ARO Basic Research for the Soldier

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1 ARO Basic Research for the Soldier Research Funding by State >$10M >$5M<$10M >$2M<$5M <$2M Dr. Stephen Lee Chief Scientist US Army Research Office US Army Research Laboratory Army Research Office Overview Research Funding by State >$15M >$8M<$15M >$2M<$8M <$2M 256 Institutes of Higher Learning 861 individual Investigators 47 Research Centers Research Thrusts Chemistry Computing & Info Electronics Environmental Life Mathematics Mechanics Network Nanoscience Utilize the vast intellectual capital of our nation s universities to: Exploit Scientific Opportunities for Revolutionary New Army Capabilities Drive to Develop Solutions to Existing Army Needs Accelerate Transition of Basic Research Strengthen University, Industry, Government Partnerships Educate and Train the Future S&E Workforce for the Army Research ranges from atom optics for underground bunker/tunnel detection to nano-energetics for more powerful and insensitive munitions and propellants Balanced Basic Research Portfolio Must Address Both Opportunity Driven Research and Need Driven Research Return on Investment (Understanding & Performance) Opportunity Driven Rsch Need Driven Research Investment ($, Time) Need Driven Research emphasis on improving specific capabilities or overcoming identified technology barriers Opportunity Driven Research - emphasis on developing and exploiting scientific breakthroughs to produce revolutionary new capabilities 1

2 Opportunity and Need Driven Examples Extrapolation of Existing Technologies (Need Driven) Incremental, Continued Improvement in Existing Technologies Often Driven or Enabled by Commercial Market CPU on a chip Inexpensive GPS May be a Disruptive (e.g. personal vs. mini computers) Revolutionary New Applications from Scientific Breakthroughs (Opportunity Driven) Utilizes Two Somewhat Distinct Mechanisms Fundamentally new approaches to solving old problems Fundamentally new capabilities Examples from Past Navigation - Satellites and atom clocks for GPS Range Finders and Target Designators - Lasers Examples for the Future Atom Optics for Jam-Proof Navigation Quantum Informatics for Computation, Secure Communication, Imaging Nano-energetics for propellants and explosives Micro-active flow control Basic Research s Critical Role None of the most important weapons transforming warfare in the 20th century - the airplane, tank, radar, jet engine, helicopter, electronic computer, not even the atomic bomb - owed its initial development to a Doctrinal Requirement or request of the military. John Chambers, ed., The Oxford Companion to American Military History (New York, Oxford University Press, 1999) p. 791 The details of this provocative quote can be debated; but it in any case, it is absolutely clear that RDEC and stakeholder input is critical for: Transitioning basic research Identifying needs-driven basic research And identifying revolutionary science/engineering ARO Strategic Goals & Objectives Exploit scientific opportunities for revolutionary new capabilities Apply science to generate solutions to existing needs Prevent technological surprises Accelerate the transition of research to application Honest Broker for the Army for objective assessments Leverage S&T of outside sources for Army benefit Strengthen university, in-house, industry partnerships Foster S&E training in disciplines critical to the Army Enhance outreach efforts for greater intellectual diversity 2

3 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Associate Director for Plans & Programs Dr. Reed Skaggs Director Mr. John Miller Military Deputy COL Bobby Smith Associate Director for & Dr. Volker Weiss Associate Director for Laboratory Operations Ms. Teresa Kines Deputy Director for Basic & Director ARO Dr. David Skatrud Sergeant Major Timothy Weatherspoon Vehicle Human Research & Engineering Survivability/ Computational & Lethality Analysis Information Sensors & Electron Devices Weapons & Research Army Research Office Information Physical Engineering Army Research Office Organization Director Chief Scientist Operations Directorate Physical Engineering Informational Support Management Mechanical Mathematical Information Management Chemistry Computational Acquisition Center Life Electronics Network ~ 100 employees at RTP 45 PhD Program Managers Environmental Outreach Programs Army Research Office Organization Physical Directorate Chemical Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Electrochemistry Polymer Chemistry Physical Chemistry Life Molecular Genetics Microbiology Biochemistry Neuroscience Optical & Imaging Atomic & Molecular Quantum Information Condensed Matter 3

