Fundamental Measurements ASSIGNMENT. 1. Fill in the blank spaces using correct words from the list given below : EDULABZ

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1 Fundamental Measurements ASSIGNMENT 1. Fill in the blank spaces using correct words from the list given below : List : outstretched palm, events, temperature, distance, degree, mass, matter, length, hundred, thermometer, cubit, yard, foot, time. (i) Length is the measure of... between two points. (ii) Mass is the quantity of... in a given body. (iii) Time is the gap between the two.... (iv) Temperature is the... of hotness or coldness of a body. (v) The SI unit of... is kilogram. (vi) The SI unit of... is kelvin. (vii) The SI unit of... is metre. (viii) The SI unit of... is second. (ix) Clinical... measures temperature of human body. (x) One metre is equal to... centimetres. (xi) Average length of... is between 80 cm to 90 cm. (xii) Average length of... is between 20 cm to 27 cm. (xiii) Average length of... is between 18 cm to 21 cm. (xiv) Average length of... is between 40 cm to 50 cm. 2. Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct statements. (i) One centimetre is equal to hundred metres. (ii) The distance between two cities is measured in centimetres. (iii) The boiling point of pure water is 100 K. (iv) The normal temperature of human body is 98.6 C. (v) Twelve hour clock is used by railways for time table. (vi) The SI unit of time is solar day. (vii) One tonne is equal to 100 quintals. 1

2 (viii) Sundials can give time during day and night. (ix) Angstrom unit is used to measure diameter of a rubber ball. (x) A pendulum of length 80 cm completes one oscillation in two seconds. (xi) The diameter of molecule is measured in millimetres. 3. Write true or false in front of the statements given below : (i) Measurement of a physical quantity means comparing it with known standard quantity. (ii) Standard unit of physical quantity does not change with place or time. (iii) The SI unit of length is centimetre. (iv) The SI unit of time is solar day. (v) Water clocks were used to record time. (vi) A quintal is a multiple of kilogram. (vii) Celsius is the SI unit of temperature. (viii) Normal temperature of human body is 37 K. (ix) Estimation is the quick judgement of the measure of a physical quantity. (x) The SI unit of length is metre and its symbol is m. 4. Tick ( ) the most appropriate answer (i) The SI unit for time is : (a) solar day (c) second (ii) The SI unit for mass is : (a) quintal (c) gram (iii) The SI unit for length is : (a) kilometre (c) centimetre (iv) The SI unit for temperature is : (a) celsius (c) fahrenheit (b) hour (d) minute (b) kilogram (d) milligram (b) millimetre (d) metre (b) kelvin (d) none of these (v) Correct unit for finding diameter of an atom is : (a) Å (b) cm (c) m (d) mm 2

3 (vi) The tool used for measuring temperature is : (a) barometer (b) thermometer (c) voltmeter (d) galvanometer (vii) The melting point of pure ice is : (a) 273 K (b) Zero K (c) 200 K (d) 300 K (viii) The device used for measuring time in 100 m race is : (a) wristwatch (b) clock (c) stopwatch (d) pendulum clock (ix) The gap between two events is known as : (a) distance (b) speed (c) time (d) mass (x) One metre is equal to : (a) 1 million millimetre (b) one thousand millimetre (c) 100 millimetre (d) one thousand centimetre (xi) The distance between two points is : (a) time (b) length (c) temperature (d) volume (xii) One millimetre is equal to : (a) 10 9 m (b) 10 6 m (c) 10 3 m (d) 10 6 m (xiii) The normal temperature of human body, is : (a) 37 K (b) 37 K (c) 33 C (d) 98.6 C (xiv) The amount of matter present in a body, is called : (a) mass (b) weight (c) force (d) pressure (xv) Stopwatch is used for recording time for : (a) athletic races (b) age of a person (c) time of the day (d) none of these 5. Find odd one out. Give a reason for your choice. (i) milligram, gram, kilogram, millimetre. (ii) year, decade, solar day, light year. (iii) Angstrom, mirror, millimetre, milligram. 6. Why do we need standard units for measurement? 7. What do you understand by the term Standard International system of measurement? 3

