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2 For copies of this Booklet and of the full Review to be sent to addresses in the Americas, Australasia, or the Far East, visit or write to Particle Data Group MS 50R6008 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA , USA From all other areas, visit or write to CERN Scientific Information Service CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland To make comments or corrections, send to We acknowledge all via . No reply indicates nonreceipt. Please try again. Visit our WWW site: The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, the Division of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC02 05CH11231; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Agreement No. PHY ; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).

3 1 PARTICLE PHYSICS BOOKLET Extracted from the Review of Particle Physics C. Amsler et al., Physics Letters B667, 1 (2008) (next edition: July 2010) Particle Data Group C. Amsler, M. Doser, M. Antonelli, D.M. Asner, K.S. Babu, H. Baer, H.R. Band, R.M. Barnett, E. Bergren, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, W. Bertl, H. Bichsel, O. Biebel, P. Bloch, E. Blucher, S. Blusk, R.N. Cahn, M. Carena, C. Caso, A. Ceccucci, D. Chakraborty, M.-C. Chen, R.S. Chivukula, G. Cowan, O. Dahl, G. D Ambrosio, T. Damour, A. de Gouvêa, T. DeGrand, B. Dobrescu, M. Drees, D.A. Edwards, S. Eidelman, V.D. Elvira, J. Erler, V.V. Ezhela, J.L. Feng, W. Fetscher, B.D. Fields, B. Foster, T.K. Gaisser, L. Garren, H.-J. Gerber, G. Gerbier, T. Gherghetta, G.F. Giudice, M. Goodman, C. Grab, A.V. Gritsan, J.-F. Grivaz, D.E. Groom, M. Grünewald, A. Gurtu, T. Gutsche, H.E. Haber, K. Hagiwara, C. Hagmann, K.G. Hayes, J.J. Hernández-Rey, K. Hikasa, I. Hinchliffe, A. Höcker, J. Huston, P. Igo-Kemenes, J.D. Jackson, K.F. Johnson, T. Junk, D. Karlen, B. Kayser, D. Kirkby, S.R. Klein, I.G. Knowles, C. Kolda, R.V. Kowalewski, P. Kreitz, B. Krusche, Yu.V. Kuyanov, Y. Kwon, O. Lahav, P. Langacker, A. Liddle, Z. Ligeti, C.-J. Lin, T.M. Liss, L. Littenberg, J.C. Liu, K.S. Lugovsky, S.B. Lugovsky, H. Mahlke, M.L. Mangano, T. Mannel, A.V. Manohar, W.J. Marciano, A.D. Martin, A. Masoni, D. Milstead, R. Miquel, K. Mönig, H. Murayama, K. Nakamura, M. Narain, P. Nason, S. Navas, P. Nevski, Y. Nir, K.A. Olive, L. Pape, C. Patrignani, J.A. Peacock, A. Piepke, G. Punzi, A. Quadt, S. Raby, G. Raffelt, B.N. Ratcliff, B. Renk, P. Richardson, S. Roesler, S. Rolli, A. Romaniouk, L.J. Rosenberg, J.L. Rosner, C.T. Sachrajda, Y. Sakai, S. Sarkar, F. Sauli, O. Schneider, D. Scott, W.G. Seligman, M.H. Shaevitz, T. Sjöstrand, J.G. Smith, G.F. Smoot, S. Spanier, H. Spieler, A. Stahl, T. Stanev, S.L. Stone, T. Sumiyoshi, M. Tanabashi, J. Terning, M. Titov, N.P. Tkachenko, N.A. Törnqvist, D. Tovey, G.H. Trilling, T.G. Trippe, G. Valencia, K. van Bibber, M.G. Vincter, P. Vogel, D.R. Ward, T. Watari, B.R. Webber, G. Weiglein, J.D. Wells, M. Whalley, A. Wheeler, C.G. Wohl, L. Wolfenstein, J. Womersley, C.L. Woody, R.L. Workman, A. Yamamoto, W.-M. Yao, O.V. Zenin, J. Zhang, R.-Y. Zhu, P.A. Zyla Technical Associates: G. Harper, V.S. Lugovsky, P. Schaffner The full Review lists all the data, with references, used in obtaining the values given in the Particle Summary Tables. It also contains much additional information. Some of the material that does appear in this Booklet is only an abbreviated version of what appears in the full Review.

4 2 PARTICLE PHYSICS BOOKLET TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Physical constants (rev.) Astrophysical constants (rev.) Summary Tables of Particle Physics Gauge and Higgs bosons Leptons Quarks Mesons Baryons Searches Tests of conservation laws Reviews, Tables, and Plots 9. Quantum chromodynamics Electroweak model and constraints on new physics (rev.) Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix (rev.) CP violation (rev.) Neutrino Mass, Mixing and Flavor Change (rev.) Quark model (rev.) Structure functions (rev.) Big-bang cosmology (rev.) The Cosmological Parameters (rev.) Dark matter (rev.) Cosmic Microwave Background (rev.) Cosmic rays (new) Accelerator physics of colliders High-energy collider parameters (rev.) Passage of particles through matter (rev.) Particle detectors (rev.) Radioactivity and radiation protection (rev.) Commonly used radioactive sources Probability (rev.) Statistics (rev.) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, spherical harmonics, and d functions Kinematics (rev.) Cross-section formulae for specific processes (rev.) Plots of cross sections and related quantities (rev.) Atomic and nuclear properties of materials (rev.) Periodic table of the elements (rev.)... inside back cover Abridged from the full Review of Particle Physics.

5 3 The following are found only in the full Review and on the Web: 3. International System of Units (SI) 5. Electronic structure of the elements 7. Electromagnetic relations 8. Naming scheme for hadrons 15. Grand Unified Theories 17. Fragmentation functions in e + e annihilation and lepton-nucleon DIS (rev.) 18. Experimental tests of gravitational theory (rev.) 20. Big-bang nucleosynthesis (rev.) 33. Monte Carlo techniques (rev.) 34. Monte Carlo particle numbering scheme (rev.) 36. SU(3) isoscalar factors and representation matrices 37. SU(n) multiplets and Young diagrams

6 4 1. Physical constants Table 1.1. Reviewed 2007 by P.J. Mohr and B.N. Taylor (NIST). The set of constants excluding the last group (which come from the Particle Data Group) is recommended by CODATA 06 for international use. The 1-σ uncertainties in the last digits are given in parentheses after the values. See P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, and D.B. Newell, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2008) 633, and Quantity Symbol, equation Value Uncertainty (ppb) speed of light in vacuum c m s 1 exact Planck constant h (33) Js 50 Planck constant, reduced h/2π (53) Js 50 = (16) MeV s 25 electron charge magnitude e (40) C = (12) esu 25, 25 conversion constant c (49) MeV fm 25 conversion constant ( c) (19) GeV 2 mbarn 50 electron mass me (13) MeV/c 2 = (45) kg 25, 50 proton mass mp (23) MeV/c 2 = (83) kg 25, 50 = (10) u = (80) me 0.10, 0.43 deuteron mass m d (47) MeV/c 2 25 unified atomic mass unit (u) (mass 12 C atom)/12 = (1 g)/(n A mol) (23) MeV/c 2 = (83) kg 25, 50 permittivity of free space ɛ0 =1/µ0c Fm 1 exact permeability of free space µ0 4π 10 7 NA 2 = NA 2 exact fine-structure constant α = e 2 /4πɛ0 c (50) 10 3 =1/ (94) 0.68, 0.68 classical electron radius re = e 2 /4πɛ0mec (58) m 2.1 (e Compton wavelength)/2π λe = /mec = reα (53) m 1.4 Bohr radius (m nucleus = ) a =4πɛ0 2 /mee 2 = reα (36) m 0.68 wavelength of 1 ev/c particle hc/(1 ev) (31) 10 6 m 25 Rydberg energy hcr = mee 4 /2(4πɛ0) 2 2 = mec 2 α 2 / (34) ev 25 Thomson cross section σ T =8πr e 2 / (27) barn 4.1

