SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
|
|
- Shon Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 doi: /nature16956 Table of Contents I. Supplementary Methods I.1. Materials and Sample Preparation I.2. Contact Angle Measurements I.3. Thickness Characterization of Carnation Mineral Oil TM I.4. Condensation Experiment I.5. Optical Analysis of Droplet Growth II. Supplementary Control Experiments II.1. Effect of Radius of Curvature of Convex Topography Compared to the Effect of Surface Roughness II.2. Effect of Radius of Curvature of Convex Topography Compared to the Effect of Temperature Distribution across the Surface III. Supplementary Theoretical Modeling III.1 Theoretical Modeling of Focused Diffusion and Heat Flux on the Apex of Spherical- Cap-Shaped Bumps Using a Spherical Mass Sink and Source Geometry III.2 Numerical Calculation of Focused Diffusion Flux by Using COMSOL-Multiphysics III.3 Numerical Calculation of Total Free Energy of Droplet-Vapor-Bump System Using Surface Evolver IV. Importance of Multi-Scale Surface Structures and Asymmetry of Bumps for Facilitating Both Droplet Growth and Transport 1
2 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I. Supplementary Methods I.1. Materials and Sample Preparation Fabrication of Bumpy Surfaces The various bumpy surfaces studied in this work were molded by pressing a thin aluminum sheet (60 mm 55 mm mm, McMaster-Carr) between three-dimensionally printed polymer (Objet VeroBlue RGD840, Stratasys) molds prepared by Objet30 (Stratasys). The samples were then sonicated for 20 min with ~1 wt% solution of Alcojet (Alconox, Inc.) in MilliQ DI water, cleaned using acetone (VWR), and rinsed with MilliQ DI water. Surface Modification 1 Micro/Nano and Molecular Scale Textured Hydrophobic Surfaces Surface nanostructure (Fig. 3c) was created by immersing the cleaned aluminum sheet in boiling water for approximately 10 min 1. To make the surface hydrophobic, liquid-phase surface treatment [0.1 wt% CPE-K (Colonial Chem) in MilliQ DI water] was performed for 1 h at T = 70 C. After rinsing excess solution with DI water, Carnation mineral oil (Sonneborn, kinematic viscosity µ = 12.5 ± 1.5 mm 2 /s at 40 C, interfacial tension at oil-vapor interface γ OV = 28 ± 0.5 mn/m, interfacial tension at water-oil interface γ WO = 61 ± 3 mn/m at room temperature) was spun on the side of interest at 1,000 rpm (for Fig. 3d and Supplementary Movie 3 only) or 4,000 rpm for 2 min to create slippery coatings. In order to further reduce lubricant thickness, pressurized Tetrafluoroethane (Whoosh-Duster, VWR) was used as an inert gas to remove some of the spin-coated mineral oil from the test surfaces. To create the superhydrophobic surfaces used in Fig. 4a, the same bare aluminum sheet was first roughened with sandpaper (Sanding Sheet for Aluminum, 320 Grit, McMaster-Carr) before molding. Surfaces were cleaned by Alcojet, acetone, and MillQ DI water and made hydrophobic by a liquid-phase surface treatment [0.1 wt% CPE-K (Colonial Chem) in MilliQ DI water] for a few hours at T = 70 C and rinsed with DI water. Surface Modification 2 To minimize the effect of micro/nanoscale roughness smaller than the radius of curvature of bumps (see Supplementary Experimental below), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 10:1 wt% of Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer base : Sylgard curing agent) was spun on the side of interest at 2,000 rpm for 2 min. The thickness of the deposited PDMS was 22.2 ± 3.3 µm, calculated from the measurement of mass difference before and after the deposition. Surface Modification 3 To prepare the hydrophobic surfaces used in Fig. S3 and Supplementary Movie 2, another liquid-phase surface treatment 1 [1 wt% solution of fluoroaliphatic phosphate ester fluorosurfactant (FS100, Mason Chemical Company) in 95:5 ethanol:water] for ~1 h at T = 70 C followed by a DI water rinse was performed after roughening by sandpaper (320 grit, McMaster- Carr), molding, and cleaning. Surfaces used for Fig. S4 and for the hydrophobic control in S7 were prepared without the surface roughening process. 2
3 RESEARCH I.2. Contact Angle Measurements Static water contact angle (θ static ) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) measurements shown in Table S1 were performed on various surfaces using drop shape analysis system DSA100 (Krüss, Germany). Small droplets of water (5 µl) were placed in multiple areas on the surfaces of each sample and observed using a video camera. The angle was then estimated from the still images using photo analysis software. The θ static, and CAH were obtained by measuring at least three different locations on the sample. Supplementary Table S1. Measured contact angles of water on different flat surfaces. θ static ( ) CAH ( ) PDMS-coated Hydrophobic Surfaces 120 ± 2 65 ± 1 Slippery Surfaces with Nanostructure 104 ± 1 < 5 Slippery Surfaces without Nanostructure 108 ± 1 < 5 Superhydrophobic Surfaces 155 ± 2 < 5 FS100-coated Hydrophobic Surfaces 136 ± 6 35 ± 1 I.3. Thickness Characterization of Carnation Mineral Oil TM The average thickness of Carnation mineral oil was calculated by measuring the mass of test surfaces before and after spincoating and additional removal of oils by applying airflow (Table S2). Supplementary Table S2. Calculated thickness of Carnation mineral oil TM. All the values are averaged from at least three measurements. Area of Aluminum Mass of Oil after Spincoating Oil Thickness Mass of Oil after Oil Thickness Sample [cm 2 ] at 1000 rpm (mg) (nm) Airblowing (mg) (nm)
