INVESTIGATION OF REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS UNITS BY MULTIPHYSICAL MODELLING
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1 INVESTIGATION OF REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS UNITS BY MULTIPHYSICAL MODELLING G. Battaglia, L. Gurreri, F. Santr, A. Cipllina, A. Tamburini, G. Micale, M. Cifal Scula Plitecnica Dipartiment dell innvazine Industriale e digitale (DIID) Ingegneria Chimica, Gestinale, Infrmatica e Meccanica, viale delle Scienze (Ed.6), Palerm, Italy
2 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS RED STACK 2. MODELLING COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN MODEL EQUATIONS BOUNDARY CONDITIONS GEOMETRIES 3. RESULTS FLUID DYNAMICS ELECTROCHEMICAL TRASPORT PHENOMENA SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 4. CONCLUSIONS
3 REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS Dilute slutin Reverse electrdialysis (RED) is a technlgy t prduce electrical energy frm the salinity difference between tw salt slutins.
4 RED STACK Reverse electrdialysis uses inexchange membranes. These present fixed charges in their plymeric structure that allws selectivity transprt f ins with ppsite charge thrugh the membranes.
5 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
6 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
7 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
8 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
9 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
10 RED STACK Cnsists f: Cncentrate flw cmpartment Dilute flw cmpartment Redx slutins cmpartment Aninic exchange membrane Catinic exchange membrane
11 RED STACK CELL PAIR River Water
12 RED STACK MODELLING
13 COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN CELL PAIR 2-D simulatins CONCETRATE CHANNEL DILUTE CHANNEL Cnsists f: Half aninic membrane Cncentrate flw cmpartment Catinic membrane 1.2 mm Dilute flw cmpartment Half aninic membrane Cell pair f 1.2 mm instead f 10 cm Pure NaCl slutins mm
14 MODEL EQUATIONS Cntinuum equatin: Navier-Stkes: ρ (u) = 0 Current density: i = F z i D i c i z i u mi Fc i Φ i ρ δu δt + ρ u u = [ pi + µ u + u T +F Nernst-Plank : Dnnan Ptential: Φ Dnnan = Φ Membrane Φ Slutin = RT ZF ln a slutin a membrane N i = D i c i z i u mi Fc i Φ i + uc i Absrptin equilibrium at slutin-membrane interface: Electr-neutrality: z i c i = 0 C C in,mem = C fix,mem + 4C cunter in,slu C C in,slu C fix,mem + αc fix,mem
15 EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT Cell pair electric ptential: E cp = Φ AEM_right Φ AEM_left External current: Stack electric ptential: Ttal cell pair resistance: Grss pwer density: Pumping pwer density: Net pwer density: I = N E cp (R blanck +R ext ) E stack = IR ext R cp = (E OCV,cp E cp ) I P Grss = E stack j P pump = (ΔP dil Q dil +ΔP cnc Q cnc ) A membrane P Net = P Grss P Pump A=9.6*9.6 cm 2 and N=10
16 P=1atm BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Outlet Pressure
17 P=1atm BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Outlet Pressure Inlet Velcity v=0.3-5 cm/s
18 P=1atm BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Outlet Pressure Inlet Velcity N slip cnditin at membranes surfaces v=0.3-5 cm/s
19 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS P=1atm c AEM,left =c AEM,right Outlet Pressure Peridic cncentratin at external bundaries f dmain Inlet Velcity Current density at external bundaries f dmain N slip cnditin at membranes surfaces v=0.3-5 cm/s i left =i right
20 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS P=1atm c AEM,left =c AEM,right Outlet Pressure Peridic cncentratin at external bundaries f dmain Inlet Velcity N slip cnditin at membranes surfaces Current density at external bundaries f dmain Absrptin equilibrium, Dnnan ptential and cntinuity f current density at slutins-membranes interfaces Absrptin equilibrium Dnnan Current density v=0.3-5 cm/s i left =i right
21 GEOMETRIES Empty channel Nn cnductive rund spacers Nn cnductive square spacers Prfiled Membranes
22 GEOMETRIES Empty channel Nn cnductive rund spacers Nn cnductive square spacers Prfiled Membranes
23 RESULTS
24 VELOCITY MAPS Velcity maps: Parablic prfile in empty channel Dead pcket
25 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL CONCETRATE CHANNEL DILUTE CHANNEL ELECTRIC POTENTIAL: OPEN CIRCUIT MAX GROSS POWER DENSITY SHORTCUT AEM Cncentrate Ch. CEM Diluate Ch. AEM C_cn_4M and C_dil_0.5M
26 CONCENTRATION PROFILES CONCETRATE CHANNEL DILUTE CHANNEL Cncentratin Plarisatin AEM Cncentrate Ch. CEM Diluate Ch. AEM
27 CONCENTRATION PROFILES CONCETRATE CHANNEL DILUTE CHANNEL Cncentratin prfiles in membranes AEM Cncentrate Ch. CEM Diluate Ch. AEM
28 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M A sensitivity analysis was perfrmed in rder t investigate the prduced Net Pwer Density studying: Previusly presented gemetries f cell pair: Velcity f slutins between cm/s Five dilute slutins: - 0.5M - 0.1M M M M
29 Cnductivity [S/m] SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M 7 Cnductivity [S/m] Less cncentrated dilute slutins have less cnductivity Membranes have higher cnductivy than dilute slutins at M C_dil_0.005M C_dil_0.01M C_dil_0.05M C_dil_0.1M C_dil_0.5M 1 0 Diluite Diluit AEM CEM
30 CURRENT DENSITY MAPS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M C_dil_0.5M C_dil_0.1M As dilute cncentratin decreases, the current density flws preferentially thrugh membrane prfiles instead f flwing thrugh the slutin, due t their higher cnductivity. C_dil_0.05M C_dil_0.01M
31 Resistance [Ω] SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M Resistance At C_dil_0.01M and C_dil_0.005M prfiled membranes give the lwest resistance At higher cncentratins the empty channel gives the lwest resistance Nn cnductive spacers give always the highest resistance C_dil_0.005M C_dil_0.01M C_dil_0.05M C_dil_0.1M C_dil_0.5M
![Net Pwer Density [W/m 2 ] SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M Net Pwer Density 4.5 The prfiled membrane gives the highest net pwer density with a value f 4.](/docs-images/82/85156480/images/32-2.jpg "38 W/m 2 at dilute slutin f 0.01M Empty channel gives higher pwer density fr all ther mre cncentrated diluite slutins 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 C_dil_0.005M C_dil_0.")
32 Net Pwer Density [W/m 2 ] SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS C_CON=4M Net Pwer Density 4.5 The prfiled membrane gives the highest net pwer density with a value f 4.38 W/m 2 at dilute slutin f 0.01M Empty channel gives higher pwer density fr all ther mre cncentrated diluite slutins C_dil_0.005M C_dil_0.01M C_dil_0.05M C_dil_0.1M C_dil_0.5M
33 Cnclusins The mdel allws: t analyze stacks with different cnfiguratins; t study different electric current cnditins; t describe the cncentratin prfiles in the membranes. The mdel has shwn that prfiled membranes less resistive than diluite slutin are able t increase Net pwer density f RED Units. 4M-0.01M slutins, with prfiled membranes, give the highest net pwer density with a value f 4.38W/m 2. Even if C_dil_0.005M gives the highest driving frce t the prcess, its high dilute slutin resistance gives rise t high hmic lsses with less Net pwer Density prductin.
34 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Giuseppe Battaglia PhD Student
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