7 1. Physical constants 5 Bohr magneton µ B = e /2me (79) MeV T nuclear magneton µ N = e /2mp (45) MeV T electron cyclotron freq./field ω cycl e /B = e/m e (44) rad s 1 T 1 25 proton cyclotron freq./field ω p cycl /B = e/m p (24) 10 7 rad s 1 T 1 25 gravitational constant G N (67) m 3 kg 1 s = (67) c (GeV/c 2 ) standard gravitational accel. g N m s 2 exact Avogadro constant N A (30) mol 1 50 Boltzmann constant k (24) JK = (15) 10 5 ev K molar volume, ideal gas at STP N A k( K)/( Pa) (39) 10 3 m 3 mol Wien displacement law constant b = λmaxt (51) 10 3 m K 1700 Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ = π 2 k 4 /60 3 c (40) 10 8 Wm 2 K Fermi coupling constant G F /( c) (1) 10 5 GeV weak-mixing angle sin 2 θ(m Z )(MS) (14) W ± boson mass (25) GeV/c mw Z 0 boson mass m (21) GeV/c Z strong coupling constant αs(mz) (20) π = e = γ = in m 1 Å 0.1 nm 1barn m 2 1G 10 4 T 1dyne 10 5 N 1erg 10 7 J 1eV= (40) J kt at 300 K = [ (68)] 1 ev 1eV/c 2 = (44) kg 0 C K esu = 1 C 1 atmosphere 760 Torr Pa The meter is the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/ of a second. At Q 2 =0. AtQ 2 m 2 W the value is 1/128. Absolute lab measurements of GN have been made only on scales of about 1 cm to 1 m. See the discussion in Sec. 10, Electroweak model and constraints on new physics. The corresponding sin 2 θ for the effective angle is (13).

8 6 2. Astrophysical constants 2. ASTROPHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND PARAMETERS Table 2.1. Revised May 2008 by E. Bergren and D.E. Groom (LBNL). Figures in parentheses give 1-σ uncertainties in last place(s). This table is not intended as a primary reference. See the full edition of this Review for references and details. Quantity Symbol, equation Value Reference, footnote speed of light c m s 1 exact[4] Newtonian gravitational constant G N (7) m 3 kg 1 s 2 [1] Planck mass c/gn (6) GeV/c 2 = (11) 10 8 kg [1] Planck length G N /c (8) m [1] standard gravitational acceleration g N m s 2 exact[1] jansky (flux density) Jy Wm 2 Hz 1 definition tropical year (equinox to equinox) (2007) yr s π 10 7 s [5] sidereal year (fixed star to fixed star) (2007) s π 10 7 s [5] mean sidereal day (2007) (time between vernal equinox transits) 23 h 56 m 04 ṣ [5] astronomical unit AU, A (3) m [6] parsec (1 AU/1 arc sec) pc m = ly [7] light year (deprecated unit) ly pc = m Schwarzschild radius of the Sun 2G N M /c (2) km [8] Solar mass M (2) kg [9] Solar equatorial radius R (3) 10 8 m [10] Solar luminosity L (1 4) W [11] Schwarzschild radius of the Earth 2G N M /c mm [12] Earth mass M (6) kg [13] Earth mean equatorial radius R m [5] luminosity conversion (deprecated) L M bol W [14] = bolometric magnitude at 10 pc) flux conversion (deprecated) F m bol Wm 2 from above (m bol = apparent bolometric magnitude) ABsolute monochromatic magnitude AB 2.5 log 10 fν (for fν in W m 2 Hz 1 ) [15] = 2.5 log 10 fν (for fν in Jy) Solar velocity around center of Galaxy Θ 220(20) km s 1 [16] Solar distance from Galactic center R 8.0(5) kpc [17]

9 2. Astrophysical constants 7 local disk density ρ disk gcm GeV/c 2 cm 3 [18] local halo density ρ halo gcm GeV/c 2 cm 3 [19] present day CMB temperature T (1) K [20] present day CMB dipole amplitude 3.358(17) mk [21] Solar velocity with respect to CMB 369(2) km/s towards (l, b) = (263.86(4), 48.24(10) ) [21] Local group velocity with respect to CMB v LG 627(22)km s 1 towards (l, b) = (276(3), 30(3) ) [22] entropy density/boltzmann constant s/k (T/2.725) 3 cm 3 [14] number density of CMB photons nγ (410.5(T/2.725) 3 cm 3 [23] present day Hubble expansion rate H0 100 h km s 1 Mpc 1 = h ( Gyr) 1 [24] present day normalized Hubble expansion rate h 0.73(3) [2,3] Hubble length c/h h 1 m m scale factor for cosmological constant c 2 /3H h 2 m 2 critical density of the Universe ρc =3H 0 2 /8πG N h 2 M Mpc 3 = (19) h 2 gcm 3 = (11) 10 5 h 2 (GeV/c 2 )cm 3 pressureless matter density of the Universe Ωm = ρm/ρc 0.128(8) h (WMAP3) [2,3] 0.132(4) h (2) (ALL mean) [2] baryon density of the Universe Ω b = ρ b /ρc (7) h [2,3] dark matter density of the Universe Ω dm =Ωm Ω b 0.105(8) h dark energy density of the Universe ΩΛ 0.73(3) [25] radiation density of the Universe Ωγ = ργ/ρc (T/2.725) 4 h [23] neutrino density of the Universe Ων < Ωνh 2 < < Ων < 0.05 [26] total energy density of the Universe Ωtot =Ωm +...+ΩΛ 1.011(12) [2,27] baryon-to-photon ratio η = n b /nγ 6.12(19) [28] number density of baryons n b ( <n b < )cm 3 (95% CL) from η dark energy equation of state parameter w 0.97(7) [2] fluctuation amplitude at 8h 1 Mpc scale σ8 0.76(5) [2,3] scalar spectral index from power-law fit to data ns 0.958(16) [2,3] running spectral index slope at k0 =0.05 Mpc 1 dns/d ln k 0.05 ± 0.03 [2,29] tensor-to-scalar field perturbations ratio at k0 =0.002 Mpc 1 r = T/S < 0.65 at 95% C.L. [2,3] reionization optical depth τ 0.09(3) [2,3] age of the Universe at reionization treion 365 Myr [2,3] age of the Universe t (15) Gyr [2]

10 8 Summary Tables of Particle Properties SUMMARY TABLES OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES Extracted from the Particle Listings of the Review of Particle Physics C. Amsler et al., PL B667, 1 (2008) Available at c Regents of the University of California (Approximate closing date for data: January 15, 2008) GAUGE AND HIGGS BOSONS γ I (J PC ) = 0,1(1 ) Mass m < ev Charge q < e Mean life τ = Stable g or gluon I (J P )=0(1 ) Mass m =0 [a] SU(3) color octet W J =1 Charge = ±1 e Mass m = ± GeV m Z m W =10.4 ± 1.6GeV m W + m W = 0.2 ± 0.6GeV Full width = ± GeV Nπ ± =15.70 ± 0.35 NK ± =2.20 ± 0.19 Np =0.92 ± 0.14 Ncharged =19.39 ± 0.08 W modes are charge conjugates of the modes below. p W + DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) l + ν [b] (10.80± 0.09) % e + ν (10.75± 0.13) % µ + ν (10.57± 0.15) % τ + ν (11.25± 0.20) % hadrons (67.60± 0.27) % π + γ < % D + s γ < % c X (33.4 ± 2.6 )% c s ( )% invisible [c] ( 1.4 ± 2.8 )%

