SPES instrumentation: present and future

Transcription

1 SPES instrumentation: present and future Giovanni Casini INFN Firenze outline A key for this presentation Physics leads instrumentation: looking at the LoI's Instrumentation: a summary What we have What's going on What could be added

2 SPES instrumentation: definition in this context The preparation of a radioactive beam (the production, the extraction, the isotope purity selection, the transport and the diagnostics) is crucial and practically part of experiments Therefore INSTRUMENTATION could be also the ancillary equipments (target production monitor, HRMS, beam diagnostic systems...) Here I consider INSTRUMENTATION the final-user set-up NOT: ion production controls, beam diagnostics... (although nuclear physicist field)

3 SPES instrumentation: definition in this context The preparation of a radioactive beam (the production, the extraction, the isotope purity selection, the transport and the diagnostics) is crucial and practically part of experiments Therefore INSTRUMENTATION could be also the ancillary equipments (target production monitor, HRMS, beam diagnostic systems...) Here I consider INSTRUMENTATION the final-user set-up NOT: instrumentation for applications (medicine, nuclear power plants..)

4 SPES instrumentation: a key for this presentation Different approaches to deal with this subject: what is in principle necessary to cover the needs of modern experiments with RIB's what is currenty going on in the other worldwide facilities for exotic beams what is present in Legnaro and in our italian community also considering the existing foreign collaborations I choose the third approach: the instrumentation orbiting around Legnaro and at the activity of the several groups in Italy in the light of the LOI and the beams (see. Covello's and Andrighetto's presentations)

5 SPES instrumentation: previous coordination activity In 2010 an 'internal' SPES instrumentation group was defined having strong overlap with the Gruppo Supporto Scientifico. Members: G.C., G. DeAngelis, G. LaRana, N.Pollarolo Two meetings in 2010 to exchange info, to discuss the apparatus open to SPES, to prepare the SPES web page in view of the International Workshop LNL One meeting was devoted to neutron detectors only Groups were invited and the different detectors present in LNL or under R&D or capable of being transported (partially) to LNL have been considered A dossier-list of the instruments is on the WEB:

6 SPES instrumentation: previous coordination activity LNL detectors (Original list) In blu: partially completed array In red: present In green: R&D at various stages Agata (EU) Fazia (EU) Galileo Garfield Neda (EU) Prisma Ripen Trace (Firb) 8plp Spider Chimera neutron LNS Chimera correlator LNS Others? Groups and funds Paris (EU) Recoil detectors (eg RFD) Spectrometers (eg. Sole LNS) Activity triangle Physics, LOI detectors (new possibilities for SPES) Detectors and beams

7 SPES instrumentation: a travel to poor-known nuclearlands The produced ions from UCx sliced target: Sb,Xe,Ba,Sn,In Kr,Zr,Rb,Ge,Se Batch mode Or other carbides Al,Ti,Ni...?

8 SPES instrumentation vs. Reaction Channels The most important reaction channels to study nuclei and nuclear matter with RIBS Constraints: bombarding energies from 3 to 12 AMeV (for A around 100) Exotic light species from SiC production targets N>>Z intermediate nuclei from UC-x fission targets Batch mode operation: the 'corriere dello zar ' method central Complete Fusion: X+Y CN*(X+Y) and evaporation Incomplete Fusion X+Y CN'*(X+Y') + Y Deep inelastic scattering X+Y X*'+ Y* Multinucleon Transfer X+Y X*'+ Y* Transfer reactions in reverse kinematics: Coulomb Excitation X+Y X*+ Y and decay and their decay where X is the radioactive beam and their decay X+y(light) (d,p) or (d,3he) or (d,t) + Z' and decay Roma, CSN3 31 january 2012 peripheral

