Facial Recognition. Courtesy of Richard LeGrand

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1 Modified PowerPoint from: Aneeq Ahmad -- Henderson State University. Worth Publishers 2007

2 Restored Vision After cataract surgery blind adults were able to regain sight. These individuals could differentiate figure and ground relationship however had difficulty discriminating a circle and a triangle (Von Senden, 1932).

3 Facial Recognition After blind adults were able to regain sight they were unable to recognize faces, they would only recognize individual, distinct features. Normal observers also show difficulty in facial recognition when lower half of the pictures are changed. Courtesy of Richard LeGrand

4 Sensory Deprivation Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars. Blakemore & Cooper (1970) Suggests that vision is at least partly an acquired sense

5 Perceptual Adaptation Visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field, e.g., prism glasses. (think about the drunk googles you used in driving school) We (humans) can even adapt to an upside down world! Courtesy of Hubert Dolezal

6 Perceptual Set Time flies I cant they're too fast

7 Perceptual Set Time flies. I cant they're too fast.

8 Perceptual Set A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. What you see in the center picture is influenced by flanking pictures. From Shepard, 1990.

9 Perceptual Set Usually our perceptual sets lead us to fairly accurate conclusions yet sometimes they can lead us astray Dick Ruhl (a) Nessie or a tree trunk? (b) Flying Saucers or Clouds?? Frank Searle, photo Adams/ Corbis-Sygma

10 Schemas Schemas are concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information. Courtesy of Anna Elizabeth Voskuil Children's schemas represent reality as well as their abilities to represent what they see. Schemas develop through experience!!

11 Context Effects A given stimulus can evoke radically different perceptions, based on the immediate context of the stimulus.

12 Cultural Context Context instilled by culture also alter perception. To an East African the sitting woman is balancing a metal box on her head and the family was sitting under a tree.

13 Perception Revisited Is perception innate or acquired?

14 Perception & Human Factors Human factors psychologists design machines that assist our natural perceptions. Photodisc/ Punchstock Courtesy of General Electric The knobs for the stove burners on the right is easier to understand than one on the left.

15 Human Factors & Misperceptions Understanding human factors can enable us in designing equipment that can avoid disaster. Two-thirds of airline crashes are due to human error. Largely based on errors of perception.

16 Does Extrasensory Perception exist? Perception without sensory input is called extrasensory perception (ESP). What do you think??? A large percentage of scientists do not believe in ESP.

17 Claims of ESP Paranormal phenomena include claims of astrological predictions, psychic healing, communication with the dead and out-ofbody experience, but the most relevant are telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition.

18 Claims of ESP 1.Telepathy: Mind-to mind communication. One person sending thoughts and the other receiving it. 2.Clairvoyance: Perception of remote events. Like sensing a friend s house on fire. 3.Precognition: Perceiving future events. Such as a political leader s death. 4.Psychokinesis: Performing a physical task with your mind.

19 Premonitions or Pretensions? Can psychics see the future? Can psychics aid police in identifying locations of dead bodies? What about psychic predictions of the famous Nostradamus? The answers to these questions are NO! Nostradamus predictions are retrofitted to events that took place afterwards a psychic has not predicted surprising events in history like 9-11 or Princess Diana s death.

20 Putting ESP to Experimental Test In an experiment with 28,000 individuals, Wiseman tested psychically influencing or predicting a coin toss. People were able to correctly influence or predict a coin toss 49.8% of the time. Why do people continue to believe? Because they WANT to or because they know someone who thinks they have experienced ESP. Scientists cannot validate the claims of ESP because they can not replicate the instances of the supposed abilities in lab conditions!!!