4 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I.4. Condensation Experiment All the water condensation experiments were done in a custom humidity chamber, composed of a metallic frame with acrylic viewing windows and a door as shown in Fig. S1, that enabled regulation of relative humidity (RH = 60 ± 5%), by a microprocessor controller (Model , electro-tech systems Inc.) and ultrasonic humidifier (AOS 7146, Air-O-Swiss) and surrounding ambient temperature (T = 23 ± 2 C). Vertically positioned flat and bumpy test surfaces (T surface = 7.3 ± 0.6 C) were chilled through the thermal contact (3M TM Scotch Double Sided Conductive Copper Tape, 12.7 mm wide and 0.04 mm thick) with U-shaped copper tube (T tube = 2.3 ± 0.3 C). The temperature of surfaces and copper tube were measured with a digital thermometer (HH66U, OMEGA). Supplementary Figure S1. Experimental setup. I.5. Optical Analysis of Droplet Growth The diameter of the maximum droplets on the bumps and flat surfaces were measured by analyzing the images taken by a camera (EOS Rebel T4i, Canon) with a macro lens (MP-E 65mm, Canon). For one data point, at least three droplets on the same surface geometry in the same image were selected. For analyzing the amount of water collection on each surface, the diameters of shed droplets were measured using pixel-counting software (ImageJ) and were then converted to millimeters using a reference measurement. The volume of water was then calculated using an estimated contact angle (θ = 105 ). 4
5 RESEARCH II. Supplementary Control Experiments II.1. Effect of Radius of Curvature of Convex Topography Compared to the Effect of Surface Roughness Previous studies on condensation on topographically heterogeneous surfaces have found that the micro/nanoscale concave textures play a major role in preferential condensation if the textured surface is modified with a chemically homogeneous coating 2,3. To minimize the effect of the small length scale concave features that are formed on the Al plates upon pressing into the mold, we coated the bumpy surfaces with PDMS used in the experiments designed for Fig. 2 and Fig. S2b (see the Supplementary Methods section above for detailed coating condition) and checked the PDMS-coated surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. Whereas the uncoated surfaces exhibited microscale roughness, the PDMS-coated surfaces did not display the micro-roughness and were effectively smooth, as shown in Fig. S2. Supplementary Figure S2. (a) SEM and contact profilometer images of spherical-cap-shaped bumps without PDMS coating. (b) SEM and contact profilometer images of spherical-cap-shaped bumps with PDMS coating. To further compare the effect of the micro/nanoscale concave textures and that of millimetric convex topography on droplet growth during condensation, we have tested the same macroscopic geometry used in Fig. 2b, in which the flat surfaces around the bumps were significantly roughened with the 320 grit sandpaper before molding, cleaning and treating them with FS100. The bump, which did not undergo additional roughening by sandpaper shown in Fig. S3, still exhibited greater droplets on its apex compared to the highly roughened flat surfaces (see Supplementary Movie 2), thus ruling out the dominant effect of the surface nano/micro roughness on the observed preferential droplet growth at the apex of the structures. 5
6 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure S3. (a) The apex region of a spherical-cap-shaped bump without additional roughening by sandpaper. (b) The roughened flat region with the same height. II.2. Effect of Radius of Curvature of Convex Topography Compared to the Effect of Temperature Distribution across the Surface We designed two different PDMS-coated bumps and a conical pipe in which curvature gradually increases (radius decreases) from left to right; at the same time, we applied a temperature gradient across the bumpy surface and pipe, such that T increases from left to right (Fig. S4). Supplementary Figure S4. (a) An image of water droplets condensed on two different PDMS-coated bumps with the same height, under a gradually increasing surface temperature (T) from left to right. The largest droplet on each bump is denoted by a yellow dotted circle. The droplets on the flat region are denoted by red circles. (b) Condensation on a conical, pipe-like geometry. Top: an image (t = sec) of water droplets condensed on a conical surface with a gradually increasing surface temperature (T) from left (T = 8.13 ± 0.05 C at x = 0 mm) to right (T = ± 0.15 C at x = 17.6 mm). Bottom: a family of averaged droplet sizes (2r avg ) as a function of position. Purple circles, blue squares, green triangles, and red diamonds represent t = , , , and sec, respectively. Gravitational force is downward in the optical images. All error bars, 1 s.d. 6
7 RESEARCH In contrast to the trend in the droplet size on the flat region that follows the direction of the surface temperature gradient (i.e. more efficient condensation and therefore larger droplets on the colder region, as denoted by red dotted circles on the bottom of Fig. S4a), droplets on the smaller bump show facilitated growth compared to that on the larger bump (denoted by the yellow dotted circles in Fig. S4a). More interestingly, on the conical geometry, non-monotonic droplet size distribution is observed. Within the region where the radius of the pipe is large enough (far left, 0 x 6 mm, in Fig. S4b), droplet diameter decreases as temperature increases from left to right. However, as the radius of the pipe decreases further, the effect of the curvature overcomes the effect of temperature and the droplet sizes begin to increase against the temperature gradient, becoming progressively larger according to the new mechanism preferential droplet growth