Multiplicative properties of sets of residues
|
|
- Jean McCormick
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues C. Pomerance Hanover an A. Schinzel Warszawa Abstract: We conjecture that for each natural number n, every set of resiues mo n of carinality at least n/2 contains elements a,b,c with ab c. It is prove that the set of numbers n failing to have this property has upper ensity smaller than Introuction In a recent paper [2] it has been shown that every set of positive integers with lower asymptotic ensity greater than /2 contains three integers whose prouct is a square. It follows that for every positive integer n, every set of resiues mo n of carinality larger than n/2 contains resiues a,b,c, with abc 2. We conjecture that more is true an every set of resiues mo n of carinality at least n/2 contains resiues a,b,c with ab c. That is, say a set S is prouct free if has no solution with a,b,c S. We say a moulus n has property P if the largest prouct-free subset S of Z n has carinality strictly smaller than n/2. We enote the ring of integers mo n by Z n. Conjecture. Every natural number n has property P. If true, Conjecture is best possible, since for n an o prime, the set of quaratic nonresiues mo n is prouct free an has carinality n /2. Perhaps the following slightly stronger form of Conjecture hols: The largest prouct-free subset of Z n has carinality equal to the maximum value of q /2 n/q, where q runs over the prime powers iviing n. It is easy to see that Z n has a prouct-free subset of this carinality: For q 2 k with k 2 take those resiues mo n of the form 2 i 4j +3 with i < k as a prouct-free set if k, we take the empty set, an for q p k with p o take resiues of the form p i j, where i < k an j is a quaratic nonresiue mo p. In every case if n q, this construction prouces a prouct-free subset of Z q of size q /2 an so, more generally if q an n/q are coprime, the Chinese remainer theorem gives a prouct-free subset of Z n Zq Z n/q of size q /2 n/q. In this paper we make some progress towars Conjecture as follows. Let sn enote the largest square-full ivisor of n an let ωn enote the number of istinct prime factors of n. Theorem. A natural number n has property P if ωsn 5. The first author was supporte in part by NSF grants DMS , DMS-0080.
2 2 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel Theorem 2. The asymptotic ensity of the set of integers n with ωsn 6 is smaller than In particular, the set of integers failing to have property P has upper ensity at most In the final section we present a secon conjecture an prove that it implies Conjecture. The secon conjecture, which is state in the language of linear programming, may be the preferre vehicle for further progress. We remark that there has been some consieration in the literature of large prouct-free subsets of finite groups. For a recent survey, with pointers to other papers, see [3]. Acknowlegments. We thank the referee for a careful reaing an the eitor for suggesting references [] an [4]. In aition we thank Robin Pemantle for help in recasting our secon conjecture as a linear program. 2. Preliminary results For a natural number n an a prime p, we let v p n be the number of factors p in the prime factorization of n. We introuce some special notation that we will use throughout the paper. Suppose that n,m are coprime natural numbers. We shall later take n square-full an m squarefree, but this is not necessary to assume in this section. We consier the multiplicative monoi Z n Z m, where Z m is the unit group mo m. By the Chinese remainer theorem, Z n Z m may be thought of as {a Z nm : a,m }. For n, let Further, if S Z n Z m, let T n,m T {a Z n Z m : a,n }. S n,m S T S, R n,m R T \S. Lemma. Let n be a natural number. Suppose for each squarefree number m coprime to n, if S Z n Z m is prouct free, then S 2ϕmn, with strict inequality holing in the case m. Then for every squarefree number m coprime to n, we have that mn has property P. Proof. Let m be squarefree an coprime to n. For each j m, let A j {a Z mn : a,m j}. Then A j is a multiplicative monoi with ientity a, where a mo mn/j an a 0 mo j that is isomorphic to Z n Z m/j. If S Z mn is prouct free, then so is S A j for each j m. By hypothesis then, S A j 2ϕm/jn for each j m, with strict inequality holing in the case j m. Thus, S S A j < m 2 n j j m j mϕ 2 mn. We conclue that mn has property P, completing the proof.
3 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 3 Lemma 2. Suppose n,m are coprime natural numbers, S Z n Z m is prouct free, an D is a nonempty set of ivisors of n with S for each D. Let σ D /. If ϕn n > 2σ, then S < 2 ϕmn. Proof. We have ϕmn S n R D T Dϕ mn ϕmnσ > 2 ϕmn. Thus, S < 2ϕmn, completing the proof. Lemma 3. Suppose n,m are coprime natural numbers, S Z n Z m is prouct free, an S. Then S 2ϕmn. Further, in the case m, the inequality is strict. Proof. Let s S an let n. Note that multiplication by s is a bijection of T an the image of S uner this map is isjoint from S, that is, it is containe in R. Thus, S 2 T so that S n S T 2 2 ϕmn. n Now assume that m. We nee only show that at least one of the inequalities S 2 T is strict, an inee this is the case for n, since T n. This completes the proof of the lemma. Remark. The multiplication-by-s argument in the proof is use in various guises throughout the paper. Corollary. Suppose n,m are coprime natural numbers, ϕn > 2n, an m is squarefree. Then mn has property P. In particular, every squarefree number has property P. Proof. By Lemma it suffices to consier prouct-freesubsets S of Z n Z m. Lemma2hanlesthe case S an Lemma3hanles thecase S. For any natural number n, let ran enote the largest squarefree ivisor of n an let σn enote the sum of the ivisors of n. Another way of stating Corollary is that if u n/ran an u/ϕu < 2, then n has property P. It is possible to strengthen Corollary to the assertion: σu/u < 2 implies n has property P. However we will not nee this stronger assertion. We o not know how to replace 2 in either of these assertions with any larger number.
