Perturbative and Non-perturbative Aspects of the Chern-Simons-Witten Theory

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1 Indonesin Jounl of Physis Vol 9 No Jnuy 8 Petubtive nd Non-petubtive Aspets of the Chen-Simons-itten Theoy Asep Yoyo dy F P Zen b Jus Sli Kossih Tiynt d Deptment of Physis Diponegoo Univesity Semng Indonesi Cente fo Theoetil nd Mthemtil Physis (ICTMP Theoetil Physis Lbotoy TEPI Division Fulty of Mthemtis nd Ntul Sienes Institut Tenologi Bndung Bndung sepyoyo@yhoooid ; b fpen@fiitbid ; jus@fiitbid ; d tiynt@fiitbid Abstt e investigte eltion between non-petubtive nd petubtive ses in the + dimensionl Chen-Simons- itten (CS theoy fo G E 6 guge goup In the petubtive se we lulte the vuum epettion vlue (VEV of n unnotted ilson loop opeto up to ode / ( is oupling onstnt The esult bove is poved to be identil to the polynomil invint E ( in the non-petubtive se t the sme ode of epnsion Keywods: VEV CS ilson loop opeto non-petubtive petubtive Intodution The + dimensionl Chen-Simons-itten (CS theoies hve been etensively onsideed by mthemtiins nd physiists In 988 Edwd itten estblished the onnetion between Chen- Simons guge theoy nd the theoy of not nd lin invints whee thee e the equivlene between vuum epettion vlues (VEV of ilson loops (petubtive methods nd polynomil invints (non-petubtive methods In this ppe we will show the equivlene epliitly fo the goup G E 6 e will estit ouselves to the theedimensionl mnifold R Let A be G-onnetion 4 The usul CS tion is given by CS ( ν ν ν 4 ε ( R S d T A A + i A A A whee T denotes the te in the fundmentl epesenttion of G nd is oupling onstnt Summtion ove epeted indies is undestood The ilson loop opeto is lbeled by loop C embedded in R nd epesenttion of G - 6 nd is defined s ( C T ( Pep C A ( In this eqution P denotes pth-odeed nd A A T with T being the geneto of G in the epesenttion The ognition of the ppe is the following In Setion we will disussed the CS theoy by the use of non-petubtive method whee the goup E 6 is ten into onsidetion Setion on the othe hnd will disuss the sme theoy but petubtively nd ompe the esults with tht fom the pevious setion The finl setion Setion 4 is devoted to onlusions Non-Petubtive Methods in the CS Theoy fo Guge Goup E 6 The polynomil invint E ( given in the epesenttion in the non-petubtive se of the CS theoy is ten into ount in this setion Fo E 6 guge goup E ( hs been omputed in Ref 6 In this setion we will disuss the omputtion of E ( by using the Biding fomul Fom the deomposition of tenso podut b t t the following qudti lgebi eqution mong E ( is fulfilled 6-8 b t t ( ( ( ( E E E If nd b e the sme epesenttions we n onstut the eqution ± Q( q E ( ± Q( t β q E ( (4 t t t whee the symmety fto β t equls +(- if t is podued unde (nti- symmety ombintion of the two Now we will pply the bove epessions to the se of the G E 6 goup guge A deomposition of tenso podut of two fundmentl epesenttions 7 of E 6 is s 5 7s (5 whee s( denotes the inde of (nti- symmeti epesenttion The lgebi equtions deived fom it e ( 7 ( 5 ( 5 ( 7 E E + E + E (6 ± Q( 7 ( / Q( 5 7 ± 5 q E q E