11 Gauge & Higgs Boson Summary Table 9 Z J =1 Charge=0 Mass m = ± GeV [d] Full width = ± GeV ( l + l ) = ± 0.086MeV [b] ( invisible ) =499.0 ± 1.5 MeV [e] ( hadrons ) = ± 2.0 MeV ( µ + µ ) / ( e + e ) = ± ( τ + τ ) / ( e + e ) = ± [f ] Average charged multiplicity Ncharged =20.76 ± 0.16 (S = 2.1) Couplings to leptons g l V = ± g l A = ± g ν l = ± g ν e =0.53 ± 0.09 g ν µ =0.502 ± Asymmetry parameters [g ] A e = ± A µ =0.142 ± A τ =0.143 ± A s =0.90 ± 0.09 A c =0.670 ± A b =0.923 ± Charge asymmetry (%) at Z pole A (0l) FB =1.71 ± 0.10 A (0u) FB =4± 7 A (0s) FB =9.8 ± 1.1 A (0c) FB =7.07 ± 0.35 A (0b) FB =9.92 ± 0.16 Scale factor/ p Z DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) e + e ( ±0.004 )% µ + µ ( ±0.007 )% τ + τ ( ±0.008 )% l + l [b] ( ±0.0023) % invisible (20.00 ±0.06 )% hadrons (69.91 ±0.06 )% (uu +cc )/2 (11.6 ±0.6 )% (dd +ss +bb )/3 (15.6 ±0.4 )% cc (12.03 ±0.21 )% bb (15.12 ±0.05 )% b bbb ( 3.6 ±1.3 ) 10 4 ggg < 1.1 % CL=95% π 0 γ < CL=95% ηγ < CL=95% ωγ < CL=95% η (958)γ < CL=95% 45589

12 10 Gauge &HiggsBoson Summary Table γγ < CL=95% γγγ < CL=95% π ± W [h] < CL=95% ρ ± W [h] < CL=95% J/ψ(1S)X ( ) 10 3 S=1.1 ψ(2s)x ( 1.60 ±0.29 ) 10 3 χ c1 (1P)X ( 2.9 ±0.7 ) 10 3 χ c2 (1P)X < CL=90% (1S) X+ (2S) X + (3S) X ( 1.0 ±0.5 ) 10 4 (1S)X < CL=95% (2S)X < CL=95% (3S)X < CL=95% (D 0 /D 0 )X (20.7 ±2.0 )% D ± X (12.2 ±1.7 )% D (2010) ± X [h] (11.4 ±1.3 )% D s1 (2536) ± X ( 3.6 ±0.8 ) 10 3 D sj (2573) ± X ( 5.8 ±2.2 ) 10 3 D (2629) ± X searched for B + X ( 6.10 ±0.14 )% B 0 s X ( 1.56 ±0.13 )% B + c X searched for Λ + c X ( 1.54 ±0.33 )% Ξ 0 c X seen Ξ b X seen b -baryon X ( 1.38 ±0.22 )% anomalous γ + hadrons [i] < CL=95% e + e γ [i] < CL=95% µ + µ γ [i] < CL=95% τ + τ γ [i] < CL=95% l + l γγ [j] < CL=95% q q γγ [j] < CL=95% ν νγγ [j] < CL=95% e ± µ LF [h] < CL=95% e ± τ LF [h] < CL=95% µ ± τ LF [h] < CL=95% pe L,B < CL=95% p µ L,B < CL=95% Higgs Bosons H 0 and H ±, Searches for The limits for H 0 1 and A 0 refer to the m max h benchmark scenario for the supersymmetric parameters. H 0 Mass m > GeV, CL = 95% H 0 1 in Supersymmetric Models (m <m H 0 1 H 0) Mass m > 92.8 GeV,CL=95% 2

13 Gauge & Higgs Boson Summary Table 11 A 0 Pseudoscalar Higgs Boson in Supersymmetric Models [k] Mass m > 93.4 GeV, CL = 95% tanβ >0.4 H ± Mass m > 79.3 GeV, CL = 95% See the Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for a Note giving details of Higgs Bosons. Heavy Bosons Other Than Higgs Bosons, Searches for Additional W Bosons W with standard couplings decaying to e ν Mass m > GeV, CL = 95% W R right-handed W Mass m > 715 GeV, CL = 90% (electroweak fit) Additional Z Bosons Z SM with standard couplings Mass m > 923 GeV, CL = 95% (p p direct search) Mass m > 1500 GeV, CL = 95% (electroweak fit) Z LR of SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1) (with g L = g R ) Mass m > 630 GeV, CL = 95% (p p direct search) Mass m > 860 GeV, CL = 95% (electroweak fit) Z χ of SO(10) SU(5) U(1) χ (with g χ =e/cosθ W ) Mass m > 822 GeV, CL = 95% (p p direct search) Mass m > 781 GeV, CL = 95% (electroweak fit) Z ψ of E 6 SO(10) U(1) ψ (with g ψ =e/cosθ W ) Mass m > 822 GeV, CL = 95% (p p direct search) Mass m > 475 GeV, CL = 95% (electroweak fit) Z η of E 6 SU(3) SU(2) U(1) U(1) η (with g η =e/cosθ W ) Mass m > 891 GeV, CL = 95% (p p direct search) Mass m > 619 GeV, CL = 95% (electroweak fit) Scalar Leptoquarks Mass m > 256GeV, CL = 95% (1st generation, pair prod.) Mass m > 298 GeV, CL = 95% (1st gener., single prod.) Mass m > 251 GeV, CL = 95% (2nd gener., pair prod.) Mass m > 73 GeV, CL = 95% (2nd gener., single prod.) Mass m > 229 GeV, CL = 95% (3rd gener., pair prod.) (See the Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for assumptions on leptoquark quantum numbers and branching fractions.)

14 12 Gauge & Higgs Boson Summary Table Axions (A 0 ) and Other Very Light Bosons, Searches for The standard Peccei-Quinn axion is ruled out. Variants with reduced couplings or much smaller masses are constrained by various data. The Particle Listings in the full Review contain a Note discussing axion searches. The best limit for the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay with Majoron emission is > years (CL = 90%). NOTES In this Summary Table: When a quantity has (S =...)" to its right, the error on the quantity has been enlarged by the scale factor" S, defined as S = χ 2 /(N 1), where N is the number of measurements used in calculating the quantity. We dothiswhens > 1, which often indicates that the measurements are inconsistent. When S > 1.25, we also show intheparticle Listings an ideogram of the measurements. For more about S, see the Introduction. Adecay momentum p is given for each decay mode.for a 2-body decay, p is the momentum of each decay product in the rest frame of the decaying particle. For a 3-or-more-body decay, p is the largest momentum any of the products can have in this frame. [a] Theoretical value. A mass as large as a few MeV may not be precluded. [b] l indicates each type of lepton (e, µ, andτ), not sum over them. [c]this represents the width for the decay of the W boson into a charged particle with momentum below detectability, p< 200 MeV. [d] The Z-boson mass listed here corresponds to a Breit-Wigner resonance parameter. It lies approximately 34 MeV above the real part of the position of the pole (in the energy-squared plane) in the Z-boson propagator. [e] This partial width takes into account Z decays into ν ν and any other possible undetected modes. [f ] This ratio has not been corrected for the τ mass. [g]herea 2g V g A /(g 2 V +g2 A ). [h]the value is for the sum of the charge states or particle/antiparticle states indicated. [i] See the Z Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for the γ energy range used in this measurement. [j]for m γγ =(60± 5) GeV. [k] The limits assume no invisible decays.