4 4 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel 3. Propositions The heart of our metho is containe in the three propositions in this section. With some effort, they likely can be extene to more complicate cases an so allow an improvement in our main result. It is possible that an ultimate strengthening woul allow a proof of Conjecture. Proposition. Suppose n, m are coprime natural numbers an S is a prouct-free subset of Z n Z m. Suppose too that p is a prime factor of n an that S p. Let D be a nonempty set of ivisors of n not ivisible by p with S for each D, an let σ D/. If ϕn n > p 2pσ, 2 then S < 2 ϕmn. Proof. SupposenotanS isacounterexampleforn. For anyk, letn n 2 p k an let π k be the projection from Z n Z m to Z n Z m given by reucing the first coorinate moulo n. Since π k ab π k aπ k b for each pair a,b Z n Z m, it follows thats π k S is prouctfree. We claim that S is a counterexample for n. Inee, S np k S 2 ϕmn2 p k 2 ϕmn. Further, for D, S implies that S, an S p implies that S p. Since ϕn/n ϕn /n, we have an exact corresponence. In the sequel we will not use the ash an instea we will assume that 2 n for each D an that v p n is very large. In aition, we will enote v p n with the letter k. For a ivisor of n with p an D, consier the sets S p 2i,S p 2i+ for 0 i < k /2. Say s p S p. Multiplication by s p is a p : mapping of T p 2i onto T p 2i+. Since S is prouct free it follows that s p S p 2i is isjoint from S p 2i+. We conclue that mn p S p 2i + S p 2i+ T p 2i+ ϕ p 2i+ mn p 2i+ϕ. In aition, S p 2i T p 2i mn p 2iϕ, S p 2i+ T p 2i+ mn p 2i+ϕ. These inequalities imply that S p 2i + S p 2i+ mn p 2iϕ an so We conclue that k R p j j0 0 i<k /2 R p 2i + R p 2i+ mn p 2i+ϕ. mn p p 2i+ϕ p 2 +O p k mn ϕ,
5 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 5 where O-constants may epen on p. Thus, k p R p j p 2 +O p k ϕm n:p, D j0 p p 2 +O p k ϕmϕp k p+ +O p k ϕmn n:p, D n p k ϕ D n p k n ϕ p p 2 +O p k ϕmnσ. For D, we consier pairs S p 2i+,S p 2i+2 for 0 i < k 2/2 an we fin in the same way that Hence, D j0 ϕmn S n k R p j T + D D D T + By the hypothesis of the proposition, ϕmn 0 i<k 2/2 mn p 2i+2ϕ p 2 +O p k p 2 p 2 +O p k ϕmnσ. D ϕ mn R p+ ϕmn+ p p+ ϕmnσ +O p k ϕmnσ. p+ ϕmn+ p p+ ϕmnσ Thus, if k is sufficiently large, then ϕmn S > 2 ϕmn > p+ + p 2p+ 2. an the proposition follows. Proposition 2. Suppose n,m are coprime natural numbers, 4 n, S Z n Z m is prouct free, S 2, S 4, an D is a set of o ivisors of n containing with S for each D. Let σ D/. If then S < 2 ϕmn. ϕn n > 3 4+8σ, 3 Proof. As with the proof of Proposition, we may assume that 2 n for each D anwemay assumethatk v 2 n isverylarge. For n, o,
6 6 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel D, we consier the pairs S 4 2i,S 4 2i+ an also the pairs S 2 4 2i,S 2 4 2i+ an we fin that k R 2 j 4 2i+ + mn 2 4 2i+ ϕ j0 0 i<k 4/ O 2 k mn ϕ. Thus, n: o, D j0 k R 2 j O 2 k 5 +O 2 k ϕ2 k ϕm 5 +O 2 k ϕmn n: o, D ϕ n 2 k ϕ D mn n 2 k 2 5 +O 2 k ϕmnσ. For D \ {} we consier the pairs S 4 2i+,S 4 2i+2 an the pairs S 2 4 2i,S 2 4 2i+, an we fin that R 2 j T + 5 +O 2 k ϕmnσ D\{} D\{} 6 5 +O 2 k ϕmnσ. Finally, we consier the pairs S 4 2i+,S 4 2i+2 an the pairs S 2 4 2i+,S 2 4 2i+2 an we fin that k R 2 j T + T O 2 k ϕmn j O 2 k ϕmn. We conclue that ϕmn S R n 5 +O 2 k 4 ϕmn+ 5 σ O 2 k ϕmn, where the O-constant may epen on σ. By the hypothesis, 4 ϕmn 5 ϕmn+ 5 σ + 2 ϕmn σ + 2 ϕn 5 n > 4σ σ +4 2,
7 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 7 so for k sufficiently large, we have nϕm S > 2ϕmn. This proves the proposition. Proposition 3. Suppose n,m are coprime positive integers, S Z n Z m is prouct free, p,q n are ifferent primes, S p,s q, an D is a nonempty set of ivisors of n coprime to pq with S for each D. Let σ D /. If ϕn n > ϕpq 2pqσ, 4 then S < 2 ϕmn. Proof. Similarly as with the two previous propositions, we may assume that 2 n for each D an k v p n,l v q n are both large. Suppose that n,,pq, an D. Let 0 i < k 2/2, 0 j < l 2/2, an let u p 2i q 2j. We consier 4-tuples S u,s pu,s qu,s pqu. Using that S is prouct free an S p,s q, we show that R vu T pu + T qu v pq p 2i+ q 2j + p 2i q 2j+ ϕ mn. 5 To see this, let s p S p, s q S q. We have s p S u isjoint from S pu an s p S qu isjoint from S pqu. Similarly, s q S u is isjoint from S qu an s q S pu is isjoint from S pqu. Now multiplication by s p is a p : mapping of T u onto T pu an also of T qu onto T pqu, an similarly multiplication by s q is a q : mapping of T u onto T qu an of T pu onto T pqu. For v pq, let α v S vu / T vu, so that each α v [0,] an α +α p, α +α q, α q +α pq, α p +α pq. The maximal value of α + p α p + q α q + pq α pq subject to these constraints occurs when α α pq an α p α q 0. This proves 5. In the sequel, O-constants possibly epen on p,q, an σ,
8 8 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel We have n:,pq, D p + q p + q +O k i0 j0 l R p i q j p 2 q 2 p 2 q 2 +O p k +q l p 2 q 2 p 2 q 2 ϕmϕpk q l p k +q l ϕmn n p k q l D p+q p+q + ϕmn pqp+q p 2 q 2 ϕmnσ +O p k +q l ϕmn. v pq mn ϕ n ϕ p k q l n:,pq, D Next suppose that D. With u p 2i+ q 2j, we consier the 4-tuple S u,s pu,s qu,s pqu as before, so that R vu T pu + T qu p 2i+2 q 2j + mn p 2i+ q 2j+ ϕ. We also consier pairs S q 2j+,S q 2j+2 an we have R q 2j+ + R q 2j+2 T q 2j+2 mn q 2j+2ϕ. Thus, k D i0 j0 D + l R p i q j T + q 2 +pq p 2 q 2 + q 2 +O p k +q l q 2 +pq p 2 q 2 + q 2 +O p k +q l ϕmnσ. We conclue that ϕmn S n R p+q p+q + ϕmn+ +O p k +q l ϕmn D ϕ mn + q2 +pq +p 2 pqp+q p 2 q 2 ϕmnσ p+q p+q + ϕmn+ pqσ p+q + ϕmn+o p k +q l ϕmn.