at highly curved convex surfaces. Supplementary Table S3. Radius of curvature of various bumps used in Fig. 2 from the profilometer images. Radius of curvature (mm) Spherical-cap-shaped bump Spherical-cap-shaped bump Spherical-cap-shaped bump Rectangular bump 0.18 III. Theoretical Modeling III.1 Theoretical Modeling of Focused Diffusion and Heat Flux on the Apex of Spherical- Cap-Shaped Bumps Using a Spherical Mass Sink and Source Geometry Within a narrow region represented by the green rectangle in Fig. S5a, the concentration gradient near the apex of spherical-cap-shaped bumps can be approximately estimated by converting the bump topography to a sphere with the same radius of curvature (Fig. S5b) and calculating the concentration distribution created by a mass sink and its mirror image with the same magnitude and the opposite sign (i.e., corresponding mass source that has the same distance from its center to the depletion layer), as shown in Fig. S5c. The concentration distribution at an arbitrary point on the line between the centers of the mass source and sink can be obtained by the superposition of two independent concentration distributions created by the source and sink, respectively. In the following, the analytical expressions of the two independent concentration distributions are derived respectively, and they will then be superposed. To calculate the concentration distribution created by a spherical mass sink with the radius of curvature (κ -1 ), we can start with the diffusion equation that describes the threedimensional concentration distribution in the spherical coordinate system. d dr r dc 2 dr =
8 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION A general solution to the differential equation is given as C = A r + B. If J 0 is the diffusion flux at the surface of the spherical mass sink (r = r 0 =κ -1 ), J 0 = J(r = r 0 ) = D dc dr r=r0 ( ), = D Ar 0 2 where D is the diffusion coefficient, which is assumed to be a constant in this first approximation estimate, then A can be expressed by A = J r D = Q 4πD, where Q is the total diffusion flux through the surface of the spherical mass sink. Supplementary Figure S5. (a) Schematic illustration (cross-sectional view) of depletion layer (represented by red dotted line) and a spherical-cap-shaped bumped surface (represented by blue solid line). The green rectangle and point represent the area and point of interest, respectively. (b) A spherical mass sink corresponding to the spherical-cap-shaped bump. (c) The spherical mass sink and its mirror image (a corresponding spherical mass source represented by red dotted line) used to calculate the concentration distribution and gradient near the point of interest. The concentration at an arbitrary point on the z axis created by the mass sink can be obtained by C 1 = C 0,1 Q 1 1 4πD r 1 r 0, where C 0,1 is the concentration at the surface of the spherical mass sink. By considering the the mass flux with the opposite sign, 8
9 RESEARCH ( ) Q = 4πD C C r 2 r 0, the concentration at the point created by the mass source can be obtained as follows: C 2 = C 0,2 + Q 1 1 4πD r 2 r 0. If the two concentration distributions are superposed, C = C 1 + C 2 = ( C 0,1 + C 0,2 ) + Q 1 1 4πD r 2 r 1. In that equation, C 0,1 +C 0,2 (the concentration at the depletion layer when r 1 = r 2 ) can be regarded as constants and Q/4πD =ΔC (κ -1 ) / (1-κ -1 /2d) is substituted 4, then 1 ΔC κ 1 C = a κ 1 2d r 2 r 1. ( ) Here ΔC is the difference in concentration between the bumpy surface and depletion layer thickness and d = δ + κ -1. By substituting r 2 = κ δ - h and r 1 = κ -1 + h because H<<δ, we get: 1 ΔC κ 1 C = a + 1 κ 1 2d κ 1 + 2δ h 1 κ 1 + h. ( ) The concentration gradient near the apex of the spherical-cap-shaped bump (h à 0) is obtained by differentiating the above equation and by substituting h = 0 as follows: dc ΔC κ 1 1 ( 1) = dh h 0 1 κ 1 2d (κ 1 + 2δ h) (κ 1 + h) 2 ( ) ΔC κ 1 = ( 1 κ 1 2d) (κ 1 ) 2 (1+ 2δ κ 1 ) 2 = ΔC κ 1 (1+ 2δ κ 1 ) 2 1 2(1+ δ κ 1 ). Note that when δ /κ -1 >>1, the concentration gradient near the apex of the spherical-cap-shaped bump is inversely proportional to κ -1. The following final form of scaling description of diffusion flux is used in the manuscript: J C ~ dc ~ 1 dh h 0 κ. 1 Using the same method, first approximation estimate of heat flux near the apex of spherical-capshaped bumps can be obtained, and the dependence of the temperature gradient on the radius of curvature is the same as the concentration gradient: J T ~ dt ~ 1 dh h 0 κ
10 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION III.2 Numerical Calculation of Focused Diffusion Flux by Using COMSOL-Multiphysics Models for steady state transport of dilute species were used to simulate the magnitude of diffusion flux. The depletion layer thickness (δ ~ 10 mm > H ~ 1 mm) calculated based on previous studies 2,5 (see Fig. 2a) was used. We employed axisymmetric coordinates and twodimensional coordinates for spherical-cap-shaped bumps and rectangular bumps, respectively. The magnitude of the maximum diffusion flux focused at the apex of bumps does not decrease more than 5%, if P pattern /R bump > 2.5 (see Fig. 2c). III.3 Numerical Calculation of Total Free Energy of Droplet-Vapor-Bump System Using Surface Evolver The total free energy of a water droplet-vapor-asymmetric bump composite system was calculated using the Surface Evolver 6 software under user-specified initial conditions (Fig. S6). We kept the volume of the water droplet constant and calculated the energy of the system as the droplet moves to the equilibrium position and shape as the iteration proceeds. During the iterations, local water contact angle is kept constant along the three phase contact line and no contact angle hysteresis is assumed. The distortion near the contact line when the droplet is far from the equilibrium position arises from the curved shape of the solid-liquid boundary. Supplementary Figure S6. An oblique view of the Surface Evolver model used in this work. 10