9 SPES instrumentation vs. 1a Coulomb Excitation This is a appealing chapter Sn, Te 138 PRO PRO Single particle states spectroscopy in unknown regions Metallic beams of n-rich Sn,Te A=134Sn, Te Eb=4-5MeV/u Pb gamma Heavy Powerful spectroscopic technique, favoured by the large Coulomb cross sections and suitable for low-intensity beams like RIBs Scattered PROJ detected in Si-Arrays for example SPIDER or TRACE Fine study of gamma emission B(E2,0+-->2+) GALILEO Shell model predictions GOSIA code strength 134 Sn

10 SPES instrumentation vs. 1b Coulomb Excitation 148 Ce Exotic octupolar shapes in n-rich Ce-Xe-Ba nuclei; dynamical symmetries and deformed bands in nuclei; shape transitions PRO PRO Beams of n-rich Ce,Xe,Ba,Sr Compare with results in other massregions -Energy and lifetime measurements Pb,Au Heavy 98 Sr Octupolar states Also projectiles 144 Xe, 142 Ba,98 Sr Scattered PROJ detected in Si-Array for example SPIDER or in TRACE Fine study of gamma emission B(E3) B(E1) B(E2) Dipole Y32 Y30 Y33 THETRA GALILEO strengths DIPOL

11 SPES instrumentation vs. 1c Coulomb Excitation 99 Onset of deformation with N/Z and Shape coexistence Y PRO 99 Y PRO Pb Heavy Beta-decay in case of isomers Scanning from N=50 to N=63 for Yttrium Scattered PROJ detected in Si-Array for example TRACE Fine study of gamma emission Beta Decay measurements on the implantend isomers In some nuclear regions (Sr,Zr) observed a small quadrupole at low N then a sudden increase at N>60. Oblate to prolate deformation; Coulex also for isomers (with beta-decay tagging) GALILEO DSSSD dedicated? TRACE?

12 1d SPES instrumentation vs. Coulomb Excitation LoI citing this kind of technique: Sn,138 Te + Pb B.Melon SPIDER+GALILEO odd-a D.Mengoni TRACE+GALILEO 136 Ba,138 Ce + C N.Pietralla SPIDER/TRACE+GALILEO 138 Xe,140 Ba+ C 134 Ba,Ce,Xe + Pb E.Sahin, G.DeAngelis SPIDER/TRACE+GALILEO 98Sr + Au D.Tonev TRACE+GALILEO 84 Ge,86,88 Se+ Pb X.Valiente-Dobòn TRACE+AGATA Y+ X M.Kmiecic TRACE/DSSSD+ AGATA+ PARIS

13 SPES instrumentation vs. transfer (direct 2a reactions) in reverse kinematics An other big chapter when no targets can be made! CD2 n-rich Sn,Sb,In DR RES Shell model tests to describe states of the type 2n or 2p or 1h and so on Metallic beams of n-rich Sn A=123 and 131,134 Eb=5-10MeV/u Sn LCP 132Sn(d,p)133Sn 1n 132Sn(d,t)131Sn 1h 132Sn(d,3He)131In 2h 123Sn(d,p)124Sn interest for s-process LCP detected and identified in TRACE (or in SOLE LNS?!) Fine study of gamma emission AGATA

14 SPES instrumentation vs. transfer (direct 2b reactions) in reverse kinematics CD2 N=51 N=50 82 Ga,80 Zn d,p 81 close to the N=50 shell i.e. for 78Ni; Does N=50 shell persist? charge invariance in mirror nuclei RES Ga,79 Zn N=50 N=49 Single particle orbitals in the region Metallic beams of n-rich Sn A=123 and 131,134 Eb=5-10MeV/u p or He ALSO: odd-a investigation for 73-79Cu(t,4He)74-80Zn LCP det. And identified in QP detected and identified in TRACE (or in SOLE LNS?!) Fine study of gamma emission AGATA