9 By 4, Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 9 ϕmn > p+q p+q + ϕmn+ Thus, if k,l are sufficiently large, pqσ p+q + ϕmn p+q p+q + + pqσ ϕn p+q + n p+q p q + p+q + 2p+q + 2. ϕmn S > 2 ϕmn, which proves the proposition. 4. Proof of Theorem Let n be a square-full natural number with ωn 5. Via Lemma, to prove that mn has property P for every squarefree number m coprime to n it suffices to show that for each such m, the largest prouct-free subset of Z n Z m has carinality at most 2ϕmn, with strict inequality in the case m. So, we fix some integer m coprime to n an we take a prouct-free set S Z n Z m. By Lemma 3, we may assume that S. We consier the 4 cases epening on the 4 possibilities for 6,n. First, assume that 6,n. Then ϕn n > 2, so that Corollary hanles this case. Next assume that 6,n 3. Then ϕn/n 384/00. If S 3, Lemma 2 with D {,3} completes the proof, so we may assume S 3. Then Proposition with p 3 an D {} completes the argument. Now assume that 6,n 2. Then ϕn/n 288/00. If S 2, Proposition with p 2, D {} shows that S < 2ϕmn. Thus, we may assume that S 2. If 5 n, then ϕn/n > /3, an then Lemma 2 with D {, 2} completes the proof, so we may assume that 5 n. If S 5, Proposition with p 5, D {,2} implies that we are one with this case. So, assume that S 5. If S 4, the result follows from Proposition 2 with D {,5}. So assume that S 4. Then Lemma 2 with D {,2,4,5} completes the argument. Theharestcase is when 6,n 6. Inthis case we have ϕn/n 6/77. If S 2,S 3, the result follows from Proposition 3 with p 2, q 3, an D {}. Next assumethat S 2 ans 3. Thentheresultfollows from Proposition with p 2, D {,3}. Now assume that S 2 an S 3. If 5 n then ϕn/n 240/00 an the result follows from Proposition with p 3, D {,2}. So assume that 5 n. If S 5, the result follows
10 0 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel from Proposition 3 with p 3, q 5, D {,2}, so we may take S 5. Then the result follows from Proposition with p 3, D {,2,5}. We are left with the case that 6 n an S S 2 S 3. Proposition 2 with D {,3} hanles the case S 4, so we may assume that S 4. We consier the four possibilities for 35,n. If 35,n, then ϕn/n 640/243, so that Lemma 2 with D {,2,3,4} hanles this case. Suppose that 35,n 7, so that ϕn/n 240/00. Proposition with p 7 an D {,2,3,4} hanles the case S 7, while Lemma 2 with D {,2,3,4,7} hanles the case S 7. Suppose that 35,n 5, so that ϕn/n 32/43. Proposition with p 5 an D {,2,3,4} hanles the case S 5, while Lemma 2 with D {,2,3,4,5} hanles the case S 5. Finally supposethat 35 n. If either S 5 or S 7, Proposition with D {,2,3,4} completes the proof. So assume that S 5 S 7. Then Lemma 2 with D {,2,3,4,5,7} completes the proof. We remark that with our existing tools it is possible to begin hanlingthe case ωsn 6 an perhaps it is even possible to complete this case. Even a partial result woul give a better ensity estimate in the next section. It may be that such efforts woul allow one to fin a general argument an so complete a proof of the Conjecture. 5. Density In this section we prove Theorem 2. For a natural number n, recall that ran is the largest squarefree ivisor of n. Let m be a squarefree integer an let m be the ensity of those integers n with rasn m. For rasn m it is necessary an sufficient that m 2 n an v p n for each prime p m. Thus, m m 2 p m Let fm p m /p2, so that p 2 6 p 2. π 2 m 2 p m m 6 π2fm. 6 It is our task in this section to compute the asymptotic ensity of the set of those integers n with ωsn 6. Namely, we wish to compute : ωm 6 µ 2 m m 6 π 2 ωm 6 µ 2 mfm 6 π 2 ωm 5 µ 2 mfm. Let δ j ωmj µ2 mfm. We thus must compute δ j for j 0,,...,5. We eviently have δ 0.
11 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues For δ, we accelerate the convergence of the series as follows: δ π 2 p 2 log + 6 p 2 +log p 2, p p an so we fin that δ roune to 5 ecimal places. The computation for δ j for j > is simplifie by applying the Newton Girar formula for symmetric functions. In particular, with η j p 2 j, p we have δ j j j i η i δ j i. 7 i Note that 7 allows one to compute each δ j recursively in terms of previous values of δ i an values of the very rapily converging series η i where η δ has alreay been compute. To 5 ecimal places, we have Thus, via 7, we have We conclue that η , η , η , η δ , δ , δ , δ π 2δ 0 +δ +δ 2 +δ 3 +δ 4 +δ 5. 6 π , which proves Theorem Further remarks One might consier large prouct-free subsets of N, the set of natural numbers. As shown in [2], the upper asymptotic ensity of a prouct-free subset of N can be arbitrarily close to. It is easy to see that there are prouct-free subsets of N with asymptotic ensity equal to /2. Here are some examples:
12 2 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel the set of natural numbers n that are the prouct of an o number of primes; the set of natural numbers n that are the prouct of a number that is 3 mo 4 an a power of 2; the set of natural numbers n that are the prouct of a number that is 2 mo 3 an a power of 3; more generally, for any o prime p, the set of natural numbers n which are a prouct of a quaratic nonresiue mo p an a power of p. These examples, the first of which was note in [2], also show that the principal result of [2] is best possible. A further example is supplie in Fish [] where it is shown that there are normal subsets of N which are prouct free. A subset S of N is normal if the characteristic function of S, written as a sequence of 0 s an s, is normal. Necessarily a normal subset of N has ensity /2. Must the lower asymptotic ensity of a prouct free subset of N be at most /2? If so, this woul establish Conjecture for all o numbers. Schur [4] showe that if N is k-colore there must be a monochromatic solution to a+b c. A. Sárközy suggeste to us that one might consier the multiplicative analog: If N is k-colore, must there be a monochromatic solution to ab c? Since, the number shoul not be allowe in the set, so we are k-coloring N \{}. By consiering the powers of 2, one sees that the multiplicative analog immeiately follows from the original aitive version. So, it is reasonable to consier then the multiplicative problem for squarefree numbers larger than. Here s a proof in the case k 2: Let p,...,p 9 be any 9 primes, an so without loss of generality, we may assume that each of p,...,p 5 is re. We then may assume that each prouct of 2 of these is blue an so each prouct of 4 of these is re. Then the prouct of all 5 is blue, an since a prouct of 4 can be written as one of the primes times the other 3, each prouct of 3 primes is blue. But then p p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 is all blue. It is possible, maybe even likely, that these thoughts generalize to k colors, an perhaps this an relate topics woul be interesting to explore. Consier the following conjecture, which may be tractable. Let Ωn enote the number of prime factors of n counte with multiplicity. Conjecture 2. Let p,p 2,...,p k be istinct primes, let b be a positive integer, an let n p p 2...p k b. For u n let α u be a real variable in [0,] such that if uv n an α u > 0, then α v + α uv. Further suppose that α 0. Then u n α u u < u: rau n Ωu o Remark. Note that the secon sum in the conjecture is over an infinite set of numbers u. u.