11 RESEARCH IV. Importance of Multi-Scale Surface Structures and Asymmetry of Bumps for Facilitating Both Droplet Growth and Transport Supplementary Figure S7. Droplet growth curve on four surfaces macroscopic asymmetric bumps with nanostructure (without lubricant, r, slope = 0.64), macroscopic asymmetric bumps with molecularly smooth lubricant (without nanostructure, p, slope = 0.78), flat slippery coatings (without macroscopic bump,, slope = 0.79), and flat hydrophobic surfaces (as a control,, slope = 0.86). Whereas slippery flat surfaces showed shedding at t ~ sec, the other three surfaces did not display shedding for more than t ~ sec. The slopes of all the lines are similar to each other because when condensed droplet size is smaller than the radius of curvature of the underlying convex structure, the effect of curvature does not significantly affect the droplet growth exponent as suggested by the dimension arguments in a previous study 2. All error bars, 1 s.d. Supplementary Figure S8. Images of droplets condensed on slippery spherical-cap-shaped bumps (a) and rectangular bumps (b). Even with slippery coatings, the bumps used in Fig. 2f,h did not shed the droplets, even though the droplets are greater than the shedding droplet diameter (denoted by purple dotted horizontal line) measured on flat surfaces, showing the importance of the asymmetric topography of bumps for an efficient droplet transport. All error bars, 1 s.d. 11
12 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure S9. Fast growth and transport of droplets on slippery asymmetric bumps as compared to the droplets at the bottom edge regions, from Supplementary Movie 6. Each data point outside the green circles represents the average size of at least the three largest droplets on each surface. The green circles show the enhanced growth rate for the first three droplets that begin to move down by coalescence-driven growth and capillary-driven motion before leaving the bump and shedding solely by gravity. Each data point inside the green circles represents the diameter of the largest droplet on each of the bumps, obtained by tracking the same droplet on each of three different bumps. This plot demonstrates the superior drop growth behavior on the apex of bumps, compared to the bottom edge region and rules out the edge-effect as the reason for droplet growth. All error bars, 1 s.d. Supplementary Figure S10. Long-term steady state water collection on bumpy (denoted by p and black solid line) and flat (denoted by and blue dotted line) slippery surfaces. (a) Collected water. (b) Average rate of water collection. These extended data demonstrate that the control slippery surface, while significantly outperforming any other state-of-the-art surfaces (see Fig. S7 and ref. 7), must undergo a highly delayed triggering event before water collection can begin, and then shows lower continuous turnover rate compared to the bumpy slippery surface that has a higher continuous turnover rate, which yields substantially more water over time. 12
13 RESEARCH References 1. Kim, P. et al. Liquid-infused nanostructured surfaces with extreme anti-ice and anti-frost performance. ACS Nano 6, (2012). 2. Beysens, D. Dew nucleation and growth. C. R. Phys. 7, (2006). 3. Qian, M. & Ma, J. Heterogeneous nucleation on convex spherical substrate surfaces: a rigorous thermodynamic formulation of Fletcher s classical model and the new perspectives derived. J. Chem. Phys. 130, (2009). 4. Hahne, E. & Grigull, U. A shape factor scheme for point source configurations. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 17, (1974). 5. Gebhart, B. & Pera, L. The nature of vertical natural convection flows resulting from the combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 14, (1971). 6. Brakke, K. A. The Surface Evolver. Exp. Math. 1, (1992). 7. Xiao, R., Miljkovic, N., Enright, R. & Wang, E. N. Immersion condensation on oil-infused heterogeneous surfaces for enhanced heat transfer. Sci. Rep. 3, 1988 (2013). 13
Anti-icing surfaces based on enhanced self-propelled jumping of condensed water microdroplets
Anti-icing surfaces based on enhanced self-propelled jumping of condensed water microdroplets Qiaolan Zhang, a,b Min He, a Jing Chen, a,b Jianjun Wang,* a Yanlin Song* a and Lei Jiang a a Beijing National
More informationLubricant Impregnated Nanotextured Surfaces
Supporting Information: Enhanced Condensation on Lubricant Impregnated Nanotextured Surfaces Sushant Anand, Adam T. Paxson, Rajeev Dhiman, J. David Smith, Kripa K. Varanasi* Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Clustered Ribbed-Nanoneedle Structured Copper Surfaces with High- Efficiency Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer Performance Jie Zhu, Yuting Luo, Jian Tian, Juan Li and Xuefeng Gao*
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information On the Minimal Size of Coffee Ring Structure Xiaoying Shen, Chih-Ming Ho and Tak-Sing Wong * Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles,
More informationSupplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementary Information Visualization of equilibrium position of colloidal particles at fluid-water
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Micro and nano-textured boiling surfaces. (a) A schematic of the textured boiling surfaces. (b) An isometric view of the square array of square micropillars.