15 SPES instrumentation vs. transfer (direct 2c reactions) in reverse kinematics LoI citing this kind of technique: Ni.Erturk AGATA+PARIS+NEDA odd-a D.Mengoni TRACE+GALILEO 136 Ba,138 Ce + C N.Pietralla SPIDER/TRACE+GALILEO 138 Xe,140 Ba+ C 78 Ba,Ce,Xe + Pb E.Sahin, G.DeAngelis SPIDER/TRACE+GALILEO 98Sr + Au D.Tonev TRACE+GALILEO 84 Ge,86,88 Se+ Pb X.Valiente-Dobòn TRACE+AGATA

16 3a SPES instrumentation vs. MNT (multinucleon transfer) Binary channel where a QP is well detected Br,Se,Kr X MNT 1n-rich E.g. Shape Transition from spherical to deformate in The g.s. In the region Ge-Br n-rich QP beams of n-rich Rb A=90,92 to 95 Eb=5-10MeV/u Z,A identific. Ge,Br gamma 90,92Rb MNT>> -2p+xn 90,92 Br 90,92Rb MNT>> -3p+xn 90,92 Se r-process calc. Based on extrapolated data (masses, T1/2 and -delayed n emission prob.) These quantities enter the models but they depend on N/Z as the shape changes (waiting point) 95Rb MNT >> -1p+xn 95Kr QP detected and identified in PRISMA Fine study of gamma emission AGATA HE collective gamma emission Or as a multiplicity filter PARIS ROMA CSN III

17 SPES instrumentation vs. Deep Inelastic Collisions 3b Binary channel where a QP is (or QP-QT are) detected Pb Sn DIC n-rich Sn gamma High-lying states via DIC QP Nuclear Vibrations: how do dipolar states evolve vs. N/Z at high excitation (still under particle threshold)? Z,A identific. QP detected and identified in PRISMA 132 Fine study of gamma emission AGATA HE collective gamma emission Or as a multiplicity filter PARIS Isospin Drift of diffusion; how N/Z can affect reaction dynamics and emissions QP Reaction products (from Z=1 upward) detected and identified in FAZIA, GARFIELD, 8plp, CHIMERA-correlator Sn, 94 Kr 40 QT Isospin dynamics and EOS Ca, others ROMA CSN III Energetic beams of n-rich Sn Eb=10-12MeV/u

18 3c SPES instrumentation vs. MNT and DIC LoI citing this kind of technique: Sr,Kr,Se,Sn L.Corradi 130,132Sn,Ge,Br PRISMA+GALILEO S.Leoni PRISMA+GALILEO n-rich X+ U C.Ur SPIDER/TRACE+GALILEO Kr,Xe,Sn + Ca,Pb G.Casini GARFIELD+FAZIA Kr + Ca 84 S.Pirrone Chimera+FAZIA + RIPEN/NEDA Ge,86,88 Se+ Pb A.Stefanini PRISMA

19 4a SPES instrumentation vs. Incomplete Fusion incomplete Fusion and decay 7 Sb Li CN Krakow Shell structure close to Z=50 A=82 double magic Sn: Multiplet states just under or above magicity e.g. 132Sb Z=50+1 and N=82-1 Sn+t Sn beams of n-rich Sn A=126 to 133 Eb=5-7MeV/u neutron Alfa (Sb) Gamma spectra give access to 1p-1h structure in 132Sb (Z=51,N=81)) (and 1p-1n in 134Sb) Few data are present: Residual interaction and Shell Model refinement at high spin Alpha detected in TRACE To get a precise trigger Fine study of gamma emission AGATA HE collective gamma emission or as a multiplicity filter PARIS 132Sn 132Sb 132Sn 134Sb

20 4b SPES instrumentation vs. Fusion-ER complete Fusion and decay: channels alpha-neutron or only neutron CN 90,94 Rb 130 Octupole vs. quadrupole deformation At High L states in Ac,Fr ER Te Alkaline beams of Rb (highest intensities) Eb=4MeV/u n Alpha (Fr) Recoil detector for ER RFD (Poland) Decay channel ER selection αn 220Fr TRACE Decay channel ER selection n 220Ac Fine study of gamma emission HE collective gamma emission Or as a multiplicity filter AGATA or GALILEO (PARIS) High spin with Heavy ions