4 8. (i) Name the fundamental unit of length in Standard International system. (ii) Name two sub-multiples of fundamental unit of length, and state their numerical values. (iii) Name one multiple of fundamental unit of length and state its numerical value The above figure shows a small pencil placed along a centimetre scale. The length is measured by keeping the eye in position P, Q and R respectively. (i) Record the reading, when eye is in the position of : (a) P (b) Q (c) R (ii) Which of the above readings is correct and why? A thin copper wire is wound on a wooden cylinder AB very tightly. The length X of copper wire between A and B is measured by centimetre scale as shown in the above figure. If the number of turns on the coil is 60, find the thickness of copper wire in mm. 4

5 11. Measure the width of each of the figures A, B, C and D in millimetres. (i) Width of figure A is (ii) Width of figure B is (iii) Width of figure C is (iv) Width of figure D is 12. Fill in the blank spaces : (i) 1 metre =... cm. (ii) 1 metre =... mm. (iii) 1 kilometre =... m. (iv) 1 kilometre =... cm. (v) 1 cm =... mm. (vi) 1 kilometre =... mm. 13. (i) Study carefully the example given below and fill in the blank spaces : (a) 4 m and 78 cm = (4 100 cm) + 78 cm = 400 cm + 78 cm = 478 cm. (b) 12 cm and 8 mm = (......) +... = =... mm. (c) 6 km and 96 m = (......) +... = =... m. (ii) Study carefully the example given below and fill in the blank spaces : (a) 7643 m = 7000 m m = 7 km and 643 m. (b) 279 cm = =... m and... cm. (c) 265 mm = =... cm and... mm. 5

6 14. The above figure shows some marbles placed side by side, such that their total thickness is 12 cm. Find the diameter of one marble in centimetres, correct to one decimal place. 15. Of the following units, which is most convenient for describing lengths listed in Column A. Write down your answer in Column B. millimetres, centimetres, metres, kilometres. 16. Column A Column B (i) Thickness of a thin strip of cardboard. (i)... (ii) Distance from Mumbai to Kolkata. (ii)... (iii) Length of football ground. (iii)... (iv) Length of writing pencil. (iv)... An iron ball is placed between two wooden blocks along a centimetre scale as shown in diagram. (i) What is the reading on metre scale at A? (ii) What is the reading on metre scale at B? (iii) Calculate the diameter of iron ball from above readings. 17. Fig. given below shows a curved line. Find the length of the line by using a cotton thread, common pins and a centimetre scale, correct to 1 decimal place in centimetre. 6

7 The length of curved line = length of cotton thread =... cm. 18. (i) What do you understand by the term mass? (ii) Name the fundamental unit of mass in SI system. (iii) Name two sub-multiples of fundamental unit of mass and state their numerical values. (iv) Name two multiples of fundamental unit of mass and state their numerical values. 19. Name the device used for measuring the mass of : (i) Gold (ii) Coal 20. Fill in the blank spaces : (i) 1 kilogram =... g. (ii) 1 kilogram =... mg. (iii) 1 quintal =... kg. (iv) 1 tonne =... quintals. (v) 1 tonne =... kg. 21. Study the first example carefully and fill up the following blank spaces : (i) 8 g and 240 mg (ii) 5 quintals + 80 kg (iii) 4 tonnes + 75 kg = (8 1000) mg mg = 8000 mg mg = 8240 mg. = (......) +... = =... kg. = (......) +... = =... kg. (iv) 13 kg g = (......) +... = =... g. 22. Study the first example carefully and fill up the following blank spaces : (i) 7529 mg = 7000 mg mg = mg mg = 7 g and 529 mg. (ii) 272 kg = = =... quintals and... kg. 7