15 Lepton Summary Table 13 LEPTONS e J = 1 2 Mass m = ( ± ) 10 6 u Mass m = ± MeV me + m e /m < , CL = 90% qe + + q / e e < Magnetic moment anomaly (g 2)/2 = ( ± ) 10 6 (g e + g e )/g average =( 0.5 ± 2.1) Electric dipole moment d =(0.07 ± 0.07) e cm Mean life τ > yr, CL = 90% [a] µ J = 1 2 Mass m = ± u Mass m = ± MeV Mean life τ =( ± ) 10 6 s (S = 1.1) τ µ +/τ µ = ± cτ = m Magnetic moment anomaly(g 2)/2 = ( ± 6) (g µ + g µ )/g average =( 0.11 ± 0.12) 10 8 Electric dipole moment d =(3.7 ± 3.4) e cm Decayparameters [b] ρ = ± η =0.001 ± (S = 2.0) δ = ± ξp µ = ± [c] ξp µ δ/ρ > , CL = 90% [c] ξ =1.00 ± 0.04 ξ =0.7 ± 0.4 α/a = (0 ± 4) 10 3 α /A = (0 ± 4) 10 3 β/a = (4 ± 6) 10 3 β /A = (1 ± 5) 10 3 η =0.02 ± 0.08 µ + modes are charge conjugates of the modes below. p µ DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) e ν e ν µ 100% 53 e ν e ν µ γ [d] (1.4±0.4) % 53 e ν e ν µ e + e [e] (3.4±0.4) Lepton Familynumber (LF ) violating modes e ν e ν µ LF [f ] < 1.2 % 90% 53 e γ LF < % 53 e e + e LF < % 53 e 2γ LF < % 53

16 14 Lepton Summary Table τ J = 1 2 Mass m = ± 0.17 MeV (m τ + m τ )/m average < ,CL=90% Mean life τ = (290.6 ± 1.0) s cτ =87.11 µm Magnetic moment anomaly > and < 0.013, CL = 95% Re(d τ )= 0.22 to e cm, CL = 95% Im(d τ )= 0.25 to e cm, CL = 95% Weak dipole moment Re(d w τ ) < e cm, CL = 95% Im(d w τ ) < e cm, CL = 95% Weak anomalous magnetic dipole moment Re(α w τ ) < ,CL=95% Im(α w τ ) < , CL = 95% Decayparameters See the τ Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for a note concerning τ-decayparameters. ρ(e or µ) =0.745 ± ρ(e) = ± ρ(µ) =0.763 ± ξ(e or µ) =0.985 ± ξ(e) =0.994 ± ξ(µ) = ± η(e or µ) =0.013 ± η(µ) = ± (δξ)(e or µ) =0.746 ± (δξ)(e) =0.734 ± (δξ)(µ) = ± ξ(π) = ± ξ(ρ) = ± ξ(a 1 )=1.001 ± ξ(all hadronic modes) = ± τ + modes are charge conjugates of the modes below. h ± " stands for π ± or K ±. l" stands for e or µ. Neutrals" stands for γ's and/or π 0 's. Scale factor/ p τ DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) Modes with one charged particle particle 0 neutrals 0K 0 ν τ (85.36±0.08) % S=1.3 ( 1-prong") particle 0 neutrals 0K 0 ν L τ (84.73±0.08) % S=1.4 µ ν µ ν τ [g ] (17.36±0.05) % 885 µ ν µ ν τ γ [e] ( 3.6 ±0.4 ) e ν e ν τ [g ] (17.85±0.05) % 888 e ν e ν τ γ [e] ( 1.75±0.18) % 888 h 0K 0 ν L τ (12.13±0.07) % S= h ν τ (11.60±0.06) % S= π ν τ [g ] (10.91±0.07) % S= K ν τ [g ] ( 6.95±0.23) 10 3 S=

17 Lepton Summary Table 15 h 1 neutralsν τ (37.08±0.11) % S=1.2 h 1π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) (36.54±0.11) % S=1.2 h π 0 ν τ (25.95±0.10) % S= π π 0 ν τ [g ] (25.52±0.10) % S= π π 0 non-ρ(770)ν τ ( 3.0 ±3.2 ) K π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 4.28±0.15) h 2π 0 ν τ (10.84±0.12) % S=1.3 h 2π 0 ν τ ( 9.49±0.11) % S= h 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 9.33±0.12) % S= π 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 9.27±0.12) % S= π 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ), < CL=95% 862 scalar π 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ), vector < CL=95% 862 K 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 6.3 ±2.3 ) h 3π 0 ν τ ( 1.35±0.07) % S=1.1 h 3π 0 ν τ (ex. K 0 ) ( 1.26±0.07) % S=1.1 h 3π 0 ν τ ( 1.18±0.08) % 836 π 3π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 1.04±0.07) % 836 K 3π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0, η) [g ] ( 4.7 ±2.1 ) h 4π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 1.6 ±0.4 ) h 4π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0,η) [g ] ( 1.0 ±0.4 ) K 0π 0 0K 0 0γ ν τ ( 1.57±0.04) % S= K 1(π 0 or K 0 or γ) ν τ ( 8.74±0.32) 10 3 Modes with K 0 's K 0 S (particles) ν τ ( 9.2 ±0.4 ) 10 3 S=1.4 h K 0 ν τ (10.0 ±0.5 ) 10 3 S= π K 0 ν τ [g ] ( 8.4 ±0.4 ) 10 3 S= π K 0 (non-k (892) )ν τ ( 5.4 ±2.1 ) K K 0 ν τ [g ] ( 1.58±0.16) K K 0 0π 0 ν τ ( 3.16±0.23) h K 0 π 0 ν τ ( 5.5 ±0.4 ) π K 0 π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 3.9 ±0.4 ) K 0 ρ ν τ ( 2.2 ±0.5 ) K K 0 π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 1.58±0.20) π K 0 1π 0 ν τ ( 3.2 ±1.0 ) 10 3 π K 0 π 0 π 0 ν τ ( 2.6 ±2.4 ) K K 0 π 0 π 0 ν τ < CL=95% 619 π K 0 K 0 ν τ ( 1.7 ±0.4 ) 10 3 S= π K 0 K 0 ν S S τ [g ] ( 2.4 ±0.5 ) π K 0 K 0 ν S L τ [g ] ( 1.2 ±0.4 ) 10 3 S= π K 0 K 0 π 0 ν τ ( 3.1 ±2.3 ) π K 0 K 0 S S π0 ν τ < CL=95% 614 π K 0 K 0 S L π0 ν τ ( 3.1 ±1.2 ) K 0 h + h h 0 neutrals ν τ < CL=95% 760 K 0 h + h h ν τ ( 2.3 ±2.0 ) Modes with three charged particles h h h + 0 neutrals 0K 0 ν L τ (15.18±0.08) % S= h h h + 0 neutrals ν τ (14.56±0.08) % S= (ex. K 0 S π+ π ) ( 3-prong") h h h + ν τ ( 9.80±0.08) % S= h h h + ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 9.45±0.07) % S= h h h + ν τ (ex.k 0,ω) ( 9.42±0.07) % S=