21 4c SPES instrumentation vs. DIC a/o FUSION Several LOI are devoted to isospin equilibration in dissipative reactions Pt Sn 40 Ca DDR gamma DDR: fast oriented collective emission on the way to fusion or DIC; rise-and-fall trend with energy beams of Sn and alkaline (highest intensities) Eb=6-12MeV/u; purity an issue! System-pair comparison Other RIBs: 132Te, 141Cs Comparison 2 systems leading to the same CN but having different initial N/Z asymmetry Relative Gamma yield 16MeV/u Relevant observable: gamma-direction (lighthouse) ER detector Charged-particle spectrometer High energy gamma detector FAZIA, 8plp, gas PPAC, PARIS, BaF2 array (like Hector or Serpe) ROMA CSN III

22 SPES instrumentation vs. Fusion-ER 4d complete Fusion and decay CN Sn 136 Te Shell structure: the passage from order to chaos at Temperature from 2 to 4 MeV ER Ca Vanishing good quantum numbers with N/Z Rotational bands mixing increases with N/Z and T Loss of selection rules on K with temperature Quasi- continuum Gamma spectra Eγ=0.8-2MeV from 176Yb or 180Hf K quantum number Metallic beams of n-rich Sn,Te Eb=5MeV/u HE collective gamma emission or as a multiplicity filter Loss γ of K flow (PARIS) Fine study of gamma emission AGATA a/o GALILEO K is robust at T=0 (K-isomers ) Till now e.g.: High-Spin Fusion Evaporation 50Ti on 217 MeV, I 60 AGATA+HELENA+PRISMA

23 4e SPES instrumentation vs. Fusion-ER complete Fusion at and well below the barrier VC CN Sr 100 Zr Around VC: Exotic mutiphonon shapes and fusion process: interplay between structure and dynamics Well below VC (down to 1 barn): Nuclear potentials for close systems ER Ca Precise measurement of the yield of ER with a Spectrometer Metallic beams of n-rich Sr,Zr Eb<5MeV/u ISOL beams PRISMA (in GFM?)+ GALILEO Batch-mode: beams of n-poor Ni To access n-poor A=100 nuclei Active target+ GALILEO + NEDA Previous 58Ni+60Ni case: Barrier Structure ROMA CSN III (So far with the PISOLO@lnl spectrometer)

24 4f SPES instrumentation vs. Fusion+ ER or Fission CN Zr,Kr fission ER X Metallic beams of n-rich Sr,Zr,Kr Eb up to maximum ER detection And decay study Complex dynamical process involving all the system d.o.f. Fission time delay and pre-scission emission Behaviour as a function of N/Z Competition between fission and fusion (ER) Interest also for r-process: fission competion around Z=92 stops the nuclear size growth; what is fission for very n-rich nuclei? 8plp + Corset multidetector+ RIPEN GARFIELD, FAZIA + RIPEN CHIMERA (parts) + RIPEN

25 4g SPES instrumentation vs. Fusion ER in reverse kinematics CN 134 Sn 4 Decay properties change with N/Z due to the change of the level-density and to the possible Temp dependence of symmetry energy ER He Standard DECAY gamma With N/Z effects n Metallic beams of n-rich Sn Eb at low energy Gas target! ER detection And decay study? MODELS: dramatic change in neutron decay channel Neutron counting and spectroscopy RIPEN/NEDA ER detection LNL spectrometer ROMA CSN III Possible gamma detection AGATA? Low energy: short decay chain Low spin: small collective contrib

