Mahmoud Abdellatief, PhD Materials Science BL Scientist SESAME Synchrotron Jordan

Transcription

1 Mahmoud Abdellatief, PhD Materials Science BL Scientist SESAME Synchrotron Jordan

2 Outlines Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental

3 SESAME Synchrotron Synchrotron light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East SESAME observers France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA We are here

4 First beamlines Phase one beamlines XAFS - XRF IR Materials Science MS (XRD) MX (Macro Molecular XRD)

5 What is MS beamline?

6 λ = 2 dhkl sinθb

7 Single Poly Nano 50 nm

8 XRD diffraction frequent uses Materials Science Pharmacological Geology Environmental Energy Nano Materials Biological materials

9 Why do we need SR-XRD? Think simple 9

10 1. Brilliance (time and statistics, e.g. in-situ XRD) Intensity Fe at 15 KeV High statistics collected in a couple of hours In situ XRD for hydrogen desorption kinetics 10

11 2. Instrumental resolution and instrumental profile Diffraction pattern is a sum of two contributions: Sample + Instrument Maximum crystal size can be studied? 11

12 3. Larger limiting sphere (radius 1/λ ) Fe at 15 KeV Fe at 30 KeV Intensity B A Short λ for Pair distribution function PDF for amorphous Shorter λ longer λ 12

13 4. Energy selectivity Absorption edges resonant diffraction beam penetration depth Higher energy get diffracts by deeper layers 13

14 Outlines Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental

15 SESAME MS BL layout Overall W61 length (m) 2.. Wiggler gap (mm) 12 Period length (mm) 60.5 Number of periods 33 Magnetic material NdFe:B Pole material CoFe Maximum field (T) 1.4 Deviation parameter K 7.8 Critical energy (kev) 5.8 Total 400mA (KW) 6.01

16 SESAME MS radiation source W61 The particle follow zigzag path according to Lorentz magnetic force F = q v x B S N S N S N S N Periodic magnetic structure N S N S N S N S 2 Wiggler gap = 12 mm Vertical field B(z) (Tesla) longitudinal wiggler axis z (mm) 16

17 Wiggler Vs Bending magnet 1/g Wiggler is a series of bending magnet Energy shifter Brilliance increases by N

18 Front end Optics

19 Defining the angular acceptance Blocking X-ray and Bremsstrahlung radiation Soft X ray filtration Isolation the vacuum of beamline from and storage ring vacuum (Be windows)

20 Power and heat load analysis P kw = 1.27 E e 2 GeV 2 B 2 eff 2 T 2 L w [m]i e P(abs) = 2.46 K Watt Source 6.01 K Watt 3.55 K Watt Diaphragm Curren t (m A) 2 mm in total Glassy graphite 1.42 g/cm 3 Total Absorbed power (k Watt)

21 Case I I (electrons) = 200 ma Temperature load on the filter Total absorbed power 1288W Temperature ( o C) Max Copper temp. = 100 o C

22 Case II I (electrons) = 300 ma Temperature load on the filter Total absorbed power 1932W Temperature ( o C) Max Cupper temp. = 135 o C 350 ma G. Heidenreich, B.D. Patterson; Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 577 (2007)

23 Case III I (electrons) = 400 ma Total absorbed power 2.6 KW 1.5 (H) x 0.23 (V) m rad 400 ma Power in (kw) Power out (kw) Fixed mask Fixed mask Rotating filter Power absorbed (kw) Intermediate situation 1400 o C < T max < 1600 o C 625 o C < T min < 730 o C 100 o C < T (Cu) < 135 o C

24 Shutter and stopper (safety) E-3 a mimimum 18 cm of W is enough to decrease the dose to 1 micro Sv/h Dose rate (Sv/h) 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E Tungsten safety shutter thickness (cm)

25 Optics layout Pink slit Mono slit

26 Collimating Mirror (Rhodium) M1 and Energy resolution ϴ c (m rad) = E c ρ s ( g cm 3 ) (kev) Reflectivity ( % ) m rad 3 m rad 4 m rad 5 m rad Reflectivity ( % ) m rad 8.9 g.cm g.cm Energy ( ev ) Energy ( kev )