13 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 3 Theorem 3. Conjecture 2 implies Conjecture. Proof. Assume Conjecture 2. Let p,p 2,...,p k be arbitrary istinct primes an let m p p 2...p k. It is sufficient to show that every n with ran m has property P. Since every every ivisor of a number with property P also has property P, it is thus sufficient to show that n m b+ has property P for every large integer b. Suppose that n m b+ an S Z/nZ is prouct free. For u n, let T u T u n,, S u S T u as in Section 2, an let α u S u / T u. By Lemma 3 with m being, we may assume that α 0. Assume uv m b an α u > 0. Then S u, say s u S u, an multiplication by s u is a u : mapping of T v onto T uv. Since S is prouct free, we have s u S v S uv, so that u S v + S uv T uv ; that is, ϕn α v uv +α ϕn uv uv ϕn uv, or α v +α uv. Thus, the numbers α u for u m b satisfy the hypotheses of Conjecture 2, an so u m b α u Note that u < rau m Ωu o S u n u 2 rau m S u n α u ϕ u u n u Ωu m u 2 ϕm m. σm ϕn u m b α u u + u n u m b ϕu. The first sum here is boune as above, an the secon sum is boune by m m 2 ϕm u ϕm p b+ < m 2σm u n u m b if b is sufficiently large b k+4 is sufficient. For such b, S < ϕn m 2 ϕm m + ϕn m σm 2 σm ϕnm 2ϕm 2 n. Thus, n has property P. It is possible to recast Conjecture 2 as a linear program. The feasible set for the variables is not a polytope, but rather a union of polytopes, since the conition α u > 0 implies α v +α uv may be viewe as the union of α u 0 an α v +α uv. For each polytope in the union, the maximum of the objective function occurs at a vertex, so the maximum over the union p m
14 4 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel of polytopes again occurs at one of the vertices of one of the polytopes in the union. Thus, we conclue that one may restrict to variables α u {0,}. With thevariables sorestricte, theconition α u > 0implies α v +α uv is equivalent to α u +α v +α uv 2. Thus, we may consier instea the linear program where each variable α u [0,], each triple α u,α v,α uv satisfies α u +α v +α uv 2, an α 0. Uner these conitions, we are to maximize αu /u. Perhaps this point of view can lea to a proof. We close this paper with a proofof Conjecture2whenk 2 usingtools close to those usein Section 3. Theorem 4. Conjecture 2 hols for k an k 2. Proof. For k with prime p an n p b, we have ivisors p i of n for i,...,b. If α p 0, then But u n i o α u u < i 2 p i pp. p i p p 2 p /p, which oes inee excee the prior estimate. Thus, we may assume that α p > 0. Then for i o an p i+ n, we have α p i +α p i+ so that α p i p i + α p i+ p i+ p i. Using also α p b, we have u n α u u i b i o p i < i o completing the case k. For k 2, we write n pq b where p,q are istinct primes. We wish to show that L < R, where L : u n α u u, R : rau pq Ωu o p i, u pq 2 ϕpq pq σpq pqp+q p 2 q 2, cf. the proof of Theorem 3. First assume that α p α q 0. Then L < p i q j pq p q p q pq +p2 +q 2 p q, pqp q i+j 2 so that if s p+q an m pq, we have L R < s2 m sp+q + sm 2 s2 m ss+m+ sm 2 s m s+ s m +.
15 Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues 5 As a function of m this expression is ecreasing. But m 2s 2, so we have L s R < 2s 2 s+ s 2s s ss 2. As a function of s this expression is ecreasing, an since s 5, we have L/R < 4/5 <. Now assume α p > 0 an α q 0 the case where α p 0, α q > 0 will follow in the same way. If p n, then α +α p, so that α + α p p. 8 We use 8 for p i with i o, for p i q with i o, an for p i q j with i even an j 2. But, if such a number n has v p b, we use α. We thus have L < an so + q i o p i + i even j 2 L R < pq +q2 +p 2 q + pq 2 p+q p i q j + p q p 2 + p 2 p 2 qq, < q2 +q +p+p/q q 2. +pq Since p /q 2 q >, it follows that pq > q +p/q, so L < R. Our last case is when α p > 0,α q > 0. If pq n an >, we have α +α p, α +α q, α p +α pq, α q +α pq, so that as in the proof of Proposition 3, we have α + α p p + α q q + α pq pq + pq. We apply this when p i q j when i is even an j is o. When i is o an j 0, we apply 8. But, if such n has either v p b or v q b, we merely use α. We thus have L < i even j o This conclues our proof. p i q j + p i+ q j+ + i o References p i rau pq Ωu o u R. [] A. Fish, Ranom Liouville functions an normal sets, Acta Arith., , [2] L. Haju, A. Schinzel, an M. Skalba, Multiplicative property of sets of positive integers, Arch. Math. Basel, , [3] K. Kelaya, Prouct-free subsets of groups, then an now, Communicating mathematics, 69 77, Contemp. Math., 479, Amer. Math. Soc., Provience, RI, 2009.
16 6 C. Pomerance an A. Schinzel [4] I. Schur, Über ie Kongruenz x m + y m z m mo p, Jahresb. Deutsche Math. Ver., 25 96, 4 7. C. Pomerance Department of Mathematics Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755, USA carl.pomerance@artmouth.eu A. Schinzel Institute of Mathematics Polish Acaemy of Sciences Sniaeckich 8, P.O. Box Warszawa, Polan schinzel@impan.pl
Multiplicative properties of sets of residues
Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues C. Pomerance Hanover an A. Schinzel Warszawa Abstract: We conjecture that for each natural number n, every set of resiues mo n of carinality at least n/2 contains
More informationMultiplicative properties of sets of residues
Multiplicative properties of sets of resiues C. Pomerance Hanover an A. Schinzel Warszawa Abstract: Given a natural number n, we ask whether every set of resiues mo n of carinality at least n/2 contains
More informationLecture 5. Symmetric Shearer s Lemma
Stanfor University Spring 208 Math 233: Non-constructive methos in combinatorics Instructor: Jan Vonrák Lecture ate: January 23, 208 Original scribe: Erik Bates Lecture 5 Symmetric Shearer s Lemma Here
More informationWitt#5: Around the integrality criterion 9.93 [version 1.1 (21 April 2013), not completed, not proofread]
Witt vectors. Part 1 Michiel Hazewinkel Sienotes by Darij Grinberg Witt#5: Aroun the integrality criterion 9.93 [version 1.1 21 April 2013, not complete, not proofrea In [1, section 9.93, Hazewinkel states
More informationOn the enumeration of partitions with summands in arithmetic progression
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS Volume 8 (003), Pages 149 159 On the enumeration of partitions with summans in arithmetic progression M. A. Nyblom C. Evans Department of Mathematics an Statistics
More informationTwo formulas for the Euler ϕ-function
Two formulas for the Euler ϕ-function Robert Frieman A multiplication formula for ϕ(n) The first formula we want to prove is the following: Theorem 1. If n 1 an n 2 are relatively prime positive integers,
More informationTwo problems in combinatorial number theory
Two problems in combinatorial number theory Carl Pomerance, Dartmouth College Debrecen, Hungary October, 2010 Our story begins with: Abram S. Besicovitch 1 Besicovitch showed in 1934 that there are primitive
More informationALGEBRAIC AND ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS
ALGEBRAIC AND ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS MARK SCHACHNER Abstract. When consiere as an algebraic space, the set of arithmetic functions equippe with the operations of pointwise aition an
More informationAcute sets in Euclidean spaces
Acute sets in Eucliean spaces Viktor Harangi April, 011 Abstract A finite set H in R is calle an acute set if any angle etermine by three points of H is acute. We examine the maximal carinality α() of
More informationOn colour-blind distinguishing colour pallets in regular graphs
J Comb Optim (2014 28:348 357 DOI 10.1007/s10878-012-9556-x On colour-blin istinguishing colour pallets in regular graphs Jakub Przybyło Publishe online: 25 October 2012 The Author(s 2012. This article
More informationLEGENDRE TYPE FORMULA FOR PRIMES GENERATED BY QUADRATIC POLYNOMIALS
Ann. Sci. Math. Québec 33 (2009), no 2, 115 123 LEGENDRE TYPE FORMULA FOR PRIMES GENERATED BY QUADRATIC POLYNOMIALS TAKASHI AGOH Deicate to Paulo Ribenboim on the occasion of his 80th birthay. RÉSUMÉ.