26 7 SPES instrumentation vs. FUSION LoI citing this kind of experiments: Sr,100 Zr+ 40Ca A.Stefanini PRISMA n-rich Zr,Kr,Sn E.Vardaci 8plp RIPEN 134 Sn+ 4He A.Di Nitto recoil + RIPEN/NEDA + AGATA + DIAMANT n-rich Rb P.Bednarczyk TRACE AGATA RFD 98 batch-mode p-rich 56Ni (e.g.100sn from 56Ni+50Cr) F.Recchia AGATA NEDA (neutron evap) active targ? Kr,Cs,Sn + Ca,Ni G.Casini GARFIELD+PARIS/HECTOR Light n-poor + Li,Au G.Baiocco GARFIELD

27 SPES instrumentation: Giants and Dwarfs in an active environment Dynamics E/A 6-12 MeV Instrumentation: GARFIELD, FAZIA, CHIMERA, NEDA, RIPEN, PRISMA,8plp Structure E/A 3-5 MeV Instrumentation: GALILEO, AGATA, PRISMA, PARIS, TRACE, SPIDER, SOLE ROMA31 CSN january III Roma, CSN3

28 D1 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on AGATA (to be completed) SO FAR: 5 asymmetric triple-clusters 36-fold segmented crystals 555 digital-channels Eff. 3 8 Mg = 1 Eff. 2 4 Mg = 30 Full EDAQ with on line PSA and g-ray tracking In beam Commissioning an first site: LNL 16O AGATA capability with -ray tracking comparable to conventional arrays with a much larger number of crystals Selection with TRACE β 20% Many experiments (about 20) in LNL coupled with PRISMA Now to GSI ( eff=10%) then GANIL (till 2015 eff=20%) Completion within the MOU (?) Coulpling with PRISMA-TRACE; requests also from other groups High priority for the SPES project Gate on a given A,Z

29 D2 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on GALILEO (in construction) A resident gamma array in Legnaro during the SPES age Exployting the R&D of AGATA in terms of preamplifiers Electronics and algorithms DAQ And re-using the Euroball cluster detectors of the Euroball collaboration now at GSI: 15x7 clusters! And re-using the GASP detectors in Legnaro A good solution: mixed configuration 3-detectors clusters (10 clusters) coupled with GASP detectors (30 devices) all mounted within 24cm from the target Various R&D items: redesign the cryostat for Clusters, graphite end-caps for the old GASP Ge-detectors; new AntiCompton scintillators; new electronics READY FALL 2013

30 D3 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on TRACE (in construction) It's a modern device for LCP and fragment detection conceived for gammacoincidence studies High quality Si-Si strip telescopes ( mm thickness) with integrated digital Electronics Direct reactions and/or Coulex measurements First experiment/test in LNL coupled with AGATA+PRISMA and Orsay Funded partially by Firb Coulpling with AGATA (complete or not) or with GALILEO and PRISMA High priority for the SPES project

31 D4 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on SPIDER (in construction) It's a simple efficient annular Si-detector useful for Coulomb-Excitation measurements (deflected PROJ detection) Coulex measurements 300micron Si-strip det Strip detector developed for the Nucl-Ex RingCounter, good also for this application First-day Experiments with SPES (low current beams practicable) Coulpling with AGATA or with GALILEO Very versatile set-up for 1-day SPES experiments

32 D5 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on PRISMA (available+r&d) PRISMA is fundamental for RIB fusion studies (beam rejection capabilities 0deg) Operation under study: in vacuum or in gas-filled-mode, so to convey ER to the focal plane. Exotic CN detected: further decay could be studied with specific instrumentation. Agata Prisma GAS-FILLED-MODE Vacuum operation Many experiments in LNL coupled with AGATA Upgrading under study: GFM operation; second arm for KCM, small LaBr3 array Coulpling with AGATA (complete or not) or with GALILEO R&D very important for SPES experiments