18 16 Lepton Summary Table π π + π ν τ ( 9.32±0.07) % S= π π + π ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 9.03±0.06) % S= π π + π ν τ (ex.k 0 ), non-axial vector < 2.4 % CL=95% 861 π π + π ν τ (ex.k 0,ω) [g ] ( 8.99±0.06) % S= h h h + 1 neutrals ν τ ( 5.38±0.07) % S=1.2 h h h + 1π 0 ν τ (ex. K 0 ) ( 5.08±0.06) % S=1.1 h h h + π 0 ν τ ( 4.75±0.06) % S= h h h + π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 4.56±0.06) % S= h h h + π 0 ν τ (ex. K 0, ω) ( 2.79±0.08) % S= π π + π π 0 ν τ ( 4.61±0.06) % S= π π + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 4.48±0.06) % S= π π + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0,ω) [g ] ( 2.70±0.08) % S= h h h + 2π 0 ν τ (ex. K 0 ) ( 5.16±0.33) 10 3 h h h + 2π 0 ν τ ( 5.04±0.32) h h h + 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 4.94±0.32) h h h + 2π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0,ω,η) [g ] ( 9 ±4 ) h h h + 3π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 2.3 ±0.6 ) 10 4 S= K h + h 0 neutrals ν τ ( 6.24±0.24) 10 3 S= K h + π ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 4.27±0.19) 10 3 S= K h + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 8.7 ±1.2 ) 10 4 S= K π + π 0 neutrals ν τ ( 4.78±0.21) 10 3 S= K π + π 0π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 3.68±0.19) 10 3 S= K π + π ν τ ( 3.41±0.16) 10 3 S= K π + π ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 2.87±0.16) 10 3 S= K ρ 0 ν τ K π + π ν τ ( 1.4 ±0.5 ) 10 3 K π + π π 0 ν τ ( 1.35±0.14) K π + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) ( 8.1 ±1.2 ) K π + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0,η) [g ] ( 7.5 ±1.2 ) K π + π π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0,ω) ( 3.7 ±0.9 ) K π + K 0 neut. ν τ < CL=95% 685 K K + π 0 neut. ν τ ( 1.46±0.06) 10 3 S= K K + π ν τ [g ] ( 1.40±0.05) 10 3 S= K K + π π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 6.1 ±2.5 ) 10 5 S= K K + K 0 neut. ν τ < CL=95% 472 K K + K ν τ ( 1.58±0.18) K K + K ν τ (ex. φ) < CL=90% K K + K π 0 ν τ < CL=90% 345 π K + π 0 neut. ν τ < CL=95% 794 e e e + ν e ν τ ( 2.8 ±1.5 ) µ e e + ν µ ν τ < CL=90% 885 Modes with five charged particles 3h 2h + 0 neutrals ν τ ( 1.02±0.04) 10 3 S= (ex. K 0 S π π + ) ( 5-prong") 3h 2h + ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 8.39±0.35) 10 4 S= h 2h + π 0 ν τ (ex.k 0 ) [g ] ( 1.78±0.27) h 2h + 2π 0 ν τ < CL=90% 687 Miscellaneous other allowed modes (5π) ν τ ( 7.6 ±0.5 ) h 3h + 0 neutrals ν τ < CL=90% 682 ( 7-prong") 4h 3h + ν τ < CL=90% 682 4h 3h + π 0 ν τ < CL=90% 612

19 Lepton Summary Table 17 X (S= 1)ν τ ( 2.85±0.07) % S=1.3 K (892) 0 neutrals ( 1.42±0.18) % S= K 0 ν L τ K (892) ν τ ( 1.20±0.07) % S= K (892) ν τ π K 0 ν τ ( 7.8 ±0.5 ) 10 3 K (892) 0 K 0 neutrals ν τ ( 3.2 ±1.4 ) K (892) 0 K ν τ ( 2.1 ±0.4 ) K (892) 0 π 0 neutrals ν τ ( 3.8 ±1.7 ) K (892) 0 π ν τ ( 2.2 ±0.5 ) (K (892)π ) ν τ π K 0 π 0 ν τ ( 1.0 ±0.4 ) 10 3 K 1 (1270) ν τ ( 4.7 ±1.1 ) K 1 (1400) ν τ ( 1.7 ±2.6 ) 10 3 S= < K (1410) ν τ ( ) K 0 (1430) ν τ < CL=95% 317 K 2 (1430) ν τ < CL=95% 317 ηπ ν τ < CL=95% 797 ηπ π 0 ν τ [g ] ( 1.81±0.24) ηπ π 0 π 0 ν τ ( 1.5 ±0.5 ) η K ν τ [g ] ( 2.7 ±0.6 ) η K (892) ν τ ( 2.9 ±0.9 ) η K π 0 ν τ ( 1.8 ±0.9 ) η K 0 π ν τ ( 2.2 ±0.7 ) ηπ + π π 0 neutrals ν τ < CL=90% 744 ηπ π + π ν τ ( 2.3 ±0.5 ) η a 1 (1260) ν τ ηπ ρ 0 ν τ < CL=90% ηηπ ν τ < CL=95% 637 ηηπ π 0 ν τ < CL=95% 559 η (958)π ν τ < CL=90% 620 η (958)π π 0 ν τ < CL=90% 591 φπ ν τ ( 3.4 ±0.6 ) φk ν τ ( 3.70±0.33) 10 5 S= f 1 (1285)π ν τ ( 4.1 ±0.8 ) f 1 (1285)π ν τ ( 1.3 ±0.4 ) 10 4 ηπ π + π ν τ π(1300) ν τ (ρπ) ν τ CL=90% (3π) ν τ π(1300) ν τ ((ππ) S wave π) ν τ (3π) ν τ < CL=90% h ω 0 neutrals ν τ ( 2.40±0.09) % S= h ων τ [g ] ( 1.99±0.08) % S= K ων τ ( 4.1 ±0.9 ) h ωπ 0 ν τ [g ] ( 4.1 ±0.4 ) h ω 2π 0 ν τ ( 1.4 ±0.5 ) h 2ων τ < CL=90% 250 2h h + ων τ ( 1.20±0.22) Lepton Familynumber (LF ), Lepton number (L), or Baryon number (B) violating modes L means lepton number violation (e.g. τ e + π π ). Following common usage, LF means lepton family violation and not lepton number violation (e.g. τ e π + π ). B means baryon number violation. e γ LF < CL=90% 888 µ γ LF < CL=90% 885

20 18 Lepton Summary Table e π 0 LF < CL=90% 883 µ π 0 LF < CL=90% 880 e K 0 S LF < CL=90% 819 µ K 0 S LF < CL=90% 815 e η LF < CL=90% 804 µ η LF < CL=90% 800 e ρ 0 LF < CL=90% 719 µ ρ 0 LF < CL=90% 715 e ω LF < CL=90% 716 µ ω LF < CL=90% 711 e K (892) 0 LF < CL=90% 665 µ K (892) 0 LF < CL=90% 659 e K (892) 0 LF < CL=90% 665 µ K (892) 0 LF < CL=90% 659 e η (958) LF < CL=90% 630 µ η (958) LF < CL=90% 625 e φ LF < CL=90% 596 µ φ LF < CL=90% 590 e e + e LF < CL=90% 888 e µ + µ LF < CL=90% 882 e + µ µ LF < CL=90% 882 µ e + e LF < CL=90% 885 µ + e e LF < CL=90% 885 µ µ + µ LF < CL=90% 873 e π + π LF < CL=90% 877 e + π π L < CL=90% 877 µ π + π LF < CL=90% 866 µ + π π L < CL=90% 866 e π + K LF < CL=90% 813 e π K + LF < CL=90% 813 e + π K L < CL=90% 813 e K 0 K 0 S S LF < CL=90% 736 e K + K LF < CL=90% 738 e + K K L < CL=90% 738 µ π + K LF < CL=90% 800 µ π K + LF < CL=90% 800 µ + π K L < CL=90% 800 µ K 0 K 0 S S LF < CL=90% 696 µ K + K LF < CL=90% 699 µ + K K L < CL=90% 699 e π 0 π 0 LF < CL=90% 878 µ π 0 π 0 LF < CL=90% 867 e ηη LF < CL=90% 699 µ ηη LF < CL=90% 653 e π 0 η LF < CL=90% 798 µ π 0 η LF < CL=90% 784 p γ L,B < CL=90% 641 p π 0 L,B < CL=90% 632 p 2π 0 L,B < CL=90% 604 p η L,B < CL=90% 475 p π 0 η L,B < CL=90% 360 Λπ L,B < CL=90% 525

