ECSE Linearity Superposition Principle Superposition Example Dependent Sources. 10 kω. 30 V 5 ma. 6 kω. 2 kω

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1 S-00 Lnearty Superposton Prncple Superposton xample Dependent Sources Lecture kω 6 kω 8 V 0 V 5 ma 4 Nodes Voltage Sources Ref Unknown Node Voltage, kω If hae multple nputs Input = x x x Output must be addte y =k x k x k x Leads to Superposton Prncple an use only for multple nputs to a lnear crcut sawyes@rp.edu sawyes@rp.edu 4 Technque to use when there s more than Independent Source n a Lnear rcut: Not always the best technque to use Wll learn lots of technques; xperence helps us learn whch technque to choose Fnd Output due to each ndependent source wth all other ndependent sources set = 0; then Add to fnd Total Output: Source of 0 s called a dead source Dead oltage source = 0 V = Short rcut Dead current source = 0 A = Open rcut sawyes@rp.edu 5 sawyes@rp.edu 6

2 S-00 Dependent sources oerew Dependent sources example Lecture kω 6 kω 8 V 0 V 5 ma 4 Nodes Voltage Sources Ref Unknown Node Voltage, kω Types of sources for crcut models: Independent Sources oth oltage and current sources Usually model wth deal sources Dependent Sources Also called controlled sources oth oltage and current sources sawyes@rp.edu sawyes@rp.edu 4 Dependent/ontrolled Source: Voltage or current source whose alue depends on the or at some other pont n the crcut annot buy a dependent source! Used to model the behaor of electronc deces Almost all nterestng or useful crcuts contan Dependent Sources Dependent source cannot be the only source of energy n a complete crcut Need an Independent Source to create the controllng current or oltage All crcut models for transstors and other electronc deces nole Dependent Sources Whole feld of analog electroncs s based on dependent sources sawyes@rp.edu 5 sawyes@rp.edu 6

3 JT Transstor = 4 = 0.6 V 0.6 V 4 rcut Model for a JT Symbol: Damond = Symbol for Dependent Source rcle = Symbol for Independent Source 4 Types of Dependent Sources Voltage ontrolled Voltage Source (VVS), urrent ontrolled urrent Source (S), F Voltage ontrolled urrent Source (VS), G urrent ontrolled Voltage Source (VS), H sawyes@rp.edu 8 VVS 0 V Symbol for Dependent Source Ω Volts Determne the current, oltage, and power delered to the 500-Ωoutput load. Then fnd the power gan defned as p o /p s. s R 50 R 5 x F F A y 48x R 00 o R4 500 o - Voltage ontrolled Voltage Source (VVS) sawyes@rp.edu 9 urrent ontrolled urrent Source (S), F sawyes@rp.edu 0 urrent ontrolled urrent Source (S), F R x A y 5 o s R 50 F F 48x R 00 R4 500 o - sawyes@rp.edu

4 Total Output = Sum of all Outputs due to each ndependent source wth all other ndependent sources dead : Smply Add them Works only for Lnear rcuts; Only knd we wll consder 6 V 5 V 0 A Fnd usng Superposton sawyes@rp.edu 7 sawyes@rp.edu 8 Output Due to 6 V Source Output Due to 0 A Source 6 V - 0 V = Short rcut Short rcut - Short rcut 0 A = Open rcut 0 A - = 0 sawyes@rp.edu 9 sawyes@rp.edu 0 Output Due to 0 A Source Output Due to 5 V Source Ω - Short rcut - 5 V 0 A - = 5 A - Open rcut 5 = =.5 A 5 5 sawyes@rp.edu sawyes@rp.edu

5 an't Wrte KVL around an't Wrte KVL around 6 V 0 A = = 5.5 A 5 V R.44 kω 40 Ω = 6 Don't know sawyes@rp.edu sawyes@rp.edu 4 R.44 kω an Wrte KVL around ( ) = 0 = 6 40 Ω R.44 kω ( ) = 0 Supermesh.4 6 = 0 = 6 = =.5 ma.4 40 Ω.6 = = 5 ma.44 sawyes@rp.edu 5 sawyes@rp.edu 6 R.44 kω = =.5 ma.4.6 = = 5 ma.44 4 = 6 = = ma 5 = =.5 ma 4 40 Ω = =.5 ma R.44 kω =.5 ma = ma =.5 ma = 5 ma =.5 ma = = ma = 6 = R 40 Ω R = =. kω 5 sawyes@rp.edu 7 sawyes@rp.edu 8

6 . kω 9 V =.5 ma = ma =.5 ma = ma = 6 =.44 =.6 V = 9.6 = 5.4 V 40 Ω kω R = =.8 kω =.5 ma = 5 ma P =.5(.6) = 9mW 9 V P = (5.4) = 6. mw. kω ma ma.8 kω.6 V = 6 5 ma.5 ma 40 Ω.5 ma.44 kω P = 5() = 45 mw P =.5() = 7.5 mw PT = 07.7 mw sawyes@rp.edu 9 sawyes@rp.edu 0 4

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