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10447 Supplementary Methods Materials. The lubricating fluids used for the experiment were perfluorinated fluids (e.g., 3M Fluorinert FC-70, Dupont Krytox 100 and 103). Unless otherwise
More informationOn supercooled water drops impacting on superhydrophobic textures
of On supercooled water drops impacting on superhydrophobic textures Tanmoy Maitra, Carlo Antonini, Manish K. Tiwari a, Adrian Mularczyk, Zulkufli Imeri, Philippe Schoch and imos Poulikakos * Laboratory
More informationOn the Effect of an Atmosphere of Nitrogen on the Evaporation of Sessile Droplets of Water
On the Effect of an Atmosphere of Nitrogen on the Evaporation of Sessile Droplets of Water S. K. Wilson 1, K. Sefiane 2, S. David 2, G. J. Dunn 1 and B. R. Duffy 1 1 Department of Mathematics, University
More informationSupplementary Information. In colloidal drop drying processes, multi-ring depositions are formed due to the stick-slip
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI for Soft Matter. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 14 Supplementary Information A1. Contact line receding velocity of an evaporating drop In colloidal
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information High-Efficiency Fog Collector: Water Unidirectional Transport on Heterogeneous Rough Conical Wires Ting Xu, Yucai Lin, Miaoxin Zhang, Weiwei Shi, Yongmei Zheng* Key Laboratory of
More informationSilicone brushes: Omniphobic Surfaces with Low Sliding Angle
Sanghyuk Wooh and Doris Vollmer Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, Vol. 55, 6822 (engl.) Angew. Chem. 2016, Vol. 128, 6934 (german) Silicone brushes: Omniphobic Surfaces with Low Sliding Angle Sanghyuk Wooh and
More informationNUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOCAPILLARY INDUCED MOTION OF A LIQUID SLUG IN A CAPILLARY TUBE
Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Thermal Sciences 2017, 1st ACTS March 26-30, 2017, Jeju Island, Korea ACTS-P00786 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOCAPILLARY INDUCED MOTION OF A LIQUID SLUG IN A
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Detailed illustration on the fabrication process of templatestripped
Supplementary Figure 1 Detailed illustration on the fabrication process of templatestripped gold substrate. (a) Spin coating of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist onto the silicon substrate with a thickness
More informationBioassay on a Robust and Stretchable Extreme Wetting. Substrate through Vacuum-Based Droplet Manipulation
Supporting Information for A Single-Droplet Multiplex Bioassay on a Robust and Stretchable Extreme Wetting Substrate through Vacuum-Based Droplet Manipulation Heetak Han, Jung Seung Lee, Hyunchul Kim,
More informationMicrofluidics 2 Surface tension, contact angle, capillary flow
MT-0.6081 Microfluidics and BioMEMS Microfluidics 2 Surface tension, contact angle, capillary flow 28.1.2017 Ville Jokinen Surface tension & Surface energy Work required to create new surface = surface
More informationSupplementary Information. Characterization of nanoscale temperature fields during electromigration of nanowires
Supplementary Information Characterization of nanoscale temperature fields during electromigration of nanowires Wonho Jeong,, Kyeongtae Kim,, *, Youngsang Kim,, Woochul Lee,, *, Pramod Reddy Department
More informationSupport Information. A multi-functional oil/water separator from a selectively pre-wetted. superamphiphobic paper
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Support Information A multi-functional oil/water separator from a selectively pre-wetted
More informationspreading of drops on soft surfaces
Supplementary Material on Electrically modulated dynamic spreading of drops on soft surfaces Ranabir Dey 1, Ashish Daga 1, Sunando DasGupta 2,3, Suman Chakraborty 1,3 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationSupplementary information
1 2 Supplementary information 3 4 5 6 Supplementary Figure 1 7 8 Supplementary Figure 1 ǀ Characterization of the lysozyme fibrils by atomic force microscopy 9 (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Engineered doping of organic semiconductors for enhanced thermoelectric efficiency G.-H. Kim, 1 L. Shao, 1 K. Zhang, 1 and K. P. Pipe 1,2,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan,
More informationSupporting Information Surface Tension Mediated Conversion of Light to Work
Supporting Information Surface Tension Mediated Conversion of Light to Work David Okawa, Stefan J. Pastine, Alex Zettl, and Jean M. J. Fréchet * College of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University
More informationContent. * *
Supporting information for Colloidal Synthesis of Lettuce-like Copper Sulfide for Light-Gating Heterogeneous Nanochannels Huan Wang,, Qian Liu,, Wenhua Li, *, Liping Wen, Dong Zheng, Zhishan Bo *, and
More informationDroplet Migration during Condensation on Chemically Patterned. Micropillars
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry Please do 2016 not adjust margins RSC Advances ELECTRONIC SUPPORTING INFORMATION (ESI) Droplet Migration
More informationInfused Porous Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Omniphobic Slippery Coatings Based on Lubricant Infused Porous Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Xiayun Huang, 1 James D. Chrisman, 1 Nicole S. Zacharia* 1,2 1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Surface tension of polyelectrolyte solutions. Experimentally measured values of surface tension of the solutions that were
Supplementary Figure 1 Surface tension of polyelectrolyte solutions. Experimentally measured values of surface tension of the solutions that were used in experiments throughout the paper. All surface tensions
More informationP09 Development of surface coatings on heat exchangers for reduced ice accretion
Effsys Expand Forskarkonferens, Tranås 17-18 maj 2016 P09 Development of surface coatings on heat exchangers for reduced ice accretion Mikael Järn, Kenth Johansson, Mikko Tuominen Outline Introduction
More informationDroplet Coalescence and Freezing on Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, and Biphilic Surfaces
Droplet Coalescence and Freezing on Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, and Biphilic Surfaces Abstract Alexander S. Van Dyke 1, Diane Collard 2, Melanie M. Derby 1, Amy Rachel Betz 1 * 1 Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,
More informationA First Jump of Microgel; Actuation Speed Enhancement by Elastic Instability
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) for A First Jump of Microgel; Actuation Speed Enhancement by Elastic Instability Howon Lee, Chunguang Xia and Nicholas X. Fang* Department of Mechanical Science
More informationSimple Fabrication of a Superhydrophobic Surface
Simple Fabrication of a Superhydrophobic Surface Revision 16 April 2012 Kian Keyvanfar David Backer 1 Lab Materials Polished copper sheet 1 sheet per class McMaster Carr P/N 8894K28 400 grit sanding pad
More informationFerroelectric Zinc Oxide Nanowire Embedded Flexible. Sensor for Motion and Temperature Sensing
Supporting information for: Ferroelectric Zinc Oxide Nanowire Embedded Flexible Sensor for Motion and Temperature Sensing Sung-Ho Shin 1, Dae Hoon Park 1, Joo-Yun Jung 2, Min Hyung Lee 3, Junghyo Nah 1,*
More informationCarbonized Electrospun Nanofiber Sheets for Thermophones