21 Lepton Summary Table 19 Λπ L,B < CL=90% 525 e light boson LF < CL=95% µ light boson LF < CL=95% Heavy Charged Lepton Searches L ± charged lepton Mass m > GeV, CL = 95% [h] Decayto ν W. L ± stable charged heavylepton Mass m > GeV, CL = 95% Neutrino Properties See the note on Neutrino properties listings" in the Particle Listings. Mass m < 2eV (tritium decay) Mean life/mass, τ/m > 300 s/ev, CL = 90% (reactor) Mean life/mass, τ/m > s/ev (solar) Mean life/mass, τ/m > 15.4 s/ev, CL = 90% (accelerator) Magnetic moment µ < µ B, CL = 90% (reactor) Number of Neutrino Types Number N = ± (Standard Model fits to LEP data) Number N = 2.92 ± 0.05 (S = 1.2) (Direct measurement of invisible Z width) Neutrino Mixing The following values are obtained through data analyses based on the 3-neutrino mixing scheme described in the review Neutrino mass, mixing, and flavor change" byb. Kayser in this Review. sin 2 (2θ 12 )= m 2 21 =(8.0 ± 0.3) 10 5 ev 2 The ranges below forsin 2 (2θ 23 ) and m 2 32 correspond to the projections onto the appropriate axes of the 90% CL contour in the sin 2 (2θ 23 )- m 2 32 plane. sin 2 (2θ 23 ) > 0.92 m 2 32 =1.9 to ev 2 [i] sin 2 (2θ 13 ) < 0.19, CL = 90% Heavy Neutral Leptons, Searches for For excited leptons, see Compositeness Limits below. Stable Neutral HeavyLepton Mass Limits Mass m > 45.0 GeV, CL = 95% (Dirac) Mass m > 39.5 GeV, CL = 95% (Majorana)

22 20 Lepton Summary Table Neutral HeavyLepton Mass Limits Mass m > 90.3 GeV,CL=95% (Dirac ν L coupling to e, µ, τ; conservative case(τ)) Mass m > 80.5 GeV,CL=95% (Majorana ν L coupling to e, µ, τ; conservative case(τ)) NOTES In this SummaryTable: When a quantityhas (S =...)" to its right, the error on the quantityhas been enlarged by the scale factor" S, defined as S = χ 2 /(N 1), where N is the number of measurements used in calculating the quantity. We dothiswhens > 1, which often indicates that the measurements are inconsistent. When S > 1.25, we also show intheparticle Listings an ideogram of the measurements. For more about S, see the Introduction. Adecaymomentum p is given for each decaymode. For a 2-bodydecay, p is the momentum of each decay product in the rest frame of the decaying particle. For a 3-or-more-bodydecay, p is the largest momentum anyof the products can have in this frame. [a] This is the best limit for the mode e νγ. The best limit for electron disappearance" is yr. [b] See the Note on Muon Decay Parameters" in the µ Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for definitions and details. [c] P µ is the longitudinal polarization of the muon from pion decay. standard V A theory, P µ = 1 and ρ = δ =3/4. [d] This onlyincludes events with the γ energy > 10 MeV. Since the e ν e ν µ and e ν e ν µ γ modes cannot be clearly separated, we regard the latter mode as a subset of the former. [e] See the relevant Particle Listings in the Full Review of Particle Physics for the energylimits used in this measurement. [f ] A test of additive vs. multiplicative lepton familynumber conservation. [g ] Basis mode for the τ. [h] L ± mass limit depends on decayassumptions; see the Full Listings. [i] The sign of m 2 32 is not known at this time. The range quoted is for the absolute value. In

23 Quark Summary Table 21 QUARKS The u-, d-, and s-quark masses are estimates of so-called currentquark masses," in a mass-independent subtraction scheme such as MS at a scale µ 2 GeV. The c- and b-quark masses are the running" masses in the MS scheme. For the b-quark we also quote the 1S mass. These can be different from the heavy quark masses obtained in potential models. u I (J P )= 1 2 ( ) Mass m =1.5 to3.3 MeV [a] Charge = 2 3 e I z =+ 1 2 m u /m d =0.35 to 0.60 d I (J P )= 1 2 ( ) Mass m =3.5 to6.0mev [a] Charge = 1 3 e I z = 1 2 m s /m d =17to22 m =(m u +m d )/2 = 2.5 to5.0 MeV s I (J P )=0( ) Mass m = MeV [a] Charge = 1 3 e Strangeness = 1 (m s (m u + m d )/2) / (m d m u )=30to50 c I (J P )=0( ) Mass m = GeV Charge = 2 3 e Charm=+1 b I (J P )=0( ) Charge = 1 3 e Bottom = 1 Mass m = GeV (MS mass) t I (J P )=0( ) Charge = 3 2 e Top = +1 Mass m =171.2 ± 2.1 GeV [b] (direct observation of top events) p t DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) Wq(q = b, s, d) Wb lν l anything [c,d] ( 9.4±2.4) % γ q (q=u,c) [e] < %

24 22 Quark Summary Table T =1weak = 1 neutral current (T1) modes Zq(q=u,c) T1 [f ] < 13.7 % 95% b (4 th Generation) Quark, Searches for Mass m > 190 GeV, CL = 95% (p p, quasi-stable b ) Mass m > 199 GeV, CL = 95% (p p, neutral-current decays) Mass m > 128 GeV, CL = 95% (p p, charged-current decays) Mass m > 46.0 GeV,CL=95% (e + e, all decays) t (4 th Generation) Quark, Searches for Mass m > 256 GeV, CL = 95% (p p, t t prod., t Wq) Free Quark Searches All searches since 1977 have had negative results. NOTES [a] The ratios m u /m d and m s /m d are extracted from pion and kaon masses using chiral symmetry. The estimates of u and d masses are not without controversy and remain under active investigation. Within the literature there are even suggestions that the u quark could be essentially massless. The s-quark mass is estimated from SU(3) splittings in hadron masses. [b] Based on published top mass measurements using data from Tevatron Run-I and Run-II. Including also the most recent unpublished results from Run-II, the Tevatron Electroweak Working Group reports a top mass of ± 0.8 ± 1.1 GeV. See the note The Top Quark" in the Quark Particle Listings of this Review. [c] l means e or µ decay mode, not the sum over them. [d] Assumes lepton universality and W -decay acceptance. [e] This limit is for (t γ q)/ (t Wb). [f ] This limit is for (t Zq)/ (t Wb).

