Celle solari «dye» su larga area: dall organico alla perovskite

Transcription

1 Celle solari «dye» su larga area: dall organico alla perovskite Aldo Di Carlo CHOSE Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Polo Solare Organico Regione Lazio University of Rome «Tor Vergata» (Italy) and DYEPOWER, Rome

2 New manufacture processes Conventional Electronics Organic Electronics Conventional semiconductor industry Printing methods High temperature, doping, vacuum Large enterprises Liquid deposition SME and local production

3 Efficiency (%) NREL: Best Organic Research-Cell Efficiencies Perovskites a-si DSC Outline Stabilized Large Area Dye Solar Cell (DSC) modules for BIPV Large area Perovskite modules

4 C. Barolo, C. Bignozzi, R. Boaretto, T.M. Brown, L. Bonandini, E. Busatto, S. Caramori, D. Colonna, G. De Angelis, A. Di Carlo, F. Giannini, A. Guglielmotti, A. Guidobaldi, A. Lanuti, A. Lembo, D. Magistri, P. Mariani, V. Mirruzzo, S. Penna, S. Pietrantoni, D. Prencipe, A. Reale, R. Riccitelli, A. Smarra, G. Soscia, R. Tagliaferro, L. Vesce, G. Viscardi Dyepower (Italy)

5 DSC: Color, transparency and applications

6 The Pilot Production Line The semi-automated Pilot Production Line has been Dyepower R&D Center (Fonte Nuova, Rome) It allows the production of the basic A4 size modules and of the large area strings/panels (made with A4 modules composition) The pilot line is design for an overall throughput of Sqm/Year. Automation permits the repeatability of the production processes. This will solve the critical aspects for the industrialization route.

7 Current (A) Colors Green Bronze Yellow Orange Red Purple Z907 Electr Voc [V] Isc [ma] Jsc [ma/cm 2 ] Pmax [W] Fill Factor [%] Efficiency [%] EL1 EL2 EL EL V [V]

8 Plug n Scale (Dyepower patent) How to scale up? = Series connection The first release of the string had 7 A4 modules connected in series. The output power is 25 W/sqm with an overall transparency of 25%.

9 Normalized Efficiency Normalized Efficiency Is DSC modules stable? IEC tests Normalized Efficiency Time (h) EDP01 Dye = Z907 F538C553 F532C Time (hours) Time (hours) DEff < 5%

10 Eff (%) Stable electrolyte: EDP o C stress Polymeric Electrolyte 2 1 Electrolyte HSE Ionic Liquid - SoventFree EDP01 (Dyepower) Time (h) Thixotropic gel A new electrolyte (EDP01) have been developed to stabilize the cell without compromising the module efficiency. Results are on master plates Liquid

11 Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite from cells to modules F. Matteocci, S. Razza, F. Di Giacomo, S. Casaluci, A. Palma, N. Yagobinia, T. M. Brown, A. Reale, F. Brunetti, A. D Epifanio, S. Licoccia, A. Di Carlo

12 Efficiency (%) NREL: Best Organic Research-Cell Efficiencies (Seok II HOPV 2014) 20.4% a-si The breaktrough in Hybrid Organic/inorganc solar cell is due to a «new» material: Organometal trihalide perovskite In two years Perovskite Solar Cells have improved from 9.7 % up to 20.4 %! A similar progress has never been observer in photovoltaic technology

13 Organometal trihalide Perovskite Organometal trihalide perovskite A=CH 3 NH 3 (+) ; B= Pb (+) ; X= I (-), Cl (-), Br (-) A B C CH 3 NH 3 -Pb-I 3 CH 3 NH 3 -Pb-I 3 Direct band gap of 1.51 ev for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Baikie et al. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 5628

14 Mesostructured vs Planar Easier perovskite grown Better charge collection Easier perovskite grown Better charge transport Less production step No sintering step Boix, P. P., et al.materials Today 17(1):

15 J [ma/cm 2 ] Perovskite solar cells (small area) V OC = 0.81V V(V) J SC = mA/cm^2 FF= 71.3% PCE= 10.5% Area= 0.1cm^2 HTM = P3HT -20 Di Giacomo, et al. J. Power Sources 251, 152 (2014), A. Di Carlo et al. Proc. IEEE Nanotechnology 2014

16 Perovskite module: Fabrication 1.0 Typical fabrication process F. Matteocci, et al Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16 (2014) 3918

17 Efficiency (%) I [ma] Perovskite modules V(V) Eff.= 5.1% Module Best Cell Stability October cm Shelf Life Time (Hours) F. Matteocci, et al Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16 (2014) 3918

18 Perovskite modules 2.0: optimized fab proc. Current (ma) Voltage (V) Three CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x hybrid perovskite modules PCE: 7.7% FF: 0.78 J sc = 11.7mA/cm 2 V OC =3.36V Area= cm 2 March 2014 Eff= 7.7%, cm 2 IV characteristic of series-connected Perovskite based module of Fig SUN AM1.5 G illumination Eff= 13%, 10.1 cm 2 June 2014 A. Di Carlo et al. Proc. IEEE Nanotechnology 2014, F. Matteocci, et al. Prog. Photovoltaics submitted (2014)

19 Scaling-up of perovskite modules (166 cm 2 ) LBIC S. Razza, et al. submitted (2014)

20 Conclusion Most critical IEC tests (UV, HF, DH) have been successfully passed with DSC modules produces on pilot line Dye Solar cells are quite mature to enter into the market (BIPV and indoor). Open issue: improve (stable) efficiency, stable Green/Blue dyes are still missing Hybrid Perovskite materials are becoming very important for solution process optoelectronics (results on Photodiodes are very promising) We have demonstrated that such technology can be scale to module size dimension Q2/2013 Eff. 5.1% (CHOSE - Italy) Q1/2014 Eff. 8.6% (KRITC - Korea) Q2/2014 Eff % (CHOSE - Italy).. Open questions: Pb-free perovskite Stability PRIN DSSCX Funds FP7 CHEETAH DESTINY GO-NEXT