2 4 IJP Vol 9 No 8 ± ( / Q( 5 ± ( / Q( 7 q E 5 + q E 7 (7 Tble Qudti Csimis of the E 6 guge goup 6 Q(65 Q ( 5' Q ( 5 Q ( 78 Q ( Using the Qudti Csimis in tble we get nontivil solution: E ( 7 [ ] [ 9 ] (8 q q whee nottions in the eq (8 e defined s [ ] (9 nd i q ep + Q( dj ; Q( Adj Q( 78 (9b If eq (8 is epnded in powes of / we get E ( ( This is the polynomil invint in the nonpetubtive se of the CS theoy This epession will be ontsted to the VEV of the ilson loop opeto in petubtive se of the sme theoy Petubtive Methods of the Chen-Simons- itten Theoy In this setion we will do some omputtions in the CS theoy petubtively ie we will lulte the VEV of the ilson loop opeto Beuse of guge invine in ode to pefom the quntition we dopt the stndd Fddeev-Popov poedue Then the totl tion is obtined by dding S guge-fiing nd S ghost to the usul CS tion 4 : Stot ( A φ SCS ( A + Sguge fiing + Sghost ν d ε T A A + i A A A 4 M ν 4 M d g g A νφ + ( ν ν ν M d g g ( Dν ( whee φ is the Lgnge multiplie (uiliy field nd b b D f A ( The tion ( gives ise guge popgto nd theeguge vete They e 4 b i b ( y A ( Aν ( y δ ε ( ν y b A( Ab( y A ( 4 f βγ νβλ γτ ν ε ε ε ε y λ τ dw w w y w (b In the CS theoy one onsides VEV of the ilson loop opeto defined s 9 C ( ep A DA Dφ D D T P DA Dφ DD e istot istot e (4 In the eq (4 the ontibution of guge-fiing nd ghost fields vnish Then the VEV of the ilson loop opeto n be witten in n epession in tems of popgtos nd veties 4 : + ν d dy A ( y A ( C T i d A + d dy d dw A w A A y A + ν ν y i d dy d A ( Aν ( y A ( ν y ν ν y w λ i d dy d dw dv Aλ ( v A ( w A ( Aν ( y A ( ν y w λ v τ d dy d dw dv du A ( u A ( v A ( w A ( A ( y A ( + (5 τ λ ν The VEV in eq (5 n be epessed in powes of ( / The tem ( / is ontibuted by T dim 7 The ( / tem omes fom ( b ν b ν T R R d dy A y A i dim Q 7 C ϕ (6 with the mti fom of the qudti Csimi fo the fundmentl epesenttion is given by Q 7 R R (7 nd ϕ ( C is equl to ν ( y ϕ( C d dy ε ν 4 4 y ( ( s ( t ( s ( t (8 ν ds dt ε s t ν Note tht n epliit pmeteition { (t : t } of C hs been used in lultion of the eq (8 Let us nlye the ( / pt of ( C This n be witten s ν y T i d dy d A ( Aν ( y A ( ν y + d dy d dw A w A A y A ν

3 IJP Vol 9 No 8 5 dim Q Adj Q 7 dim Q 7 ς ( C ϕ ( C + dim Q( Adj Q( 7 ς ( C (9 whee fo the E 6 guge goup thee e eltions in b d bd qudti Csimi : δ Q ( Adj f f Then ς ( C omes fom A ( w A ( A ( y A ( tht is ς ν tem ν y C d dy d dw C 8 y ( ενεβ ( y On the othe hnd the ontibution of the vete A ( A ( y A ( with ν is ν y ς ( C d dy d ( y C ν ( y ( ε ε ε ε βγ ν νβλ γτ y λ τ dw w w y w ( e hoose the unnot ondition of the VEV bove s the pmeteition of n unit ile defined s U { ( s ( os ssin s : s } ( vnish Aodingly the vlues of ϕ ( U nd ς ( U 4 while the vlue of ς ( U is s t ν ( U ds dt du ( s ( t ( u whee ς CCC δ ( b + δ b δ ν ν ν (4 y ( t ( s (5 b ( u ( s (5b C b b ( b C ( b b+ b (5 (5d ( + (5e C b b b Now we will ompute ( O the VEV of n unnotted ilson loop opeto t the ode of ( / Fo ode ( / nd ( / ( O n be witten s ( + i ( O T d A (6 Futhemoe the ( / pts of ( O n be witten s ( O dim Q( Adj Q( 7 ς ( U (7 Let us now ontinue ou lultions to ode The VEV of n unnotted ilson loop opeto in the + dimensionl Chen-Simons-itten theoy fo this ode is divided into two pts tht is ( C ( nd ( C ( b ( C ( b involves A 6 tem ombintions of thee guge popgtos of eq (5 tht is ν y w λ v τ T d dy d dw dv du Aτ ( u Aλ ( v A ( w A ( Aν ( y A ( (8 This eq (8 vnishes if the ondition of pmeteition ( is ten into ount: ( b O (9 The ( C ( on the othe hnd hs the fom of ombintions of the popgto nd the vete ν y w λ T i d dy d dw dv Aλ ( v A ( w A ( Aν ( y A ( iq( Adj 8 ε dim y w Q( 7 d dy d dw dv ν λ v w v λ ν ( y + ελ ν ( y w w v w v ( v y ( v + ελν ( w w + ελ ν ( w y w v y v y + ε λν ( y v v + εν λ ( v v y ( y + ε λν ( v y v + εν λ v v y ( ( y + ε λν v y v + εν λ v v y iq ( Adj dim ν y w λ Q ( 7 d dy d dw dv 6

