31. 41. 2. 12. 22. 32. 42. 3. 13. 23. 33. 43. 4. 14. 24. 34. 44. 5. 15. 25. 35. 45. 6. 16. 26. 36. 46. 7. 17. 27. 37. 47. 8. 18.
More informationNuclear Chemistry. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
More informationChapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 8 Nuclear Chemistry 8. Discovery of radioactivity 895 Roentgen discovery of radioactivity X-ray X-ray could penetrate other bodies and affect photographic plates led to the development of X-ray
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
More informationMIDSUMMER EXAMINATIONS 2001 PHYSICS, PHYSICS WITH ASTROPHYSICS PHYSICS WITH SPACE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PHYSICS WITH MEDICAL PHYSICS
No. of Pages: 6 No. of Questions: 10 MIDSUMMER EXAMINATIONS 2001 Subject PHYSICS, PHYSICS WITH ASTROPHYSICS PHYSICS WITH SPACE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PHYSICS WITH MEDICAL PHYSICS Title of Paper MODULE PA266
More informationQuantum Mechanics. Exam 3. Photon(or electron) interference? Photoelectric effect summary. Using Quantum Mechanics. Wavelengths of massive objects
Exam 3 Hour Exam 3: Wednesday, November 29th In-class, Quantum Physics and Nuclear Physics Twenty multiple-choice questions Will cover:chapters 13, 14, 15 and 16 Lecture material You should bring 1 page
More informationAtomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes
Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Academic Chemistry Name 52 24 Cr Mass Number Symbol Atomic Number Unit #3 Test Date You can never learn less, you can only learn more. R. Buckminster Fuller
More informationRDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
More informationLecture 14, 8/9/2017. Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Fusion
Lecture 14, 8/9/2017 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements A nuclear reaction takes place
More informationSwitching to OCR from AQA
Switching to OCR from AQA The content within the OCR Physics A specification covers the Big Ideas of physics and will be very familiar. We ve laid it out in a logical progression to support co-teaching
More informationComposite Nucleus (Activated Complex)
Lecture 10: Nuclear Potentials and Radioactive Decay I. Nuclear Stability and Basic Decay Modes A. Schematic Representation: Synthesis Equilibration Decay X + Y + Energy A Z * Z ( 10 20 s) ( ~ 10 16 10
More informationNuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear and Particle Physics Second Edition B. R. MARTIN Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Nuclear and Particle Physics Second Edition
More informationNuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear and Particle Physics Dr Daniel Watts 3 rd Year Junior Honours Course Mondays & Thursdays 10am Military nuclear weapons Industry power plants energy source materials tracing Research condensed matter
More informationPhysics 3204 UNIT 3 Test Matter Energy Interface
Physics 3204 UNIT 3 Test Matter Energy Interface 2005 2006 Time: 60 minutes Total Value: 33 Marks Formulae and Constants v = f λ E = hf h f = E k + W 0 E = m c 2 p = h λ 1 A= A T 0 2 t 1 2 E k = ½ mv 2
More informationChapter 44. Nuclear Structure
Chapter 44 Nuclear Structure Milestones in the Development of Nuclear Physics 1896: the birth of nuclear physics Becquerel discovered radioactivity in uranium compounds Rutherford showed the radiation
More informationCalifornia Subject Examinations for Teachers
California Subject Examinations for Teachers TEST GUIDE SCIENCE SUBTEST II: PHYSICS Subtest Description This document contains the Physics subject matter requirements arranged according to the domains
More informationThere are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart?
Question 32.1 The Nucleus There are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart? a) Coulomb repulsive force doesn t act inside the nucleus b) gravity overpowers the Coulomb repulsive
More informationPhysics 107 Final Exam May 6, Your Name: 1. Questions
Physics 107 Final Exam May 6, 1996 Your Name: 1. Questions 1. 9. 17. 5.. 10. 18. 6. 3. 11. 19. 7. 4. 1. 0. 8. 5. 13. 1. 9. 6. 14.. 30. 7. 15. 3. 8. 16. 4.. Problems 1. 4. 7. 10. 13.. 5. 8. 11. 14. 3. 6.
More informationSelected Topics from Modern Physics
Selected Topics from Modern Physics 1. According to the special theory of relativity, if a 30-year old astronaut sent on a space mission is accelerated to speeds close to that of light, and then returns
More informationMIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION. Dr. Flera Rizatdinova
MIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION Dr. Flera Rizatdinova Summary of Chapter 23 Index of refraction: Angle of reflection equals angle of incidence Plane mirror: image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the
More informationUnit title: Atomic and Nuclear Physics for Spectroscopic Applications
Unit title: Atomic and Nuclear Physics for Spectroscopic Applications Unit code: Y/601/0417 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit provides an understanding of the underlying atomic and nuclear physics
More informationNUCLEI, RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR REACTIONS
NUCLEI, RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR REACTIONS VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Q-1. Which of the two is bigger 1 kwh or 1 MeV? Q-2. What should be the approximate minimum energy of a gamma ray photon for pair
More information2. Electrons: e - charge = negative -1 mass ~ 0
Notes Ch. and 5: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry History and Structure the Nuclear Atom The Atom smallest particle an element that retains all properties the element I. Early Models the Atom A.