More informationZachary Scherr Math 503 HW 3 Due Friday, Feb 12
Zachary Scherr Math 503 HW 3 Due Friay, Feb 1 1 Reaing 1. Rea sections 7.5, 7.6, 8.1 of Dummit an Foote Problems 1. DF 7.5. Solution: This problem is trivial knowing how to work with universal properties.
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.co] 31 Mar 2008
On the maximum size of a (k,l)-sum-free subset of an abelian group arxiv:080386v1 [mathco] 31 Mar 2008 Béla Bajnok Department of Mathematics, Gettysburg College Gettysburg, PA 17325-186 USA E-mail: bbajnok@gettysburgeu
More informationZachary Scherr Math 503 HW 5 Due Friday, Feb 26
Zachary Scherr Math 503 HW 5 Due Friay, Feb 26 1 Reaing 1. Rea Chapter 9 of Dummit an Foote 2 Problems 1. 9.1.13 Solution: We alreay know that if R is any commutative ring, then R[x]/(x r = R for any r
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.co] 15 Sep 2015
Circular coloring of signe graphs Yingli Kang, Eckhar Steffen arxiv:1509.04488v1 [math.co] 15 Sep 015 Abstract Let k, ( k) be two positive integers. We generalize the well stuie notions of (k, )-colorings
More informationREAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 5
REAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 5 CİHAN BAHRAN The questions are from Stein an Shakarchi s text, Chapter 3. 1. Suppose ϕ is an integrable function on R with R ϕ(x)x = 1. Let K δ(x) = δ ϕ(x/δ), δ > 0. (a) Prove
More informationDiscrete Mathematics
Discrete Mathematics 309 (009) 86 869 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Discrete Mathematics journal homepage: wwwelseviercom/locate/isc Profile vectors in the lattice of subspaces Dániel Gerbner
More informationInternational Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 35 No , ON PYTHAGOREAN QUADRUPLES Edray Goins 1, Alain Togbé 2
International Journal of Pure an Applie Mathematics Volume 35 No. 3 007, 365-374 ON PYTHAGOREAN QUADRUPLES Eray Goins 1, Alain Togbé 1 Department of Mathematics Purue University 150 North University Street,
More informationLower Bounds for the Smoothed Number of Pareto optimal Solutions
Lower Bouns for the Smoothe Number of Pareto optimal Solutions Tobias Brunsch an Heiko Röglin Department of Computer Science, University of Bonn, Germany brunsch@cs.uni-bonn.e, heiko@roeglin.org Abstract.
More informationWeek 1: Number Theory - Euler Phi Function, Order and Primitive Roots. 1 Greatest Common Divisor and the Euler Phi Function
2010 IMO Summer Training: Number Theory 1 Week 1: Number Theory - Euler Phi Function, Orer an Primitive Roots 1 Greatest Common Divisor an the Euler Phi Function Consier the following problem. Exercise
More informationChapter 5. Factorization of Integers
Chapter 5 Factorization of Integers 51 Definition: For a, b Z we say that a ivies b (or that a is a factor of b, or that b is a multiple of a, an we write a b, when b = ak for some k Z 52 Theorem: (Basic
More informationON THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS ON WHICH A CHARACTER IS CONSTANT
ON THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS ON WHICH A CHARACTER IS CONSTANT ENRIQUE TREVIÑO Abstract Let χ be a non-principal Dirichlet character to the prime moulus p In 1963, Burgess showe that the
More informationLIAISON OF MONOMIAL IDEALS
LIAISON OF MONOMIAL IDEALS CRAIG HUNEKE AND BERND ULRICH Abstract. We give a simple algorithm to ecie whether a monomial ieal of nite colength in a polynomial ring is licci, i.e., in the linkage class
More informationStable Polynomials over Finite Fields
Rev. Mat. Iberoam., 1 14 c European Mathematical Society Stable Polynomials over Finite Fiels Domingo Gómez-Pérez, Alejanro P. Nicolás, Alina Ostafe an Daniel Saornil Abstract. We use the theory of resultants
More informationLATTICE-BASED D-OPTIMUM DESIGN FOR FOURIER REGRESSION
The Annals of Statistics 1997, Vol. 25, No. 6, 2313 2327 LATTICE-BASED D-OPTIMUM DESIGN FOR FOURIER REGRESSION By Eva Riccomagno, 1 Rainer Schwabe 2 an Henry P. Wynn 1 University of Warwick, Technische
More informationProof by Mathematical Induction.
