A new generation of tools for trawls Dynamic numerical simulation
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1 A ew geeaio of oos fo aws Damic umeica simuaio Beoî INCENT IFREMER 8 ue F. Touec 5600 LORIENT Te : 33 (0) emai : Beoi.ice@ifeme.f ABSTRACT IFREMER ad ECN have bee wokig ogehe fo amos e eas o pobems eaed o he umeica simuaio of aws ad moe geea he umeica simuaio of a kid of fishig gea. The ew mehod we ae peseig beow is i keepig wih ece eseach esus abou damic simuaio of es. I is ow possibe o compue a e wih is acua paamees, ike easici, smmeica shape o o, segheig ope, diffee kids of meshes, hagig aio, ec. To deveop such a simuaio oo, we eed o buid (i) a sofwae i which a he paamees of he fishig gea ae ake io accou; (ii) a sofwae ha compues he phsica behaviou of he fishig gea (saic o damic); (iii) a sofwae o visuaise he esus of cacuaios. The mos compe pa of his wok mos of he ime ess i poi (i), because of he huge amou of paamees ad eemes of a acua fishig e. NOMENCLATURE m i : momeum of he ko umbe i γ i : acceeaio of ko umbe i T : sai i a ba (Newo) H : hdodamic effo o a ba. k : siffess coefficie of a ba : egh of a ba whe T=0 k0 X k : co-odiaes of he ko umbe i : oma veoci : ageia veoci ρ : wae mass pe ui of voume C : hdodamic ficio coefficie f C : hdodamic dag coefficie d
2 D : diamee of he ba L : egh of he ba. THEORETICAL BASIS. INTRODUCTION The mai impoveme esig i he ew damic mehod (vesus CATS, he pevious mehod deveoped i ou ab) cosiss i sovig a of he equiibium equaios a he same ime : his mehod ca be quaified of fu couped mehod. Coseque, hee is o moe esicive hpohesis i he descipio of he sucue.. MECHANICS Each wie of he e is modeed b a igid ba. These bas ae iked ogehe wih pefec kee jois. The feibii of he wies is ake io accou wih aohe iemedia pefec kee joi. The equaios ha mode a e wih N kos ad M bas ae wie beow: N equaios of he damic mechaic baace, wie fo he ko umbe i : miγ i = ( T H ) () fis voisi s M egh equaios akig io accou he easici of he ba which eemiies ae he kos umbe k ad : k = ( kt ) = ( X X ) () k0 k.3 FLUID MECHANICS I ode o simpif he wiig of he equaios, we use scaa poducs o deemie he diffee veoci compoes eaive o each ba : ad.
3 Oe ca wie :. = o = (3) ad ha is o sa = ( ) ( )( ) = (4) The iees of his wiig ess i he possibii o have a pa impici epessio of he veoci compoes (ad coseque, a pa impici epessio of he hdodamic effos) : ),,, ( / / f = (5)(6) Fia, he wo veoci compoes of hdodamic effos ae modeed as foows : f DLC F ρ = (7) d DLC F ρ = (8) The use of (5) ad (6) i (7) ad (8) aows us o have a geae ime sep i he ieaive esouio, ad coseque a fase cacuaio. Wae cue (due o he owig moveme o due o he aua codiios (ide cues, wid cues, swe cue ) ae supposed o be idepede of he e : his meas ha he e device does o peub he wae veoci..4 RESOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS Equaios () () ae mied ogehe ad soved a he same ime. Eea effos (hdodamic effos ad ohe eea effos due o wae cue fo isace) ae amos soved a he same ime as () ad (), due o he pa impici wiig. A each ime sep, we ge a damic equiibium of he sucue whee eve posiio ad eve sai is kow.