Supporting Information Carbonized Electrospun Nanofiber Sheets for Thermophones Ali E. Aliev 1 *, Sahila Perananthan 2, John P. Ferraris 1,2 1 A. G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at
More informationSupporting Information. Temperature dependence on charge transport behavior of threedimensional
Supporting Information Temperature dependence on charge transport behavior of threedimensional superlattice crystals A. Sreekumaran Nair and K. Kimura* University of Hyogo, Graduate School of Material
More informationVisualizing the bi-directional electron transfer in a Schottky junction consisted of single CdS nanoparticles and a planar gold film
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information Visualizing the bi-directional electron transfer in
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/10/eaao3530/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Topological liquid diode Jiaqian Li, Xiaofeng Zhou, Jing Li, Lufeng Che, Jun Yao, Glen McHale, Manoj K. Chaudhury,
More informationHybrid Engineering Materials with high water-collecting
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supporting information Hybrid Engineering Materials with high water-collecting efficiency inspired
More informationMICRO GROOVED SURFACE IMPROVE DEW COLLECTION
MICRO GROOVED SURFACE IMPROVE DEW COLLECTION Royon L.* Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris Sorbonne Cité, F-75013, Paris, E-mail : laurent.royon@univ-paris-diderot.fr
More informationSupplementary Information. for
Supplementary Information for Discrete Element Model for Suppression of Coffee-Ring Effect Ting Xu, 1 Miu Ling Lam, 2,3,4 and Ting-Hsuan Chen 1,2,3,4 1 Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering,
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Supplementary Note 1: Fabrication of Scanning Thermal Microscopy Probes
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Supplementary Note 1: Fabrication of Scanning Thermal Microscopy Probes Fabrication of the scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) probes is summarized in Supplementary Fig. 1 and proceeds
More informationTopography driven spreading. School of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University. Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
Postprint Version G. McHale, N. J. Shirtcliffe, S. Aqil, C. C. Perry and M. I. Newton, Topography driven spreading, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, Art. No. 036102 (2004); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.036102. The
More informationControlled self-assembly of graphene oxide on a remote aluminum foil
Supplementary Information Controlled self-assembly of graphene oxide on a remote aluminum foil Kai Feng, Yewen Cao and Peiyi Wu* State key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
More informationSupplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary Information Durable Gels with Ultra-low Adhesion to Ice D.
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Facile preparation of superhydrophobic coating by spraying a fluorinated acrylic random copolymer micelle solution Hui Li, a,b Yunhui Zhao a and Xiaoyan Yuan* a a School of Materials
More informationMeasurements of Dispersions (turbulent diffusion) Rates and Breaking up of Oil Droplets in Turbulent Flows
Measurements of Dispersions (turbulent diffusion) Rates and Breaking up of Oil Droplets in Turbulent Flows Balaji Gopalan PI: Dr Joseph Katz Where do we come in? Turbulent diffusion of slightly buoyant
More informationDrop friction on liquid-infused materials
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Soft Matter. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 207 Drop friction on liquid-infused materials Armelle Gas,2, Ludovic Keiser,3, Christophe Clanet,2
More informationMERGING OF SHEET PLUMES IN TURBULENT CONVECTION
Proceedings of the 37 th International & 4 th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power FMFP 2010 December 16-18, 2010, IIT Madras, Chennai, India FMFP 2010 MERGING OF SHEET PLUMES IN TURBULENT
More informationSuperhydrophobic Surfaces
Superhydrophobic Surfaces Glen McHale and Mike Newton School of Biomedical & Natural Sciences Nottingham Trent University, UK Email: glen.mchale@ntu.ac.uk The Laboratory Themes & Expertise Wetting of surfaces
More informationLIQUID FILM THICKNESS OF OSCILLATING FLOW IN A MICRO TUBE
Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference AJTEC2011 March 13-17, 2011, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA AJTEC2011-44190 LIQUID FILM THICKNESS OF OSCILLATING FLOW IN A MICRO TUBE Youngbae
More informationSupporting Information: PDMS Nanocomposites for Heat Transfer Enhancement in. Microfluidic Platforms
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Lab on a Chip. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information: PDMS Nanocomposites for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microfluidic
More informationMethods. Casting Mold Fabrication. Channel Fabrication. Sample assembly
Methods Casting Mold Fabrication We fabricated the ratchet devices using the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rapid prototyping technique. Photolithography chrome masks (3" plates, Nanofilm) were patterned
More informationSupplementary table I. Table of contact angles of the different solutions on the surfaces used here. Supplementary Notes
1 Supplementary Figure 1. Sketch of the experimental setup (not to scale) : it consists of a thin mylar sheet (0, 02 4 3cm 3 ) held fixed vertically. The spacing y 0 between the glass plate and the upper
More informationenhancements of immersion cooling of high power chips with nucleate boiling of dielectric liquids
Advancements in Thermal Management Conference, Denver, CO, 3-4 August 216 enhancements of immersion cooling of high power chips with nucleate boiling of dielectric liquids Mohamed S. El-Genk Regents Professor,
More informationPHYSICS OF FLUID SPREADING ON ROUGH SURFACES
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING Volume 5, Supp, Pages 85 92 c 2008 Institute for Scientific Computing and Information PHYSICS OF FLUID SPREADING ON ROUGH SURFACES K. M. HAY AND
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Direct Visualization of Large-Area Graphene Domains and Boundaries by Optical Birefringency Dae Woo Kim 1,*, Yun Ho Kim 1,2,*, Hyeon Su Jeong 1, Hee-Tae Jung 1 * These authors contributed equally to this
More informationComplete Wetting of Acrylic Solid Substrate with Silicone Oil at the Center of the Substrate
Complete Wetting of Acrylic Solid Substrate with Silicone Oil at the Center of the Substrate Derrick O. Njobuenwu * Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU,
More informationDigital Holographic Measurement of Nanometric Optical Excitation on Soft Matter by Optical Pressure and Photothermal Interactions
Ph.D. Dissertation Defense September 5, 2012 Digital Holographic Measurement of Nanometric Optical Excitation on Soft Matter by Optical Pressure and Photothermal Interactions David C. Clark Digital Holography
More informationA study on wettability of the dual scale by plasma etch and nanohonycomb structure
A study on wettability of the dual scale by plasma etch and nanohonycomb structure Dongseob Kim and W. Hwang* Deptment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: Micromechanical cleavage of graphene on oxygen plasma treated Si/SiO2. Supplementary Figure 2: Comparison of hbn yield.