25 Meson Summary Table 23 LIGHT UNFLAVORED MESONS (S = C = B = 0) For I =1(π, b, ρ, a): ud, (uu dd)/ 2, du; for I =0(η, η, h, h, ω, φ, f, f ): c 1 (u u + d d) +c 2 (s s) π ± I G (J P )=1 (0 ) Mass m = ± MeV (S = 1.2) Mean life τ =( ± ) 10 8 s (S = 1.2) cτ = m π ± l ± νγ formfactors [a] F V =0.017 ± F A = ± (S = 1.2) R = π modes are charge conjugates of the modes below. For decay limits to particles which are not established, see the appropriate Search sections (Massive Neutrino Peak Search Test, A 0 (axion), and Other Light Boson (X 0 )Searches, etc.). p π + DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) µ + ν µ [b] ( ± ) % 30 µ + ν µ γ [c] ( 2.00 ±0.25 ) e + ν e [b] ( ±0.004 ) e + ν e γ [c] ( 1.61 ±0.23 ) e + ν e π 0 ( ±0.006 ) e + ν e e + e ( 3.2 ±0.5 ) e + ν e ν ν < % 70 Lepton Family number (LF) or Lepton number (L) violating modes µ + ν e L [d] < % 30 µ + ν e LF [d] < % 30 µ e + e + ν LF < % 30 π 0 π 0 I G (J PC )=1 (0 + ) Mass m = ± MeV (S = 1.1) m π ± m π 0 = ± MeV Mean life τ =(8.4 ± 0.6) s (S = 3.0) cτ =25.1 nm For decay limits to particles which are not established, see the appropriate Search sections (A 0 (axion) and Other Light Boson (X 0 )Searches, etc.). Scale factor/ p π 0 DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) 2γ (98.798±0.032) % S= e + e γ ( 1.198±0.032) % S= γ positronium ( 1.82 ±0.29 ) e + e + e e ( 3.14 ±0.30 )

26 24 Meson Summary Table e + e ( 6.46 ±0.33 ) γ < CL=90% 67 ν ν [e] < CL=90% 67 ν e ν e < CL=90% 67 ν µ ν µ < CL=90% 67 ν τ ν τ < CL=90% 67 γνν < CL=90% 67 Charge conjugation (C ) or Lepton Family number (LF ) violating modes 3γ C < CL=90% 67 µ + e LF < CL=90% 26 µ e + LF < CL=90% 26 µ + e + µ e + LF < CL=90% 26 η I G (J PC )=0 + (0 + ) Mass m = ± MeV [f ] Full width = 1.30 ± 0.07 kev [g] C-nonconserving decay parameters π + π π 0 Left-right asymmetry = (0.09 ± 0.17) 10 2 π + π π 0 Sextant asymmetry = (0.18 ± 0.16) 10 2 π + π π 0 Quadrant asymmetry = ( 0.17 ± 0.17) 10 2 π + π γ Left-right asymmetry = (0.9 ± 0.4) 10 2 π + π γ β (D-wave) = 0.02 ± 0.07 (S = 1.3) Dalitz plot parameter π 0 π 0 π 0 α = ± Scale factor/ p η DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) Neutral modes neutral modes (71.91±0.34) % S=1.2 2γ [g] (39.31±0.20) % S= π 0 (32.56±0.23) % S= π 0 2γ ( 4.4 ±1.5 ) 10 4 S= π 0 π 0 γγ < CL=90% 238 4γ < CL=90% 274 invisible < CL=90% Charged modes charged modes (28.06±0.34) % S=1.2 π + π π 0 (22.73±0.28) % S= π + π γ ( 4.60±0.16) % S= e + e γ ( 6.8 ±0.8 ) 10 3 S= µ + µ γ ( 3.1 ±0.4 ) e + e < CL=90% 274 µ + µ ( 5.8 ±0.8 ) e + e e + e < CL=90% 274 π + π e + e ( 4.2 ±1.2 ) π + π 2γ < π + π π 0 γ < CL=90% 174 π 0 µ + µ γ < CL=90% 210

27 Meson Summary Table 25 Charge conjugation (C ), Parity (P), Charge conjugation Parity (CP), or Lepton Family number (LF ) violating modes π 0 γ C < CL=90% 257 π + π P,CP < CL=90% 236 π 0 π 0 P,CP < CL=90% 238 π 0 π 0 γ C < CL=90% 238 π 0 π 0 π 0 γ C < CL=90% 179 3γ C < CL=90% 274 4π 0 P,CP < CL=90% 40 π 0 e + e C [h] < CL=90% 257 π 0 µ + µ C [h] < CL=90% 210 µ + e + µ e + LF < CL=90% 264 f 0 (600) [i] or σ I G (J PC )=0 + (0 ++ ) Mass m = ( ) MeV Full width = ( ) MeV f 0 (600) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ππ dominant γγ seen ρ(770) [j] I G (J PC )=1 + (1 ) Mass m = ± 0.34 MeV Full width = ± 1.0 MeV ee =7.04 ± 0.06 kev Scale factor/ p ρ(770) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) ππ 100 % 363 ρ(770) ± decays π ± γ ( 4.5 ±0.5 ) 10 4 S= π ± η < CL=84% 153 π ± π + π π 0 < CL=84% 254 ρ(770) 0 decays π + π γ ( 9.9 ±1.6 ) π 0 γ ( 6.0 ±0.8 ) ηγ ( 3.00±0.21 ) π 0 π 0 γ ( 4.5 ±0.8 ) µ + µ [k] ( 4.55±0.28 ) e + e [k] ( 4.71±0.05 ) π + π π 0 ( ±0.34) π + π π + π ( 1.8 ±0.9 ) π + π π 0 π 0 < CL=90% 257

28 26 Meson Summary Table ω(782) I G (J PC )=0 (1 ) Mass m = ± 0.12 MeV (S = 1.9) Full width = 8.49 ± 0.08 MeV ee =0.60 ± 0.02 kev Scale factor/ p ω(782) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) π + π π 0 (89.2 ±0.7 )% 327 π 0 γ ( 8.92±0.24) % S= π + π ( )% S= neutrals (excludingπ 0 γ ) ( ) 10 3 ηγ ( 4.6 ±0.4 ) 10 4 S= π 0 e + e ( 7.7 ±0.9 ) 10 4 S= π 0 µ + µ ( 9.6 ±2.3 ) e + e ( 7.16±0.12) 10 5 S= π + π π 0 π 0 < 2 % CL=90% 262 π + π γ < CL=95% 366 π + π π + π < CL=90% 256 π 0 π 0 γ ( 6.7 ±1.1 ) ηπ 0 γ < CL=90% 162 µ + µ ( 9.0 ±3.1 ) γ < CL=95% 391 Charge conjugation (C ) violating modes ηπ 0 C < CL=90% 162 3π 0 C < CL=90% 330 η (958) I G (J PC )=0 + (0 + ) Mass m = ± 0.24 MeV Full width = ± MeV (S = 1.2) cc-violating decay parameter = ± Scale factor/ p η (958) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) π + π η (44.6 ±1.4 )% S= ρ 0 γ (including non-resonant (29.4 ±0.9 )% S= π + π γ) π 0 π 0 η (20.7 ±1.2 )% S= ωγ ( 3.02±0.31) % 159 γγ ( 2.10±0.12) % S= π 0 ( 1.54±0.26) µ + µ γ ( 1.03±0.26) π + π π 0 < 5 % CL=90% 427 π 0 ρ 0 < 4 % CL=90% 110 π + π + π π < 1 % CL=90% 372 π + π + π π neutrals < 1 % CL=95% π + π + π π π 0 < 1 % CL=90% 298 6π < 1 % CL=90% 211 π + π e + e < CL=90% 458 γ e + e < CL=90% 479 π 0 γγ < CL=90% 469