8 (iii) 7029 kg = = =... tonnes and... kg. (iv) 1259 g = = =... kg and... g. (v) 1564 m =... m +... m =... km and...m (vi) 4537 mg =... mg +... mg =... g and... mg 23. Study the first example and then complete the following table : (i) 1 hour and 30 minutes = 60 minutes + 30 minutes = 90 minutes (ii) 8 cm and 7 mm = =... mm (iii) 12 m and 78 cm = =... cm (iv) 5 g and 423 mg = =... mg (v) 8 solar day + 5 hours = =... hours 24. In what units will you express the following? (i) Distance from Amritsar to New Delhi. (ii) Length of a piece of cloth. (iii) The thickness of a greeting card. (iv) The length of a matchbox. (v) The age of your father. (vi) The time in which 100 metre race finishes. (vii) The speed of your motor bike. (viii) The time in which mid-term examination finishes. (ix) (x) (xi) The time taken to brush your teeth. Duration of summer vacation. Weighing a loaded truck. 8

9 25. Amongst the following units, which is the most convenient for describing the masses stated in Column A. Write down your answer in Column B : gram, kilogram, milligram, quintal and tonne. Column A Column B (i) Mass of a common pin. (i)... (ii) Mass of a soap cake. (ii)... (iii) Mass of your body. (iii)... (iv) Mass of large drum filled with oil. (iv)... (v) Mass of a ship. (v) (i) What do you understand by the term time? (ii) Name the earliest unit in which the time was measured. (iii) Name some ancient devices used for measuring time. 27. (i) What is a solar day? (ii) Why is a solar day not a convenient unit of time? (iii) What is a mean solar day? 28. (i) Name the SI unit of time. (ii) How many above units are equal to one mean solar day? 29. Fill in the blank spaces : (i) 1 minute =... seconds. (ii) 1 hour =... minutes. (iii) 1 hour =... seconds. (iv) 1 day =... hours. (v) 1 year =... days. 30. (i) What is a 24 hour clock? (ii) Name two organisations which use the above clock. 9

10 (iii) Time on 24 hour clock is (a) 09 h - 42 min (b) 22 h - 37 min. Express the above time on 12 hour clock. 31. A pendulum is made by suspending a brass bob with thin, but strong string, such that the length of pendulum is 1 m. It is allowed to swing freely. (i) In how many seconds, it will complete one oscillation? (ii) If an event takes place when this pendulum makes 17 complete oscillations, in how much time in seconds, the event takes place. 32. (i) What is a sundial? (ii) Name two places in India, where sundials exist. (iii) Who built sundials in India? (iv) Name one disadvantage of a sundial. 33. Convert the following units of time : (i) 24 minutes into seconds. (ii) 2 hours and 32 minutes into seconds. (iii) 1 day, 14 hours, 6 minutes and 45 seconds into seconds. (iv) 8 days and 8 hours into minutes. 34. Amongst the following units, which is the most convenient for describing the time listed in Column A. Write down your answers in Column B : seconds, hours, days, months, years. Column A Column B (i) Age of your mother. (i)... (ii) Time in which wheat crop ripens. (ii)... (iii) Duration of a hockey match. (iii).... (iv) Duration of your easter holidays. (iv).... (v) Time in which stone falls from high building. (v) (i) What do you understand by the term temperature? (ii) Name the device used for measuring temperature. 10

11 (iii) Name the scale in which temperature is commonly measured. (iv) State the temperature of : (a) Pure melting ice. (b) Pure boiling water. 36. (i) State the SI unit of temperature. (ii) What is the magnitude of temperature on SI scale, for : (a) Lower standard point of celsius thermometer? (b) Upper standard point of celsius thermometer? (iii) The room temperature is 303 K in SI system. What is the magnitude of temperature in degree celsius? 37. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of clinical thermometer. 38. (i) What is clinical thermometer? (ii) Why is this thermometer marked between 35 C and 43 C? (iii) What is the normal temperature of the human body? (iv) What conclusions can be drawn, if the temperature of a patient is : (a) 38.9 C (b) 35.8 C 11