More informationNuclear Physics. Chapter 43. PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman
Chapter 43 Nuclear Physics PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 43 To understand some key properties
More informationBasic science. Atomic structure. Electrons. The Rutherford-Bohr model of an atom. Electron shells. Types of Electrons. Describing an Atom
Basic science A knowledge of basic physics is essential to understanding how radiation originates and behaves. This chapter works through what an atom is; what keeps it stable vs. radioactive and unstable;
More informationAtomic and nuclear physics
Chapter 4 Atomic and nuclear physics INTRODUCTION: The technologies used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging have evolved over the last century, starting with Röntgen s discovery of X rays and Becquerel
More informationA Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions
Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 39, no. 1, March, 2009 55 A Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions S. Mohammadi Physics Department, Payame Noor University, Mashad 91735, IRAN (Received
More informationNuclear Physics and Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-30 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 5 - Quantum Statistics & Kinematics Nuclear Reaction Types Nuclear reactions are often written as: a+x Y+b for accelerated projectile a colliding
More informationChapter 21. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten
, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 21 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. The
More informationu d Fig. 6.1 (i) Identify the anti-proton from the table of particles shown in Fig [1]
1 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows the quark composition of some particles. proton neutron A B u u d u d d u d u u u u d Fig. 6.1 (i) Identify the anti-proton from the table of particles shown in Fig. 6.1. (ii) State
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 21 REVIEW Nuclear Chemistry SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Based on the information about the three elementary particles in the text, which has
More informationLecture PowerPoint. Chapter 31 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 31 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the
More informationMass number i. Example U (uranium 235) and U (uranium 238) atomic number e. Average atomic mass weighted of the isotopes of that element i.
CP NT Ch. 4&25 I. Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom a. Democritus all matter consists of very small, indivisible particles, which he named i. Atom smallest particle of an element that retains all
More informationAPEX CARE INSTITUTE FOR PG - TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Page 1 1. Within the nucleus, the charge distribution A) Is constant, but falls to zero sharply at the nuclear radius B) Increases linearly from the centre, but falls off exponentially at the surface C)
More informationUnified School District of De Pere Physics Benchmarks
Content Standards: A. Students will understand that among the science disciplines, there are unifying themes: systems, order, organization, and interactions; evidence, models, and explanations; constancy,
More informationChapter 10 - Nuclear Physics
The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem. It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one. -Albert Einstein David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 Ernest
More informationTHE NATURE OF THE ATOM. alpha particle source
chapter THE NATURE OF THE ATOM www.tutor-homework.com (for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes) Section 30.1 Rutherford Scattering and the Nuclear Atom 1. Which model of atomic structure
More informationCHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS
CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Background Charged Particles Heavy charged particles Charged particles with Mass > m e α, proton, deuteron, heavy ion (e.g., C +, Fe + ), fission fragment, muon, etc. α is
More informationUnits and Definition
RADIATION SOURCES Units and Definition Activity (Radioactivity) Definition Activity: Rate of decay (transformation or disintegration) is described by its activity Activity = number of atoms that decay
More informationFYS3510 Subatomic Physics. Exam 2016
FYS3510 Subatomic Physics VS 2015 Farid Ould-Saada Exam 2016 In addition to the items marked in blue, don t forget all examples and related material given in the slides, including the ones presented during
More informationChapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity 30.1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons Proton has positive charge: Neutron is electrically neutral: 30.1 Structure
More informationTHE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM Models of the atom positive charge uniformly distributed over a sphere J. J. Thomson model of the atom (1907) ~2x10-10 m plum-pudding model: positive charge
More informationRb, which had been compressed to a density of 1013
Modern Physics Study Questions for the Spring 2018 Departmental Exam December 3, 2017 1. An electron is initially at rest in a uniform electric field E in the negative y direction and a uniform magnetic
More informationLecture 14 Krane Enge Cohen Williams Nuclear Reactions Ch 11 Ch 13 Ch /2 7.5 Reaction dynamics /4 Reaction cross sections 11.
Lecture 14 Krane Enge Cohen Williams Nuclear Reactions Ch 11 Ch 13 Ch 13 7.1/2 7.5 Reaction dynamics 11.2 13.2 7.3/4 Reaction cross sections 11.4 2.10 Reaction theories compound nucleus 11.10 13.7 13.1-3
More information