29 Meson Summary Table 27 4π 0 < CL=90% 379 e + e < CL=90% 479 invisible < CL=90% Charge conjugation (C ), Parity (P), Lepton family number (LF ) violating modes π + π P,CP < CL=90% 458 π 0 π 0 P,CP < CL=90% 459 π 0 e + e C [h] < CL=90% 469 η e + e C [h] < CL=90% 322 3γ C < CL=90% 479 µ + µ π 0 C [h] < CL=90% 445 µ + µ η C [h] < CL=90% 273 e µ LF < CL=90% 473 f 0 (980) [l] I G (J PC )=0 + (0 ++ ) Mass m =980± 10 MeV Full width = 40 to 100 MeV f 0 (980) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ππ dominant 471 K K seen γγ seen 490 a 0 (980) [l] I G (J PC )=1 (0 ++ ) Mass m =984.7 ± 1.2 MeV (S = 1.5) Full width = 50 to 100 MeV a 0 (980) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ηπ dominant 322 K K seen γγ seen 492 φ(1020) I G (J PC )=0 (1 ) Mass m = ± MeV (S = 1.1) Full width = 4.26 ± 0.04 MeV (S = 1.4) Scale factor/ p φ(1020) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) K + K (49.2 ±0.6 )% S= K 0 L K 0 S (34.0 ±0.5 )% S= ρπ + π + π π 0 (15.25 ±0.35 )% S=1.1 ηγ ( 1.304±0.025) % S= π 0 γ ( 1.26 ±0.06 ) e + e ( 2.97 ±0.04 ) 10 4 S= µ + µ ( 2.86 ±0.19 ) η e + e ( 1.15 ±0.10 ) π + π ( 7.3 ±1.3 ) ωπ 0 ( ) ωγ < 5 % CL=84% 209

30 28 Meson Summary Table ργ < CL=90% 215 π + π γ ( 4.1 ±1.3 ) f 0 (980)γ ( 3.22 ±0.19 ) 10 4 S= π 0 π 0 γ ( 1.07 ±0.06 ) π + π π + π ( ) π + π + π π π 0 < CL=90% 342 π 0 e + e ( 1.12 ±0.28 ) π 0 ηγ ( 8.3 ±0.5 ) a 0 (980)γ ( 7.6 ±0.6 ) η (958)γ ( 6.23 ±0.21 ) ηπ 0 π 0 γ < CL=90% 293 µ + µ γ ( 1.4 ±0.5 ) ργγ < CL=90% 215 ηπ + π < CL=90% 288 ηµ + µ < CL=90% 321 h 1 (1170) I G (J PC )=0 (1 + ) Mass m = 1170 ± 20 MeV Full width = 360 ± 40 MeV h 1 (1170) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ρπ seen 307 b 1 (1235) I G (J PC )=1 + (1 + ) Mass m = ± 3.2 MeV (S = 1.6) Full width = 142 ± 9MeV (S = 1.2) p b 1 (1235) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) ωπ dominant 348 [D/S amplitude ratio = ± 0.027] π ± γ ( 1.6±0.4) ηρ seen π + π + π π 0 < 50 % 84% 535 (K K) ± π 0 < 8 % 90% 248 K 0 S K 0 L π± < 6 % 90% 235 K 0 S K 0 S π± < 2 % 90% 235 φπ < 1.5 % 84% 147 a 1 (1260) [m] I G (J PC )=1 (1 ++ ) Mass m = 1230 ± 40 MeV [n] Full width = 250 to 600 MeV a 1 (1260) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) (ρπ) S wave seen 353 (ρπ) D wave seen 353 (ρ(1450)π ) S wave seen (ρ(1450)π ) D wave seen σπ seen

31 Meson Summary Table 29 f 0 (980)π not seen 189 f 0 (1370)π seen f 2 (1270)π seen K K (892)+ c.c. seen πγ seen 608 f 2 (1270) I G (J PC )=0 + (2 ++ ) Mass m = ± 1.2 MeV (S = 1.1) Full width = MeV (S = 1.5) Scale factor/ p f 2 (1270) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) ππ ( )% S= π + π 2π 0 ( )% S= K K ( 4.6 ±0.4 )% S= π + 2π ( 2.8 ±0.4 )% S= ηη ( 4.0 ±0.8 ) 10 3 S= π 0 ( 3.0 ±1.0 ) γγ ( 1.41±0.13) ηππ < CL=95% 477 K 0 K π + + c.c. < CL=95% 293 e + e < CL=90% 638 f 1 (1285) I G (J PC )=0 + (1 ++ ) Mass m = ± 0.6 MeV (S = 1.6) Full width = 24.3 ± 1.1 MeV (S = 1.4) Scale factor/ p f 1 (1285) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) 4π ( )% S= π 0 π 0 π + π ( )% S= π + 2π ( )% S= ρ 0 π + π ( )% S= ρ 0 ρ 0 seen 4π 0 < CL=90% 568 ηππ (52 ±16 )% 482 a 0 (980)π [ignoring a 0 (980) (36 ± 7 )% 234 K K ] ηππ [excluding a 0 (980)π] (16 ± 7 )% 482 K K π ( 9.0± 0.4) % S= K K (892) not seen γρ 0 ( 5.5± 1.3) % S= φγ ( 7.4± 2.6)

32 30 Meson Summary Table η(1295) I G (J PC )=0 + (0 + ) Mass m = 1294 ± 4 MeV (S = 1.6) Full width = 55 ± 5MeV η(1295) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ηπ + π seen 487 a 0 (980)π seen 244 ηπ 0 π 0 seen 490 η (ππ) S-wave seen π(1300) I G (J PC )=1 (0 + ) Mass m = 1300 ± 100 MeV [n] Full width = 200 to 600 MeV π(1300) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ρπ seen 404 π (ππ) S-wave seen a 2 (1320) I G (J PC )=1 (2 ++ ) [n] Mass m = ± 0.6 MeV (S = 1.2) Full width = 107 ± 5MeV Scale factor/ p a 2 (1320) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) 3π (70.1 ±2.7 )% S= ηπ (14.5 ±1.2 )% 535 ωππ (10.6 ±3.2 )% S= K K ( 4.9 ±0.8 )% 437 η (958)π ( 5.3 ±0.9 ) π ± γ ( 2.68±0.31) γγ ( 9.4 ±0.7 ) e + e < CL=90% 659 f 0 (1370) [l] I G (J PC )=0 + (0 ++ ) Mass m = 1200 to 1500 MeV Full width = 200 to 500 MeV f 0 (1370) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ππ seen 672 4π seen 617 4π 0 seen 617 2π + 2π seen 612 π + π 2π 0 seen 615 ρρ dominant 2(ππ) S-wave seen π(1300)π seen

33 Meson Summary Table 31 a 1 (1260)π seen 35 ηη seen 411 K K seen 475 K Knπ not seen 6π not seen 508 ωω not seen γγ seen 685 e + e not seen 685 π 1 (1400) [o] I G (J PC )=1 (1 + ) Mass m =1351± 30 MeV (S = 2.0) Full width = 313 ± 40 MeV π 1 (1400) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) ηπ 0 seen 555 ηπ seen 554 η(1405) [p] I G (J PC )=0 + (0 + ) Mass m = ± 2.5 MeV [n] (S = 2.2) Full width = 51.1 ± 3.4 MeV [n] (S = 2.0) p η(1405) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) Confidence level (MeV/c) K K π seen 425 ηππ seen 563 a 0 (980)π seen 342 η (ππ) S-wave seen f 0 (980)η seen 4π seen 639 ρρ <58 % 99.85% K (892)K seen 125 f 1 (1420) [q] I G (J PC )=0 + (1 ++ ) Mass m = ± 0.9 MeV (S = 1.1) Full width = 54.9 ± 2.6 MeV f 1 (1420) DECAY MODES Fraction ( i / ) p (MeV/c) K K π dominant 438 K K (892)+ c.c. dominant 163 ηππ possibly seen 573 φγ seen 349