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1 Math 1431 Dr. Melahat Almus Visit CASA regularly for announcements and course material! If you me, please mention your course (1431) in the subject line. Access code deadline: Purchase popper scantrons from UH Bookstore. Did you take Practice test 1? Quiz 1? Quiz 2? Quiz in LAB (on Fridays) EMCF 1 due this week. Respect your friends! Do not distract anyone by chatting with people around you Be considerate of others in class. 1

2 Section 1.4 Continuity Definition: Let c be a real number and f be a function. We say that f is continuous at c if lim f f c. c The function is said to be discontinuous at c if it is not continuous there. According to this definition, the function f is continuous at c if all of the following conditions are met: (i) f is defined at c, (ii) lim f eists, and c lim f f c. c (iii) If any of these conditions fails, the function is not continuous atc. We may say that the function is discontinuous at c. 2

3 When is a function discontinuous at c? 1) If f is not defined at c, we know that graph has a hole or an asymptote at c and the function is not continuous there. 2) If f is defined at c (that is, c is in the domain of f ), then f can be discontinuous for one of these reasons: a) lim f c lim f c does not eist, b) eists, but lim f f c c. Types of discontinuity: If a function f is discontinuous atc, this discontinuity can be classified as: Removable discontinuity if (i) (ii) f is not defined at c, or f c and lim f c eist, but lim f f c c. 3

4 Jump discontinuity if each one-sided limit eists but they are not equal. Infinite discontinuity if f generally associated with having a vertical asymptote at on at least one side of c. This type is c. 4

5 Geometrically speaking a function is continuous if the graph has no holes or breaks. That is, you can trace the graph without removing your pen. Are the following functions continuous? 5

6 Eample: Study the continuity of the function and classify each point of discontinuity as jump, removable, or infinite. 6

7 What if the function is defined by a formula? f 1. Eample: Find the points of discontinuity (if any): 3 2 Eample: Find the points of discontinuity (if any): 2 f 2 4. Eample: Find the points of discontinuity (if any): f sin2. 7

8 Fact: The following types of functions are continuous at every number in their domains: Polynomials, Rational functions, Root functions, Trigonometric functions, Inverse trigonometric functions, Eponential functions, Logarithmic functions. 3 Eample: When is f discontinuous? Eample: When is 2 f discontinuous? Eample: When is f cos discontinuous? Eample: When is f e discontinuous? 8

9 Many complicated continuous functions can be built up using simple ones. Theorem 1.4.1: If f and g are continuous at c, then (i) f g is continuous at c, (ii) f g is continuous at c, (iii) kf is continuous at c (where k is any real number), (iv) fg is continuous at c, (v) f /g is continuous at c, provided gc 0. Parts (i) (iv) can be etended to any finite number of functions. Eample: Find the points of discontinuity (if any): f. 1 2sin 9

10 EXTRA - We studied one-sided limits in Section 1.2; similarly, we may consider onesided continuity. Definition: A function f is said to be continuous from the left at c if lim f f c. c It is continuous from the right at c if lim f f c c. Eample: Is the following function continuous at =0? Is it continuous from the right at =0? Is it continuous from the left at =0? 10

11 Continuity over an interval Definition: Let a,b be an open interval. A function is said to be continuous over a,b if it is continuous at every number in this interval. If f is defined on a closed interval a,b, we only epect to have one-sided continuity at the end points a and b. That is, if the function is continuous at every number in a,b, continuous from the right at a and continuous from the left at b, then we say that the function is continuous over a,b. Eample: Find the interval(s) over which the function f 5 is continuous. Eample: Find the interval(s) over which the function 2 f 1 9 is continuous. Eample: Find the interval(s) over which the function 2 f 2 is continuous. 11

12 How to work with piece-wise functions: Eample: Find all points of discontinuity and classify them: 2 1, if 0 f 1, if 0 2 1, if 2 5 Is this function continuous at =0? (i) Is f (0) defined? (ii) Does lim f ( ) eist? 0 0 lim f( )? lim f( )? 0 (iii) Is f (0) equal to lim f ( )? 0 Is this function continuous at =2? (iv) Is f (2) defined? (v) Does lim f ( ) eist? 2 2 lim f( )? lim f( )? 2 (vi) Is f (2) equal to lim f ( )? 2 12

13 Eercise: Find all points of discontinuity and classify them: f 1, if 1, if 1 4 2, if , if 5 1 Eample: Find the values of A and B so that the function is continuous everywhere. 2 A 14, if 2 f 10, if 2 B, if 2 13

14 Did you take Practice Test 1? Quiz 1? Read Section 1.4 from your tet book. Check CASA regularly for announcements. 14

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