4 6 IJP Vol 9 No 8 v v y ελ ν ( y w w + ελν w w v v y y + εν λ ( v v + ε λν ( v y v y ( + ε λν v y v ( Agin ting the unnot ondition ( tems in eqution ( hve the vlues oding to y w ( ν λ d dy d dw dv ε ( w v y v λν i 6 ( ν y w λ ε λν ( d dy d dw dv v y v i (b 6 ν y w λ d dy d dw dv ( v ε λ ν ( y w w v y + ε ν λ ( v v i ( y ( v y ν y w λ ε λν ( d dy d dw dv w w v y i (d ν y w λ ( v d dy d dw dv ε ( w y w λ ν v i (e 6 ( v w ν y w λ d dy d dw dv ε y λ ν v w ( y ( + ε y v v λν ( ( + ε ν w v v λ y ( y + εν λ v v i (f y 6 Note tht the lultions in eqution (-f use the fming ontou methods tht hve the solution ε t y t t + n t ( { } n s e is (b ( n ( t ε > ( Theefoe fo unnot ondition ( we get Q Adj Q O dim ( Finlly fom the eq (6 (7 (9 nd ( we obtined the VEV of the unnotted ilson loop opeto up to ode / tht is ( O (4 It tuns out tht eq (4 is identil to the eq ( in non-petubtive se 4 Conlusions e hve obtined the epliit epession of the polynomil invint of the CS theoy unde the guge goup E 6 up to the thid ode in (/ by the used of the Biding fomul e hve lso lulted epliitly the VEV of the unnotted ilson loop opeto in the sme theoy unde the sme guge goup up to the thid ode in (/ The esult is tht both omputtions e identil up to the sme ode Sine the polynomil invint nd the VEV of the ilson loop opeto desibes the nonpetubtive nd petubtive spets of the + dimensionl CS theoy espetively we onlude tht the sme esults bove show equivlene between both spets in the + dimensionl CS theoy Anowledgements AY would lie to thn BPPS Dijen Diti Republi of Indonesi fo finnil suppot e lso nowledges ll membes of Theoetil Physis Lbotoy Deptment of Physis ITB fo wmest hospitlity This eseh is finnilly suppoted by Riset Intensionl ITB No 54/K 7/PL/8 Refeenes E itten Quntum Field Theoy nd The Jones Polynomil LASSNS-EP-88/ Sept 988 E itten Guge Theoies nd Integble Lttie Models Nul Phys B E Gudgnini M Mtellini M Minthev ilson Line in Chen-Simons Theoy nd Lin Invints Cen-T 54/89 IFUP-T 4/89 My E Gudgnini M Mtellini nd M Minthev Chen-Simons Field Theoy nd Lin Invints Cen-T 5479/89 Sept989 5 M yshi FP Zen Gvittionl Stteing in + Dimensions nd ilson Loop Opetos Pogess of Theoetil Physis 9: Febui M yshi Clultion of Knot Polynomils fo Unnotted Knot Pogess of Theoetil Physis 9: July 99

5 IJP Vol 9 No FP Zen et l Tethedon Digm in Chen- Simons-itten Theoy Int Adv Teh Congess CATS 5 Kul Lumpu Mlysi De 5 8 F P Zen et l OMFLY Polynomil in SU(N Chen-Simons-itten Theoy oshop on Theoetil Physis Yogyt 6 9 Do B-Ntn Petubtive Chen-Simons Theoy J Knot Theo Rmif Tiynt et l The Vuum Epettion Vlues of ilson Loop Opeto in Chen-Simons- itten Theoy Po Int Conf on Mthemtis nd Ntul Sienes (ICMNS Bndung Nov 9-6 A Y dy et l Petubtive Clultion of the Chen-Simons- itten Theoy oshop on Theoetil Physis Suby 9 My 7

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