Proof by Mathematical Inuction. Mathematicians have very peculiar characteristics. They like proving things or mathematical statements. Two of the most important techniques of mathematical proof are proof
More informationPDE Notes, Lecture #11
PDE Notes, Lecture # from Professor Jalal Shatah s Lectures Febuary 9th, 2009 Sobolev Spaces Recall that for u L loc we can efine the weak erivative Du by Du, φ := udφ φ C0 If v L loc such that Du, φ =
More informationPermanent vs. Determinant
Permanent vs. Determinant Frank Ban Introuction A major problem in theoretical computer science is the Permanent vs. Determinant problem. It asks: given an n by n matrix of ineterminates A = (a i,j ) an
More informationFLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF POINTS ON SMOOTH PLANE CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS. 1. Introduction
FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF POINTS ON SMOOTH PLANE CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS ALINA BUCUR, CHANTAL DAVID, BROOKE FEIGON, MATILDE LALÍN 1 Introuction In this note, we stuy the fluctuations in the number
More information7. Localization. (d 1, m 1 ) (d 2, m 2 ) d 3 D : d 3 d 1 m 2 = d 3 d 2 m 1. (ii) If (d 1, m 1 ) (d 1, m 1 ) and (d 2, m 2 ) (d 2, m 2 ) then
7. Localization To prove Theorem 6.1 it becomes necessary to be able to a enominators to rings (an to moules), even when the rings have zero-ivisors. It is a tool use all the time in commutative algebra,
More informationCOUNTING VALUE SETS: ALGORITHM AND COMPLEXITY
COUNTING VALUE SETS: ALGORITHM AND COMPLEXITY QI CHENG, JOSHUA E. HILL, AND DAQING WAN Abstract. Let p be a prime. Given a polynomial in F p m[x] of egree over the finite fiel F p m, one can view it as
More informationThe Chinese Remainder Theorem
Chapter 5 The Chinese Remainder Theorem 5.1 Coprime moduli Theorem 5.1. Suppose m, n N, and gcd(m, n) = 1. Given any remainders r mod m and s mod n we can find N such that N r mod m and N s mod n. Moreover,
More informationReview/Outline Review: Basic computations in finite fields Reed-Solomon codes Hamming codes Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham (BCH) codes
Review/Outline Review: Basic computations in finite fiels Ree-Solomon coes Hamming coes Bose-Chauhuri-Hocquengham (BCH) coes Testing for irreucibility Frobenius automorphisms Other roots of equations Counting
More informationModular composition modulo triangular sets and applications
Moular composition moulo triangular sets an applications Arien Poteaux Éric Schost arien.poteaux@lip6.fr eschost@uwo.ca : Computer Science Department, The University of Western Ontario, Lonon, ON, Canaa
More informationPeriods of quadratic twists of elliptic curves
Perios of quaratic twists of elliptic curves Vivek Pal with an appenix by Amo Agashe Abstract In this paper we prove a relation between the perio of an elliptic curve an the perio of its real an imaginary
More informationRamsey numbers of some bipartite graphs versus complete graphs
Ramsey numbers of some bipartite graphs versus complete graphs Tao Jiang, Michael Salerno Miami University, Oxfor, OH 45056, USA Abstract. The Ramsey number r(h, K n ) is the smallest positive integer
More informationThe ranges of some familiar arithmetic functions
The ranges of some familiar arithmetic functions Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik 2 November, 2016 Carl Pomerance, Dartmouth College Let us introduce our cast of characters: ϕ, λ, σ, s Euler s function:
More informationMath 342 Partial Differential Equations «Viktor Grigoryan
Math 342 Partial Differential Equations «Viktor Grigoryan 6 Wave equation: solution In this lecture we will solve the wave equation on the entire real line x R. This correspons to a string of infinite
More informationDigitally delicate primes
Digitally elicate rimes Jackson Hoer Paul Pollack Deartment of Mathematics University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Tao has shown that in any fixe base, a ositive roortion of rime numbers cannot have
More informationOn Carmichael numbers in arithmetic progressions
On Carmichael numbers in arithmetic progressions William D. Banks Department of Mathematics University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 USA bbanks@math.missouri.edu Carl Pomerance Department of Mathematics
More informationNew bounds on Simonyi s conjecture
New bouns on Simonyi s conjecture Daniel Soltész soltesz@math.bme.hu Department of Computer Science an Information Theory, Buapest University of Technology an Economics arxiv:1510.07597v1 [math.co] 6 Oct
More informationLecture notes on Witt vectors
Lecture notes on Witt vectors Lars Hesselholt The purpose of these notes is to give a self-containe introuction to Witt vectors. We cover both the classical p-typical Witt vectors of Teichmüller an Witt
More informationOn non-antipodal binary completely regular codes
Discrete Mathematics 308 (2008) 3508 3525 www.elsevier.com/locate/isc On non-antipoal binary completely regular coes J. Borges a, J. Rifà a, V.A. Zinoviev b a Department of Information an Communications
More informationGeneralized Tractability for Multivariate Problems
Generalize Tractability for Multivariate Problems Part II: Linear Tensor Prouct Problems, Linear Information, an Unrestricte Tractability Michael Gnewuch Department of Computer Science, University of Kiel,
More informationarxiv: v2 [math.co] 14 Jun 2017
A PROBLEM ON PARTIAL SUMS IN ABELIAN GROUPS arxiv:1706.00042v2 [math.co] 14 Jun 2017 S. COSTA, F. MORINI, A. PASOTTI, AND M.A. PELLEGRINI Abstract. In this paper we propose a conjecture concerning partial
More informationArithmetic Distributions of Convergents Arising from Jacobi-Perron Algorithm
Arithmetic Distributions of Convergents Arising from Jacobi-Perron Algorithm Valerie Berthe, H Nakaa, R Natsui To cite this version: Valerie Berthe, H Nakaa, R Natsui Arithmetic Distributions of Convergents
More informationHilbert functions and Betti numbers of reverse lexicographic ideals in the exterior algebra
Turk J Math 36 (2012), 366 375. c TÜBİTAK oi:10.3906/mat-1102-21 Hilbert functions an Betti numbers of reverse lexicographic ieals in the exterior algebra Marilena Crupi, Carmela Ferró Abstract Let K be
More informationAgmon Kolmogorov Inequalities on l 2 (Z d )
Journal of Mathematics Research; Vol. 6, No. ; 04 ISSN 96-9795 E-ISSN 96-9809 Publishe by Canaian Center of Science an Eucation Agmon Kolmogorov Inequalities on l (Z ) Arman Sahovic Mathematics Department,
More informationLenny Jones Department of Mathematics, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania Daniel White
#A10 INTEGERS 1A (01): John Selfrige Memorial Issue SIERPIŃSKI NUMBERS IN IMAGINARY QUADRATIC FIELDS Lenny Jones Deartment of Mathematics, Shiensburg University, Shiensburg, Pennsylvania lkjone@shi.eu
More informationDECOMPOSITION OF POLYNOMIALS AND APPROXIMATE ROOTS
DECOMPOSITION OF POLYNOMIALS AND APPROXIMATE ROOTS ARNAUD BODIN Abstract. We state a kin of Eucliian ivision theorem: given a polynomial P (x) an a ivisor of the egree of P, there exist polynomials h(x),
More informationNILPOTENCE ORDER GROWTH OF RECURSION OPERATORS IN CHARACTERISTIC p. Contents. 1. Introduction Preliminaries 3. References
NILPOTENCE ORDER GROWTH OF RECURSION OPERATORS IN CHARACTERISTIC p ANNA MEDVEDOVSKY Abstract. We prove that the killing rate of certain egree-lowering recursion operators on a polynomial algebra over a
More informationNOTES. The Primes that Euclid Forgot
NOTES Eite by Sergei Tabachnikov The Primes that Eucli Forgot Paul Pollack an Enrique Treviño Abstract. Let q 2. Suosing that we have efine q j for all ale j ale k, let q k+ be a rime factor of + Q k j
More informationA Sketch of Menshikov s Theorem
