CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY Hydrologic Science and Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Fort Collins, CO (970)

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1 CVE322 BASC HYDROLOGY Hydrologic Scic ad Egirig Civil ad Evirotal Egirig Dpartt Fort Collis, CO ( MDERM EXAM 1 NO. 1 Moday, Octobr 3, :00-8:50 AM Haod Auditoriu You ay ot cosult ay books, ots, or iaiat rfrcs. You ay ot cosult with aothr prso. You ay ot copy aothr studt s solutios. h work that you tur i ust b your ow work ad b a host rprstatio of your udrstadig of th subjct attr. PROBLEM 1 Dfi, list, aswr, ad/or xplai th followig: a Dfi th hydrologic cycl ad its ai copots. b Dfi partial prssur ad prcipitabl watr. c Dfi itrcptio ad dprssio storag. d Dfi ffctiv prcipitatio. PROBLEM 2 h prcipitatio obsrvatio twork of a giv basi is coposd of 3 gaugs. h followig total prcipitatio aouts wr obsrvd at two of th thr gaugig statios i this basi for a stor of 12 hours duratio. Gaug Stor Prcipitatio (c Distac to Gaug X (k Gaug Ara of fluc (k 2 A B X a b c Us th vrs Distac Squard (DW thod to stiat th prcipitatio aout for statio X. Us th hiss polygos thod to dtri th a aral prcipitatio ovr th tir basi. Obsrv that you d to kow th prcipitatio at statio X for this. Dtri th total volu of watr dpositd by this stor o this basi. PROBLEM 3 A ass of oist air of dpth 2000 has th followig costat proprtis: tpratur of 290 K, prssur of 100,000 Pa, a watr vapor prssur of Pa, ad a ixig ratio of w Coput th followig quatitis for this air ass: a dry air dsity; b oist air dsity; c absolut huidity; d prcipitabl watr i both uits of ass pr uit ara ad volu pr uit ara. PROBLEM 4 A giv prcipitatio vt fallig o th Egirig parkig lot has a aual probability of xcdac of 0.2. a What is th avrag ubr of yars btw occurrcs of such a vt? b f th swr syst of th lot has a dsig lif of 10 yars, what is th risk of failur ovr th dsig lif of th swr syst corrspodig to this vt? 1 Hoor Pldg: pldg that hav ot giv, rcivd, or usd ay uauthorizd assistac.

2 Hydrologic Budgt Equatios O ds dt S 2 t 2 ds dt O dt t 2 S 1 t 1 t 1 CVE322 BASC HYDROLOGY ρ Saturatio vapor prssur Hydrologic Scic ad Egirig Civil ad Evirotal Egirig Dpartt Fort Collis, CO ( p ( p s ( 611xp[ L v ( ] ΔS s P + R 1 R 2 + R g E s s ΔS g + G 1 G 2 R g E g g ΔS P + R 1 R 2 + G 1 G 2 (E s + E g ( s + g ΔS P R G E R R 2 R 1 G G 2 G 1 E E s + E g s + g Prcipitatio - Atosphric Moistur dal Gas Law otal prssur p d ρ d ρ v p p d + Hydrostatic quatio - Prssur distributio dp dz ρg; p(z gρ(z dz pratur distributio (z (z o Γ ab (z z o (z p[ (z] p[ (z o ] (z o Dsity of oist air z g Γ ab Liquid watr dsity Costats ρ w 1000 kg c p 1004 c pw 4186 L kg 2.5E06 kg ε Masurs of watr vapor cott Absolut Huidity Mixig ratio w v d ρ v ρ v ρ d ε p ε p 1 org A Raírz

3 Spcific huidity v ρ v ε d + v ρ p Rlativ huidity Prcipitabl watr W 0 r.h. s ( ρ v (zdz 1 g W ρ v (zdz (zρ (zdz 1 g z o 0 z o 0 Prcipitatio Data Aalysis Arithtic Avrag thod p( p(z0 p( p(z o 0 (pdp (pdp 1 g MAP ; 1 hiss Polygos thod sohytal thod MAP ; A i A MAP A i,i+1 A ; DW trpolatio thod Risk Aalysis P x 1 / d 2 ix j / d jx Probability of xcdac i 1 yar: p p Pr[X x] x f X (xdx N,i Δp Risk of failur i 1 yar: p 1 rak +1 R 1 p 1 Risk of failur i yars: R 1 (1 p 1 (1 1 tsity-duratio-frqucy Gubl yp G(x;µ,β 1 x µ x µ β β β X X + K S X 1 S 1 1 x i (x i X 2 K 6 π [ l(l( 1 ] trcptio ad Dprssio Storag trcptio L i P S + KEt Dprssio storag if P S othrwis L i S(1 P /S + KEt V S d (1 P /S d Rat of dprssio storag v P /S d (i f Surfac ruoff rat σ i f v σ i f 1 kp 1 P /S d 2 org A Raírz

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ε = R d ρ v ρ d ρ m CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY I O = ds dt e s ( 1 T )] (T ) = 611exp[ L R v = = P + R 1 ΔS s + R g R 2 T s I E s

ε = R d ρ v ρ d ρ m CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY I O = ds dt e s ( 1 T )] (T ) = 611exp[ L R v = = P + R 1 ΔS s + R g R 2 T s I E s CVE3 BSC HYDROOGY Hydrlgc Scc ad Egrg Cvl ad Evrmal Egrg Dparm Fr Clls, CO 853-37 Fall (97 49-76 Hydrlgc Budg Equas O ds d S ds d O d S ΔS s P + R R + R g E s s Saura vapr prssur s ( 6xp[ ( 73.5 ] ε.6