4 Army Research Office Organization Engineering Directorate Electronics Solid State Devices Electromagnetics & RF Circuits Sensors & Detectors Optoelectronics Quantum Electromagnetic Devices Mechanical Fluid Dynamics Propulsion & Energetics Solid Mechanics Structures & Dynamics Mechanical Behavior of Synthesis & Processing of Physical Properties of Environmental Atmospheric Terrestrial Habitation Army Research Office Organization Information Directorate Mathematical Bio-Mathematics & Informatics Modeling of Complex Systems Probability & Statistics Cooperative Mathematics Computing Numerical Analysis Computational Architecture & Visualization Information Processing & Fusion Information & Software Assurance Network Intelligent Networks Decision & Neuro- Communications & Human Networks Multi-agent Network Control Integration & Outreach Youth Historically Black Colleges, Universities, and Minority Institutions Small Business Programs Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR) Small Business Transfer(STTR) University Basic Research Partnerships Single Investigator (SI) ~$110K/yr for 3 yr periods Continually open BAA Solicitation ~120 new grants/year All States, >240 Universities Battlefield Centers of Excellence Limited to HBCUs New competition in FY09 ~$200K per year Centers of Excellence Center Basic Research High-Performance Computing Center Basic Research Flexible Displays Center Applied Research No New COEs Planned CTAs $5 8M range 8 10 years in duration Consortia of academic and industrial concerns Potential New Areas: Robotics, Cognition and Neuroergonomics, and Network International Alliance (US/UK) - Industrial/Academic Consortium HBCU/MI ARO Core Grants Topics from ARO BAA ~110K/yr for 3 yr periods Engaging the Extramural Research Community to Focus on Army Problems STIR $50K Limit Short-term, proof-of-principle rsch Part of SI Continual BAA Solicitation DEPSCoR For states receiving least amt of federal funds 3 year support Annual BAA Solicitation MURIs ~$1.25M per year 3 year period 10 new initiatives annually Annual BAA Solicitation UARCs 4 consortia (ISN, ICB, ICT, IAT) 5 year efforts ~$5 10M per year No new UARCs anticipated SBIR/STTR Small Business Research Phase I and Phase II efforts for more information 4

5 Strategy Development Cycle Requirements Generation TRADOC Army S&T Master Plan ARL Strategy Planning Workshops Army Advisory Boards Army S&E Army Operational Needs Program Assessment Formal external feedback, BOV,TARA,TAB Army Relevant Scientific Opportunities Research Strategy Planning Workshops, conferences, discussions with PIs, literature, PCOG Topic Formation Combine Army impact and scientific opportunity Proposal Solicitation it ti BAA whitepapers informal discussions Proposal Evaluation Army S&E and peer review Program Selection on quality and relevance Execution SL/SC participation; collaboration Proposal Evaluation and Selection PM interactions with potential PIs Evaluate fit to program goals and quality of proposal Development of Ideas White Papers Receive Proposals Funding decision is based on balancing needs and opportunities, program portfolio, Army objectives Peer Review Evaluate scientific merit Scores/comments of Army and external reviewers are Analysis of Evaluations assessed Army Lab/RDEC Review Evaluate technical merit, Army relevance, desired participation: SL/SC PM Recommendation Management Assessment ARL Basic Research Portfolio From Ideas to Single Investigator Program $63M University Research Initiative $75M University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs) $34M University Centers of Excellence $26M Collaborative Alliances $48M Complementary Programs Cohesively Managed 5

6 ARO Funded Nobel Laureates Major impact on national defense and civilian economy COMMS FIBER OPTICS SMART MUNITIONS MRI, SURGERY CDS.. SUPERCONDUCTERS ELECTRON DEVICES Nobel Laureate Examples: Superconductors Solid State Electronics Smart Munitions Laser Range Finder Target Designation Fiber Optics GPS John Bardeen, Leon Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer Superconductivity 1972 Leo Esaki Superlattices 1973 Charles H. Townes Lasers 1964 Brian D. Josephson Josephson Junction 1973 W. M. Lipscomb Borane Compounds 1976 Herbert C. Brown Boron and Phosphorous Compounds 1979 SEMICONDUCTORS OPTOELECTRONICS SENSORS COMPUTERS TARGET DESIGNATION AND ILLUMINATION RANGE FINDERS EYE PROTECTION REMOTE SENSING Arthur Schalow Solid State Laser Hans Dehmelt 1981 Ion Trap N. Bloembergen Non-linear Optics 1981 HIGH ENERGY ROCKET AND MISSILE PROPELLANTS ENERGY STORAGE DISPLAYS PROTECTIVE MATERIALS HI- PERFORMANCE ELECTRONICS Richard Smalley Robert F. Curl Buckminster Fullerene 1996 HI-PRECISION TIMING & POSITION LOCATION Daniel Tsui Quantum Fluid 1998 Alan Heeger Conductive Herbert Kroemer Polymers Semiconductor 2000 Heterostructures Cornell, Wieman, Ketterle 2000 Bose-Einstein Condensation 2001 ROOM TEMP NIGHT VISION HI-PERFORMANCE INFO PROCESSING SEMICONDUCTOR LASER, NANOELECTRONICS, OEICS Linda Buck Olfaction ID 2004 ATOM OPTICS Army Research Office Questions? 6