A Sketch of Menshikov s Theorem Thomas Bao March 14, 2010 Abstract Let Λ be an infinite, locally finite oriente multi-graph with C Λ finite an strongly connecte, an let p
More informationIterated Point-Line Configurations Grow Doubly-Exponentially
Iterate Point-Line Configurations Grow Doubly-Exponentially Joshua Cooper an Mark Walters July 9, 008 Abstract Begin with a set of four points in the real plane in general position. A to this collection
More informationPerfect Matchings in Õ(n1.5 ) Time in Regular Bipartite Graphs
Perfect Matchings in Õ(n1.5 ) Time in Regular Bipartite Graphs Ashish Goel Michael Kapralov Sanjeev Khanna Abstract We consier the well-stuie problem of fining a perfect matching in -regular bipartite
More informationRelatively Prime Uniform Partitions
Gen. Math. Notes, Vol. 13, No., December, 01, pp.1-1 ISSN 19-7184; Copyright c ICSRS Publication, 01 www.i-csrs.org Available free online at http://www.geman.in Relatively Prime Uniform Partitions A. Davi
More information2Algebraic ONLINE PAGE PROOFS. foundations
Algebraic founations. Kick off with CAS. Algebraic skills.3 Pascal s triangle an binomial expansions.4 The binomial theorem.5 Sets of real numbers.6 Surs.7 Review . Kick off with CAS Playing lotto Using
More informationThe least k-th power non-residue
The least k-th power non-resiue Enriue Treviño Department of Mathematics an Computer Science Lake Forest College Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, USA Abstract Let p be a prime number an let k 2 be a ivisor
More informationConvergence of Random Walks
Chapter 16 Convergence of Ranom Walks This lecture examines the convergence of ranom walks to the Wiener process. This is very important both physically an statistically, an illustrates the utility of
More informationTHE MONIC INTEGER TRANSFINITE DIAMETER
MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION Volume 00, Number 0, Pages 000 000 S 005-578(XX)0000-0 THE MONIC INTEGER TRANSFINITE DIAMETER K. G. HARE AND C. J. SMYTH ABSTRACT. We stuy the problem of fining nonconstant monic
More informationJournal of Algebra. A class of projectively full ideals in two-dimensional Muhly local domains
Journal of Algebra 32 2009 903 9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Algebra wwwelseviercom/locate/jalgebra A class of projectively full ieals in two-imensional Muhly local omains aymon
More informationOn the distribution of polynomials with bounded roots, I. Polynomials with real coefficients
c 2014 The Mathematical Society of Japan J. Math. Soc. Japan Vol. 66, No. 3 (2014) pp. 927 949 oi: 10.2969/jmsj/06630927 On the istribution of polynomials with boune roots, I. Polynomials with real coefficients
More informationLecture 22. Lecturer: Michel X. Goemans Scribe: Alantha Newman (2004), Ankur Moitra (2009)
8.438 Avance Combinatorial Optimization Lecture Lecturer: Michel X. Goemans Scribe: Alantha Newman (004), Ankur Moitra (009) MultiFlows an Disjoint Paths Here we will survey a number of variants of isjoint
More informationThe chromatic number of graph powers
Combinatorics, Probability an Computing (19XX) 00, 000 000. c 19XX Cambrige University Press Printe in the Unite Kingom The chromatic number of graph powers N O G A A L O N 1 an B O J A N M O H A R 1 Department
More informationON THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SMOOTH NUMBERS
#A25 INTEGERS (20) ON THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SMOOTH NUMBERS Jean-Marie De Koninc Département e mathématiques et e statistique, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canaa jm@mat.ulaval.ca Nicolas Doyon Département
More informationRegular tree languages definable in FO and in FO mod
Regular tree languages efinable in FO an in FO mo Michael Beneikt Luc Segoufin Abstract We consier regular languages of labele trees. We give an effective characterization of the regular languages over
More informationInterconnected Systems of Fliess Operators
Interconnecte Systems of Fliess Operators W. Steven Gray Yaqin Li Department of Electrical an Computer Engineering Ol Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia 23529 USA Abstract Given two analytic nonlinear
More informationBIRS Ron Peled (Tel Aviv University) Portions joint with Ohad N. Feldheim (Tel Aviv University)
2.6.2011 BIRS Ron Pele (Tel Aviv University) Portions joint with Oha N. Felheim (Tel Aviv University) Surface: f : Λ Hamiltonian: H(f) DGFF: V f(x) f(y) x~y V(x) x 2. R or for f a Λ a box Ranom surface:
More informationFIRST YEAR PHD REPORT
FIRST YEAR PHD REPORT VANDITA PATEL Abstract. We look at some potential links between totally real number fiels an some theta expansions (these being moular forms). The literature relate to moular forms
More informationOn the minimum distance of elliptic curve codes
On the minimum istance of elliptic curve coes Jiyou Li Department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai PRChina Email: lijiyou@sjtueucn Daqing Wan Department of Mathematics University of
More informationarxiv: v2 [math.cv] 2 Mar 2018
The quaternionic Gauss-Lucas Theorem Riccaro Ghiloni Alessanro Perotti Department of Mathematics, University of Trento Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo Trento, Italy riccaro.ghiloni@unitn.it, alessanro.perotti@unitn.it
More informationEuler s ϕ function. Carl Pomerance Dartmouth College
Euler s ϕ function Carl Pomerance Dartmouth College Euler s ϕ function: ϕ(n) is the number of integers m [1, n] with m coprime to n. Or, it is the order of the unit group of the ring Z/nZ. Euler: If a
More informationCombinatorica 9(1)(1989) A New Lower Bound for Snake-in-the-Box Codes. Jerzy Wojciechowski. AMS subject classification 1980: 05 C 35, 94 B 25
Combinatorica 9(1)(1989)91 99 A New Lower Boun for Snake-in-the-Box Coes Jerzy Wojciechowski Department of Pure Mathematics an Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambrige, 16 Mill Lane, Cambrige, CB2
More informationQubit channels that achieve capacity with two states
Qubit channels that achieve capacity with two states Dominic W. Berry Department of Physics, The University of Queenslan, Brisbane, Queenslan 4072, Australia Receive 22 December 2004; publishe 22 March
More informationGCD of Random Linear Combinations
JOACHIM VON ZUR GATHEN & IGOR E. SHPARLINSKI (2006). GCD of Ranom Linear Combinations. Algorithmica 46(1), 137 148. ISSN 0178-4617 (Print), 1432-0541 (Online). URL https://x.oi.org/10.1007/s00453-006-0072-1.
More informationLogarithmic spurious regressions
Logarithmic spurious regressions Robert M. e Jong Michigan State University February 5, 22 Abstract Spurious regressions, i.e. regressions in which an integrate process is regresse on another integrate
More informationCHAPTER 1 : DIFFERENTIABLE MANIFOLDS. 1.1 The definition of a differentiable manifold
CHAPTER 1 : DIFFERENTIABLE MANIFOLDS 1.1 The efinition of a ifferentiable manifol Let M be a topological space. This means that we have a family Ω of open sets efine on M. These satisfy (1), M Ω (2) the
More informationON TAUBERIAN CONDITIONS FOR (C, 1) SUMMABILITY OF INTEGRALS
REVISTA DE LA UNIÓN MATEMÁTICA ARGENTINA Vol. 54, No. 2, 213, Pages 59 65 Publishe online: December 8, 213 ON TAUBERIAN CONDITIONS FOR C, 1 SUMMABILITY OF INTEGRALS Abstract. We investigate some Tauberian
More informationarxiv: v4 [cs.ds] 7 Mar 2014
Analysis of Agglomerative Clustering Marcel R. Ackermann Johannes Blömer Daniel Kuntze Christian Sohler arxiv:101.697v [cs.ds] 7 Mar 01 Abstract The iameter k-clustering problem is the problem of partitioning
More informationAlgebra IV. Contents. Alexei Skorobogatov. December 12, 2017
Algebra IV Alexei Skorobogatov December 12, 2017 Abstract This course is an introuction to homological algebra an group cohomology. Contents 1 Moules over a ring 2 1.1 Definitions an examples.........................