27 Collimating Mirror (Rhodium) Mirror absorbs some power Mirror collimates the incoming radiation (energy resolution..) Flux ( ph\s\0.1% BW ) 5x x x x x10 15 Total Flux Flux through the Diaphragm Flux ofter the filter Flux (ph\s\0.1 % BW) 6x x x x x x10 14 after filter 2mm after collimation mirror M1 (3 m rad) Energy (kev) Energy (kev)

28 Monochromator and horizontal focusing ΔE E = Δλ λ = Δϴ2 + w 2 cot ϴ 28

29 Outlines Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental

30 Ray Tracing - Tuning optics to optimize Flux at Sample (photons/s) and the angular resolution Source Front end Optics Experimental Sanchez del Rio, M. et al. (2014). A proposal for an open source graphical environment for simulating x-ray optics. Proc. SPIE 9209, Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics III, 92090X; doi: /

31 Slope error μ rad (rms) Reflectivity ( % ) m rad 8.9 g.cm g.cm 3 M M Energy ( kev ) Rebuffi, L. & Sanchez del Rio, M. (2016). "ShadowOui: A new visual environment for X-ray optics and synchrotron beamline simulations, J. Synch. Radiat., submitted.

32 Optics optimization Effective beam size Vertical = 0.8 mm (FWHM = 0.3 mm) Horizontal = 4 mm (FWHM = 2 mm )

33 Flux a the sample (ph/s) Flux and instrumental Profile Energy (kev) 2 mm 1 mm Crystal analyzer LaB6 (0.1 mm Capillary size)

34 Outlines Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental

35 Experimental main aspects? Samples forms Instrumental resolution? Time? 5 nm Samples conditions

36 Diffractometer

37 Detector I: DECTRIS PILATUS 300K Hz Delta 2 ( o ) Sample- Detector distance (mm) Applications: Time is main matter In Situ XRD Single crystal diffraction Covered Sample- Detector distance (mm)

38 Outlines Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental Other issues (few words)

39 Hutches order

40 Shielding analysis results 0.01 Front end safety stopper 1E-3 a mimimum 18 cm of W is enough to decrease the dose to 1 micro Sv/h Tungsten Side wall roof 18 cm Optics (Pb) 2.5 cm 1.5 cm Dose rate (Sv/h) 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 Back wall Additional 1 m cm 10 cm 1E Tungsten safety shutter thickness (cm) Experimental (Pb) All wall 0.5 cm Other synchrotrons with comparable energies were considered also in the final decision

41 Summery Introduction MS Layout Ray Tracing Source Front end Optics Experimental Other issues (few words)

42 Acknowledgments Giorgio Paolucci Hossein Khosroabadi Mohammed Al-Najdawi Thaer Abu Hanieh Andrea Lausi Jasper Plaisier Luca Rebuffi Prof. Paolo Scardi

43 Some References B.D. Patterson,, R. Abela, H. Auderset, Q. Chen, F. Fauth,1, F. Gozzo, G. Ingold, H. Ku hne, M. Lange, D. Maden, D. Meister, P. Pattison, Th. Schmidt, B. Schmitt, C. Schulze-Briese, M. Shia, M. Stampanoni, P.R. Willmott; The materials science beamline at the Swiss Light Source: design and realization; Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 540 (2005) Fabia Gozzo; Non-conventional sources I: X-ray Powder Diffraction using Synchrotron Radiation; Summer School on Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data Paul Scherrer Institute, June 18th-22nd,2008. F. Gozzo, B. Schmitt, Th. Bortolamedi, C. Giannini, A. Guagliardi, M. Lange, D. Meister, D. Maden, P. Willmott, B.D. Patterson; First experiments at the Swiss Light Source Materials Science beamline powder diffractometer; Journal of Alloys and Compounds 362 (2004)

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