Digital Modulation Schemes
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1 Digial Modulaio cheme Digial ramiio chai igal repreeaio ime domai Frequecy domai igal pace Liear modulaio cheme Ampliude hi Keyig (AK) Phae hi Keyig (PK) Combiaio (APK, QAM) Pule hapig Coiuou Phae Modulaio (CPM) Frequecy hi Keyig (FK) pecial Cae (MK, GMK) Geeraio o CPM igal IV/ Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Digial ramiio Chai IV/ ramiio chai block diagram quadraure modulaor b ymbol mappig I I r pule hapig p r ( ) co Ipu bi I i pule hapig p i ( ) i iormaio ymbol baebad igal (real & imagiary par) badpa igal Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
2 Repreeaio i ime domai IV/3 Badpa ad baebad igal badpa igal = Re { } j e wih = + j r i baebad igal i he complex evelope o he badpa igal Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Repreeaio i requecy domai IV/4 Badpa igal ( ) i ( ) r ( ) Baebad igal ( ) i ( ) ( ) r ( ) ( ) ( ) = ( ) r = r i i Real-valued badpa igal ca be characerized by baebad igal ad carrier requecy Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
3 Repreeaio i igal pace IV/5 Coellaio diagram Im{ } Re{ } Real par ( iphae compoe ) ad imagiary par ( quadraure compoe ) o he baebad igal ca be depiced i oe wo-dimeioal diagram Coellaio diagram Modulaio ymbol uually ploed a ixed poi i diagram Coellaio diagram i very coveie or repreeaio o liear modulaio cheme Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Ampliude hi Keyig (AK) Badpa igal Example: 4-AK = I p( ) p = rec IV/6 r Baebad igal Coellaio diagram i i r Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
4 Phae hi Keyig (PK) Badpa igal Example: QPK = I p( ) p = rec IV/7 r i - - Baebad igal Coellaio diagram i r - Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Ampliude Phae hi Keyig (APK) Badpa igal Example: 8-APK = I p( ) p = rec IV/8 r i Baebad igal Coellaio diagram i r Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
5 Quadraure Ampliude Modulaio (QAM) Badpa igal Example: 6-QAM = I p( ) p = rec IV/9 r i Baebad igal Coellaio diagram i r Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Pule hapig he power pecral deiy o he ramied igal deped o he modulaio pule: Φ ( ) = C P( ) IV/ Modulaio pule p PD o ramied igal Φ ( ) Recagular pule hapig lead o a broadbad pecrum Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
6 Raied Coie pecrum Compromie bewee bad limiaio ad ime duraio o he modulaio pule: Raied Coie (RC) pule hapig: β = ime domai p β = Frequecy domai P( ) IV/ β =.5 p β =.5 P( ) β = p β = P( ) Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Raied Coie pecrum Aer amplig wih he amplig rae =/, he pecrum o he igal i repeaed periodically β = ime domai p β = Frequecy domai P( ) IV/ β =.5 p β =.5 P( ) β = p β = P( ) Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
7 Evelope Flucuaio Aer pule hapig he rami igal o a liear modulaio cheme ha a o-coa evelope IV/3 QPK igal aer Raied Coie hapig Coellaio diagram i β =.5 β =. 5 r Zero Croig lead o rog power lucuaio Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Oe-QPK o avoid Zero-Croig, he imagiary par o he rami igal ca be hied by /, compared o he real par Oe-QPK igal aer RC hapig Coellaio diagram i β =.5 β =. 5 IV/4 r Zero Croig ca be avoided uig Oe-QPK Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
8 Oe-QPK IV/5 Badpa igal Oe-QPK Coellaio diagram r - Baebad igal i r i - Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber /4-QPK IV/6 For he /4-QPK modulaio cheme, he phae o each ymbol i addiioally hied by /4=45 Coellaio diagram i r Zero croig ca be avoided ime ychroizaio i idepede rom ramied ymbol Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
9 Frequecy ucio Coiuou Phae Modulaio = h I p( ) Modulaio idex Modulaio ymbol Frequecy pule ϕ ( τ ) dτ = Phae ucio IV/7 ϕ h h h Frequecy ucio Phae ucio Example: -CPFK jϕ = e p = rec h Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Frequecy hi Keyig (FK) IV/8 ϕ Phae diagram o -CPFK Example: -CPFK 4h 3h p = rec h h h p.5.4 Pule hapig h 3h 4h 5h.3.. Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
10 Miimum hi Keyig (MK) IV/9 Badpa igal h = p = rec r Baebad igal Coellaio diagram i r i Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Gauia Miimum hi Keyig (GMK) ϕ 3 3 Phae diagram (B*=.5) h = Example: B*=.5 σ = l σ B p exp σ p IV/ = h rec Pule hapig (B*=.5) Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
11 Geeraio o CPM igal IV/ Realizaio o a CPM modulaor a quadraure modulaor co r b Ipu bi ymbol mappig I p i i ( ) co ( ) i iormaio ymbol baebad igal (real & imagiary par) badpa igal Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber Power pecral Deiy IV/ Power pecral Deiie o BPK, QPK ad MK PD i [db] / R Lecure Mobile Commuicaio / Pro. Dr. Herma Rohlig, Adré Eber
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