4 . INPUTING THE TRAWL PARAMETERS AND CHARACTERISTICS. DESIGNING THE TRAWL The mai impoveme of he aes vesio of he sofwae o ipu he aw desig ess i : is capabii o ake io accou he acua paamee of a aw a easie ad iuiive ieface o ipu daa. Moeove, he sofwae is abe o compue auomaica mos pa of he o iuiive daa ha ca pose a pobem o a o speciais use : The sofwae poposes a defau umeica mesh, which is he basis fo he simuaio. The mesh ca be modified damica b he use. This defiiio is eie mouse-cooed. Shoes bas ae auomaica emoved o epaced. The iiia sucue shape is geeaed so as o miimise he duaio of he simuaio (CPU ime cosumig educio). A each eve of he desig defiiio, a usefu ssem of iba aows he use o ca back eemes ha have bee aead defied (use ime cosumig educio).. CHANGING PARAMETERS Oe of he aims of his simuaio sofwae is o opimise he wokig mode of a aw. Thus, i such a opimisaio pocess, i is quie usefu o have he possibii o chage paamees duig he simuaio. The obvious advaage of such a souio is ha oe does o eed o sa a ove agai he eie simuaio wih is ew paamees. The commecia vesio of he aw simuao DamiT aows he use o modif a desig paamee fom he ipu sofwae ad o foce he cacuaio modue o ake i io accou. A o of ime ca be saved his wa. 3. EXAMPLES We ow pese wo eampes of wha ca be doe wih he sofwae. These eampes ae mai quaiaive bu, of couse, we aso pa a o of aeio o he pecisio of he umeica esus. I coecio wih ha, sevea imes a
5 ea, we ead epeimea campaigs a sea o measue he paamees (geome ad foces) of acua aws (boom ad peagic). Fo he ime beig, we ca cocude ha he mos impoa uceai ies i he behaviou of oe boads. Despie his fac, we have maimum diffeeces of abou 5% bewee umeica ad measued paamees fo a peagic aw. 3. DYNAMIC SIMULATION The fis eampe we pese shows he capabii of he sofwae o ake io accou o ime-cosa owig codiio. Fom his eampe, oe ca imagie he possibiiies o simuae he uig cice of he awe fo isace. The picues beow ae he esus, a diffee ime, of a aw simuaio ude foowig codiios: - he awe is goig fowad swe, - he aw has a capue i is coded, - he deph (ad coseque he wap egh) is ahe sho. Towig speed 3.5 kos Wap egh 300 m Sea boom 00 m Oe boads Pofoi ova 7.4 m² eica ampiude of pue whee m Hoioa ampiude of pue whee m Capue m3 000 kg We have ied diffee swe fequecies so as o deemie a hpoheica aua mode of he aw ad is capue. Gaphs ae give beow. The hick ie is he mesh opeig. The fie ie is he veica posiio of he owig poi.
6 T=6 sec Mesh opeig (deg) Whee eica Posiio (m) Time (sec) T=3 sec Mesh opeig (deg) Whee eica posiio (m) Time (sec)
7 These picues (swe peiod of 6 secods), which ae diec esus of he simuaio show he defomaio of he coded a diffee ime seps. Oe ca aso see he oe boads ad he head ope ae chagig posiios.
8 3. TWIN TRAWLING This fishig echique is moe ad moe used. Is ig is a bi moe compicaed ha ha of a sige usua aw. I his case DamiT is usefu o deemie he good sweep adjusmes.
9 4. PROSPECT The simuaio eampes above poi ou he capaci of he sofwae : To ake io accou he acua paamees of he aws. To compue a o of ieesig simuaios, depedig o he eea ad owig codiios. This sofwae is dedicaed o he aw simuaio bu a kid of device bui wih e ca aso be cacuaed wih his mehod (fish famig, gies, o eve cabe ssems ). REFERENCES Bessoeau JS., (997). Eude damique des sufaces éicuées soupes immegées, (appicaio au chaus). Thèse de Doceu ès scieces, Uivesié de Naes. Ecoe Ceae de Naes, Face. Thée F. (993). Eude de équiibe des sufaces éicuées pacées das u coua uifome (appicaio au chaus). Thèse de Doceu ès scieces, Uivesié de Naes. Ecoe Ceae de Naes, Face.
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