1 2 3 4 Supplementary Figure 1: Micromechanical cleavage of graphene on oxygen plasma treated Si/SiO 2. Optical microscopy images of three examples of large single layer graphene flakes cleaved on a single
More informationUltrafast water harvesting and transport in hierarchical microchannels
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Articles https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0171-9 In the format provided by the authors and unedited. Ultrafast water harvesting and transport in hierarchical microchannels Huawei
More informationDLVO interaction between the spheres
DLVO interaction between the spheres DL-interaction energy for two spheres: D w ( x) 64c π ktrϕ e λ DL 2 x λ 2 0 0 D DLVO interaction w ( x) 64πkTRϕ e λ DLVO AR /12x 2 x λd 2 0 D Lecture 11 Contact angle
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Extracting process of wetting ridge profiles. a1-4, An extraction example of a ridge profile for E 16 kpa.
Supplementary Figure 1 Extracting process of wetting ridge profiles. a1-4, An extraction example of a ridge profile for E 16 kpa. An original image (a1) was binarized, as shown in a2, by Canny edge detector
More informationAN OPTIMAL CURVE FOR FASTEST TRANSPROTATION OF LIQUID DROPS ON A SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE
AN OPTIMAL CURVE FOR FASTEST TRANSPROTATION OF LIQUID DROPS ON A SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE ABSTRACT Kwangseok Seo, Minyoung Kim, Do Hyun Kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced
More informationFull-color Subwavelength Printing with Gapplasmonic
Supporting information for Full-color Subwavelength Printing with Gapplasmonic Optical Antennas Masashi Miyata, Hideaki Hatada, and Junichi Takahara *,, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,
More informationDirect observation of particle interactions and clustering in charged granular streams
Direct observation of particle interactions and clustering in charged granular streams Victor Lee, Scott R. Waitukaitis, Marc Z. Miskin & Heinrich M. Jaeger James Franck Institute and Department of Physics,
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Fig. 1. Fabrication process of the micro-scallop. (a) The negative mold of the micro-scallop is made by 3-D printing. The mold for the hinge is much shallower and narrower
More informationSupporting Information: On Localized Vapor Pressure Gradients Governing Condensation and Frost Phenomena
Supporting Information: On Localized Vapor Pressure Gradients Governing Condensation and Frost Phenomena Saurabh Nath and Jonathan B. Boreyko Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/8/eaat1659/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Acoustophoretic printing Daniele Foresti*, Katharina T. Kroll, Robert Amissah, Francesco Sillani, Kimberly A. Homan,
More informationLecture 7 Contact angle phenomena and wetting
Lecture 7 Contact angle phenomena and Contact angle phenomena and wetting Young s equation Drop on the surface complete spreading Establishing finite contact angle γ cosθ = γ γ L S SL γ S γ > 0 partial
More informationClouds associated with cold and warm fronts. Whiteman (2000)
Clouds associated with cold and warm fronts Whiteman (2000) Dalton s law of partial pressures! The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressure of the gases! Partial
More informationColloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces: An Introduction
1 Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces: An Introduction Bernard P. Binks and Tommy S. Horozov Surfactant and Colloid Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 1.1 Some Basic
More information8.2 Surface phenomenon of liquid. Out-class reading: Levine p Curved interfaces
Out-class reading: Levine p. 387-390 13.2 Curved interfaces https://news.cnblogs.com/n/559867/ 8.2.1 Some interesting phenomena 8.2.1 Some interesting phenomena Provided by Prof. Yu-Peng GUO of Jilin
More informationStructure-Thermal Property Correlation of Aligned Silicon. Dioxide Nanorod Arrays
Supplementary Material for Structure-Thermal Property Correlation of Aligned Silicon Dioxide Nanorod Arrays S. Dynamic shadowing growth (DSG) technique Figure S depicts a schematic of the DSG setup. For
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Light emission near a gradient metasurface Leonard C. Kogos and Roberto Paiella Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston,
More informationEvaporation of nanofluid droplet on heated surface
Research Article Evaporation of nanofluid droplet on heated surface Advances in Mechanical Engineering 1 8 Ó The Author(s) 2015 DOI: 10.1177/1687814015578358 aime.sagepub.com Yeung Chan Kim Abstract In
More informationDYNAMIC ANALYSES OF SPREADING DROPLETS ON NANOPARTICLES-COATED ALUMINUM PLATES
Copyright c 2017 by ABCM PaperID: JEM-2017-0049 DYNAMIC ANALYSES OF SPREADING DROPLETS ON NANOPARTICLES-COATED ALUMINUM PLATES Erivelto dos Santos Filho erivelto.usp@gmail.com Debora Carneiro Moreira dcmoreira@id.uff.br
More informationThe Controlled Evolution of a Polymer Single Crystal
Supporting Online Material The Controlled Evolution of a Polymer Single Crystal Xiaogang Liu, 1 Yi Zhang, 1 Dipak K. Goswami, 2 John S. Okasinski, 2 Khalid Salaita, 1 Peng Sun, 1 Michael J. Bedzyk, 2 Chad
More informationScaling during shadowing growth of isolated nanocolumns
Scaling during shadowing growth of isolated nanocolumns T. Karabacak, J. P. Singh, Y.-P. Zhao, G.-C. Wang, and T.-M. Lu Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION. Si wire growth. Si wires were grown from Si(111) substrate that had a low miscut angle
SUPPORTING INFORMATION The general fabrication process is illustrated in Figure 1. Si wire growth. Si wires were grown from Si(111) substrate that had a low miscut angle of 0.1. The Si was covered with