33 D6 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on CHIMERA (available+r&d) Granularity 1192 telescopes Si (300µm) +CsI(Tl) CsI(Tl) Geometry RINGS: 688 telescopes cm SPHERE: 504 telescopes 40 cm Angular range RINGS: 1 < θ < 30 SPHERE: 30 < θ < 176 Experimental observables and performances TOF δt 1 ns δe/e Si 1 94% of 4π Identification method E-E E-TF PSD in CsI(Tl) PSD in Si (upgrade 2008) LCP (Light Charge Particles) 2% 30 Many experiments in LNS Upgrading under study: better A,Z identification; digital techniques Developments: correlator + neutrons δe/e HI (Heavy Ions) 1% Energy, Velocity, A, Z, angular distributions Detection threshold 1 MeV/A for H.I. CHIMERA@LNL 2 MeV/A for LCP CHIMERA parts+ New developments on CHIMERA (correlator ROMA CSN III neutrons)

34 D7 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on FAZIA (in construction) ΔE ΔE 1 2 Low thresholds needed ion Best effort to identify ions stopped in the first Si chip (Z and even A) An array of 192 telescope should be ready end 2013 S Si i 300μ 500μ CsI(Tl) International collaboration defined within a MoU (signed july 2011) European link to Spiral2pp 100 mm Features PSA from silicons and CsI DPSA Entirely digitized electronics Status-of-the-art A,Z identification Max of the current signal Modularity

35 D8 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on RIPEN (available) 24 big BC501 scintillators are available in LNL. They have been recently recovered and equipped with modern fast sampling digital electronics and a new DAQ Neutron gate tof Original set-up CN@LNL LiF-Au target Good n/gamma separation above En=150 kevee n-energy via tof measurement First experiment at CN@ LNL in the framework of Euronu project Next steps towards Fluka simulations (response function) Possible experiments with charge particle detectors (Fazia, 8plp, Garfield) in a new scattering chamber

36 D9 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on NEDA (project phase) NEDA is a big Eu-project with a W.G. Structure aimed at an R&D and then the construction of a new neutron detector both for Spiral2 and SPES About 200 crystals 2-5% for 2n coincidences Powerful selector for n-deficient nuclei from neutron evaporation channel of CN improved identification of 2n (or more) chains avoiding cross-talk: relative tof + PSA Z=N+4 New materials or BC501 Geometry PSA n-gamma Fast Digital Electronics APD instead of PM? risetime Features under study TOF MoU for R&D signed Sinergies with AGATA / EXOGAM / PARIS collaborations Interest from reaction mechanism groups (especially if a good DE/E will be possible...)

37 D10 SPES Istrumentation: the present activity on GARFIELD and 8PLP (available) Forward angle RingCsI counter IC Garfield+Ring Counter Charge particle spectrometer with low-threshold gas detectors 300 Digital Electronics channels DPSA from IC, Si, CsI 8plp + FF TOFarm Charge particle spectrometer oriented to fusion-fission studies Si-CsI for Z,A identification ARRAYS devoted to reaction mechanism studies covering different kind of channels Available at LNL Experiments with HE gamma detectors (PARIS, LaBr3) and or neutrons (RIPEN)

38 D11 SPES Istrumentation, other possibilities: An Eu-project within Spiral2 High energy gamma detection PARIS (project phase) COMPACT PHOSWICH ARRAY Innovative scintillators LaBr + CsI Reverse kin. Transfer reactions HELIOS at ARGONNE SOLE (existing at LNS) Precise particle kinematics reconstruction in a solenoidal field? SOLE Superconducting Solenoid 00 θ 60

39 SPES Istrumentation Conclusions RiBs studies need high-quality detectors and techniques Italian groups are strongly involved in several national and european R&Ds and are in charge of well-performing detectors The equipments and the expertise of the nuclear physics groups both in LNL or oriented to LNL are a robust basis for SPES future experimets The fundamental instrumentation are researchers: so, a manpower recruitement strategy is to be discussed in the right places