More informationA New Vulnerable Class of Exponents in RSA
A ew Vulnerable Class of Exponents in RSA Aberrahmane itaj Laboratoire e Mathématiues icolas Oresme Campus II, Boulevar u Maréchal Juin BP 586, 4032 Caen Ceex, France. nitaj@math.unicaen.fr http://www.math.unicaen.fr/~nitaj
More informationn 1 conv(ai) 0. ( 8. 1 ) we get u1 = u2 = = ur. Hence the common value of all the Uj Tverberg's Tl1eorem
8.3 Tverberg's Tl1eorem 203 hence Uj E cone(aj ) Above we have erive L;=l 'Pi (uj ) = 0, an so by ( 8. 1 ) we get u1 = u2 = = ur. Hence the common value of all the Uj belongs to n;=l cone(aj ). It remains
More informationA Look at the ABC Conjecture via Elliptic Curves
A Look at the ABC Conjecture via Elliptic Curves Nicole Cleary Brittany DiPietro Alexaner Hill Gerar D.Koffi Beihua Yan Abstract We stuy the connection between elliptic curves an ABC triples. Two important
More informationLecture Introduction. 2 Examples of Measure Concentration. 3 The Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma. CS-621 Theory Gems November 28, 2012
CS-6 Theory Gems November 8, 0 Lecture Lecturer: Alesaner Mąry Scribes: Alhussein Fawzi, Dorina Thanou Introuction Toay, we will briefly iscuss an important technique in probability theory measure concentration
More informationEqual Sums of Three Powers
Equal Sums of Three Powers T.D. Browning an D.R. Heath-Brown Mathematical Institute, Oxfor 1 Introuction In this paper we shall be concerne with the number N (B) of positive integer solutions to the equation
More informationPure Further Mathematics 1. Revision Notes
Pure Further Mathematics Revision Notes June 20 2 FP JUNE 20 SDB Further Pure Complex Numbers... 3 Definitions an arithmetical operations... 3 Complex conjugate... 3 Properties... 3 Complex number plane,
More informationLower bounds on Locality Sensitive Hashing
Lower bouns on Locality Sensitive Hashing Rajeev Motwani Assaf Naor Rina Panigrahy Abstract Given a metric space (X, X ), c 1, r > 0, an p, q [0, 1], a istribution over mappings H : X N is calle a (r,
More informationON BEAUVILLE STRUCTURES FOR PSL(2, q)
ON BEAUVILLE STRUCTURES FOR PSL(, q) SHELLY GARION Abstract. We characterize Beauville surfaces of unmixe type with group either PSL(, p e ) or PGL(, p e ), thus extening previous results of Bauer, Catanese
More informationTractability results for weighted Banach spaces of smooth functions
Tractability results for weighte Banach spaces of smooth functions Markus Weimar Mathematisches Institut, Universität Jena Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07740 Jena, Germany email: markus.weimar@uni-jena.e March
More information4 CONNECTED PROJECTIVE-PLANAR GRAPHS ARE HAMILTONIAN. Robin Thomas* Xingxing Yu**
4 CONNECTED PROJECTIVE-PLANAR GRAPHS ARE HAMILTONIAN Robin Thomas* Xingxing Yu** School of Mathematics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA May 1991, revised 23 October 1993. Published
More informationSturm-Liouville Theory
LECTURE 5 Sturm-Liouville Theory In the three preceing lectures I emonstrate the utility of Fourier series in solving PDE/BVPs. As we ll now see, Fourier series are just the tip of the iceberg of the theory
More informationPseudo-Free Families of Finite Computational Elementary Abelian p-groups
Pseuo-Free Families of Finite Computational Elementary Abelian p-groups Mikhail Anokhin Information Security Institute, Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia anokhin@mccme.ru Abstract We initiate the stuy
More informationThe ranges of some familiar functions
The ranges of some familiar functions CRM Workshop on New approaches in probabilistic and multiplicative number theory December 8 12, 2014 Carl Pomerance, Dartmouth College (U. Georgia, emeritus) Let us
More informationResistant Polynomials and Stronger Lower Bounds for Depth-Three Arithmetical Formulas
Resistant Polynomials an Stronger Lower Bouns for Depth-Three Arithmetical Formulas Maurice J. Jansen University at Buffalo Kenneth W.Regan University at Buffalo Abstract We erive quaratic lower bouns
More informationA Constructive Inversion Framework for Twisted Convolution
A Constructive Inversion Framework for Twiste Convolution Yonina C. Elar, Ewa Matusiak, Tobias Werther June 30, 2006 Subject Classification: 44A35, 15A30, 42C15 Key Wors: Twiste convolution, Wiener s Lemma,
More informationTOEPLITZ AND POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE COMPLETION PROBLEM FOR CYCLE GRAPH
English NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS Vol14, No1 Series A Journal of Chinese Universities Feb 2005 TOEPLITZ AND POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE COMPLETION PROBLEM FOR CYCLE GRAPH He Ming( Λ) Michael K Ng(Ξ ) Abstract We
More informationNearly finite Chacon Transformation
Nearly finite hacon Transformation Élise Janvresse, Emmanuel Roy, Thierry De La Rue To cite this version: Élise Janvresse, Emmanuel Roy, Thierry De La Rue Nearly finite hacon Transformation 2018
More informationOptimal primitive sets with restricted primes
Optimal primitive sets with restricted primes arxiv:30.0948v [math.nt] 5 Jan 203 William D. Banks Department of Mathematics University of Missouri Columbia, MO 652 USA bankswd@missouri.edu Greg Martin
More informationPOROSITY OF CERTAIN SUBSETS OF LEBESGUE SPACES ON LOCALLY COMPACT GROUPS
Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 88 2013), 113 122 oi:10.1017/s0004972712000949 POROSITY OF CERTAIN SUBSETS OF EBESUE SPACES ON OCAY COMPACT ROUPS I. AKBARBAU an S. MASOUDI Receive 14 June 2012; accepte 11 October
More informationSYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, EULER S FORMULA. where L is some constant, usually called the Lipschitz constant. An example is
SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, EULER S FORMULA. Uniqueness for solutions of ifferential equations. We consier the system of ifferential equations given by x = v( x), () t with a given initial conition
More information