More informationTanmoy Maitra. Superhydrophobicity to Supericephobicity: A technological Challenge
Superhydrophobicity to Supericephobicity: A technological Challenge Tanmoy Maitra Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies Mechanical & Process Engineering 1 Icing in aeronautics www.staralliance.com/int/press/media_library/images/
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Compact and Thermosensitive Nature-inspired Micropump Hyejeong Kim 1, Kiwoong Kim 1 and Sang Joon Lee 1,* CONTENTS Supplementary Fig. 1 Fabrication procedure of the LIM. Supplementary
More informationLecture 6 Surface Diffusion Driven by Surface Energy
Lecture 6 Surface Diffusion Driven by Surface Energy Examples Flattening a surface. Spherodizing. Rayleigh instability. Grain boundary grooving. Sintering Self-assembled quantum dots Atomic Flux and Surface
More informationCapillarity of Rectangular Micro Grooves and Their Application to Heat Pipes
Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 8, No 3, pp. 249 255 (2005) 249 Capillarity of Rectangular Micro Grooves and Their Application to Heat Pipes Horng-Jou Wang, Hsin-Chang Tsai, Hwang-Kuen
More information3D Micropatterned Surface Inspired by Salvinia
Supporting information 3D Micropatterned Surface Inspired by Salvinia molesta via Direct Laser Lithography. Omar Tricinci*,, Tercio Terencio,#, Barbara Mazzolai, Nicola M. Pugno,,, Francesco Greco*,, Virgilio
More informationFlow Focusing Droplet Generation Using Linear Vibration
Flow Focusing Droplet Generation Using Linear Vibration A. Salari, C. Dalton Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Abstract: Flow focusing microchannels
More informationNucleation rate (m -3 s -1 ) Radius of water nano droplet (Å) 1e+00 1e-64 1e-128 1e-192 1e-256
Supplementary Figures Nucleation rate (m -3 s -1 ) 1e+00 1e-64 1e-128 1e-192 1e-256 Calculated R in bulk water Calculated R in droplet Modified CNT 20 30 40 50 60 70 Radius of water nano droplet (Å) Supplementary
More informationSupporting Information. Large-scale fabrication of translucent, stretchable and. durable superhydrophobic composite films
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information Large-scale fabrication of translucent, stretchable
More informationExperimental measurement of parameters governing flow rates and partial saturation in paper-based microfluidic devices
Experimental measurement of parameters governing flow rates and partial saturation in paper-based microfluidic devices Dharitri Rath 1, Sathishkumar N 1, Bhushan J. Toley 1* 1 Department of Chemical Engineering
More informationBursting Drops in Solids Caused by High Voltages
Supplementary Information for Bursting Drops in Solids Caused by High Voltages Qiming Wang 1, Zhigang Suo 2 and Xuanhe Zhao 1 * 1 Soft Active Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering
More informationElectronic supplementary information
Electronic supplementary information Multi-Scale Structured, Superhydrophobic and Wide-Angle, Antireflective Coating in the Near-Infrared Region Kelly C. Camargo,, * Alexandre F. Michels, Fabiano S. Rodembusch,
More informationThickness and Shape of Films Driven by a Marangoni Flow
Langmuir 1996, 12, 5875-5880 5875 Thickness and Shape of Films Driven by a Marangoni Flow X. Fanton, A. M. Cazabat,* and D. Quéré Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Collège de France, 11
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information A coaxial triboelectric nanogenerator
More informationSurface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces.
Surface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák & István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry http://kolloid.unideb.hu/~kolloid/
More information- Supporting Information -
- Supporting Information - Highly Sensitive Piezocapacitive Sensor for Detecting Static and Dynamic Pressure Using Ion-Gel Thin Films and Conductive Elastomeric Composites Sun Geun Yoon, Byoung Joon Park,
More informationConvective Mass Transfer
Convective Mass Transfer Definition of convective mass transfer: The transport of material between a boundary surface and a moving fluid or between two immiscible moving fluids separated by a mobile interface
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Cross-section SEM image of the polymer scaffold perovskite film using MAI:PbI 2 =1:1 in DMF solvent on the FTO/glass
Supplementary Figure 1. Cross-section SEM image of the polymer scaffold perovskite film using MAI:PbI 2 =1:1 in DMF solvent on the FTO/glass substrate. Scale bar: 1 m. Supplementary Figure 2. Contact angle
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRICTION REDUCTION IN TUBES CAUSED BY HYDROPHOBIC MAGNETITE NANO PARTICLES (HMNP) COATING
ISSN : 0976-2876 (Print) ISSN : 2250-0138 (Online) AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRICTION REDUCTION IN TUBES CAUSED BY HYDROPHOBIC MAGNETITE NANO PARTICLES (HMNP) COATING AMIR JAVAD AHRAR a1 AND MARYAM
More informationAggregation Kinetics of Colloidal Nanoparticles in a Circulating Microfluidic Cavity
Aggregation Kinetics of Colloidal Nanoparticles in a Circulating Microfluidic Cavity M. R. Barmi 1, B. D. Piorek 1, M. Moskovits 2, C. D. Meinhart 1* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature17653 Supplementary Methods Electronic transport mechanism in H-SNO In pristine RNO, pronounced electron-phonon interaction results in polaron formation that dominates the electronic
More informationNicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/8/eaat3276/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Free-standing liquid membranes as unusual particle separators Birgitt Boschitsch Stogin, Luke Gockowski, Hannah Feldstein,
More information