KS3 Geography: Settlement and Britain Y7 Knowledge Organiser

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3 KS3 Geography: Settlement and Britain Y7 Knowledge Organiser Settlement a place, typically one which has previously been uninhabited, where people establish a community. 16 Subject Specific Key Terms Site an area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed. The UK is a country in Europe There are 5.5 million people from other countries currently living in the UK Learning Log 1. Introduction 2. A History of Invasion 3. Settlement Choices 4. Britain's Population 5. Wallasey's Population 6. UK Physical Environment 7. A trip around the UK 8. Revision 9. Assessment 10. Response to Assessment Did you know? The main language spoken in the UK is English The highest mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis Crucial Command Word Describe Set out characteristics. Use a case study to describe Britain's physical environment The early settlers to the UK came from Europe and they brought tools, seeds and PIGS! Population all the inhabitants of a particular place Resources a useful or valuable possession Dense A high number of people per square kilometre. Migration movement from one part of something to another Sparse Very few people per square kilometre. Urban a town or city Relief The shape of the land. Rural the countryside Temperate A description of climate which is neither too hot nor too cold. Birth Rate the number of babies born per 1000 per year Coast Where the land border the sea or ocean. Death Rate The number of people that die per 1000 per year Life expectancy The average number of years you are likely to live. The British Isles The Physical and Human Environment of Britain The capital of England. London. The capital of Scotland. Edinburgh. The capital of Wales. Cardiff. The capital of Northern Ireland. Belfast. The major upland areas of the UK are the Pennines, the Grampians, the Southern Uplands, the Northwest Highlands and the Cambrian Mountains. Major UK rivers include; the Thames, the Mersey, the Tyne, the Clyde, the Severn and the Trent. The surrounding oceans and seas include; the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel. Celts, Romans, Vikings and Normans have all invaded Britain at some point in history. The UK total population is 65 million Major areas of settlement are located in areas with a temperate climate, flat land and access to water and resources. London is the most populated city, with over 8 million people. Other cities that have dense populations include Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester. The UK coastline is miles The Birth Rate in the UK is 1.8 Fifty three countries are members of the Commonwealth. The life expectancy in the UK is 81 years old.

4 KS3 Geography: Extreme Planet Y7 Natural Hazards Conservative plate Tectonic plate where two tectonic plates slide past each other. 16 Subject Specific Key Terms Magma Molten rock below the Earth s surface. The Earth is 4.5 billions years old Tectonic plates are around 62 miles thick. Learning Log 1. Introduction 2. Inside the Earth 3. Plate Tectonics 4. Volcanoes 5. Mount St Helens 6. Nepal Earthquake 7. Japan Tsunami 8. Revision 9. Assessment 10. Response to Assessment Did you know? Yellowstone park is a SUPERVOLCANO Oceanic plates consist of "sima". Sima is made up primarily of silicon and magnesium. Crucial Command Word Describe Set out characteristics. Use a case study to describe how people responded to a volcanic eruption, earthquake or tsunami. The tectonic plates move between 2-5cm per year. That s about the same speed at which your fingernails grow! Constructive plate Destructive plate Earthquake Epicentre Focus Immediate responses Long-term responses Tectonic plate where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart. Tectonic plate where two plates are converging or coming together and oceanic plate is subducted. It can be associated with violent earthquakes & explosive volcanoes. A sudden or violent movement within the Earth s crust followed by a series of shocks The point on the surface of the Earth, directly above the focus, where the shockwaves will be felt the strongest. The point below the Earth s within the crust where pressure is released and shockwaves travel outwards from. The reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath. Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event. Plate Primary effects Richter Scale Secondary effects Tectonic Plate Tsunami Volcano The or boundary between two tectonic plates. The initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, for instance the ground buildings collapsing following an earthquake. A unit of measurement for the magnitude and strength of an earthquake. Typically ranges The after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, for instance fires due to ruptured gas mains resulting from the ground shaking. A rigid segment of the Earth s crust which can float across the heavier, semi-molten rock below. Continental plates are less dense, but thicker than oceanic plates. Waves generated by an earthquake on the sea bed. An opening in the Earth s crust from which lava, ash and gases erupt. Inside the Earth Plate Tectonics At around 22 C the thinnest layer of the Earth is solid. CRUST Its temperature ranges from 1,400 C to 3,000 C. It is made up of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium and aluminium. The majority of this layer is molten. MANTLE The layer beneath the ocean bed is about 8km thick and is mainly made from a rock called basalt. CRUST At 5,000-6,000 C this part of the Earth is 6,000 times hotter than our atmosphere. INNER CORE Consists of iron, nickel, sulphur and oxygen. This liquid layer is found 5,150km deep. It is thought to be 4,000-6,000 C. OUTER CORE This layer makes up 80% of the Earth s structure. MANTLE A huge solid metal ball of iron and nickel measuring 2,500 km wide. INNER CORE The layer that makes up the land ranges from 8km to 70km thick and is mostly made from a rock called granite. CRUST Constructive s are where two plates are moving away from each other. Magma (molten rock) rises to fill the gap and cools, creating new crust. Destructive s are where two plates are moving towards each other. Where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle and destroyed. This often creates volcanoes and ocean trenches (very deep sections of the ocean floor where the oceanic plate goes down). When two continental plates meet, the plates collide, and the ground is folded & forced upwards to create mountain ranges. This layer is divided up into segments called tectonic plates. These are moving very slowly. CRUST It is the movement of metals in this layer that creates our Earth s magnetic field. OUTER CORE Conservative s are where two plates are moving sideways from each other, or moving in the same direction but at different speeds. Crust isn t created or destroyed.

5 Volcanoes Active volcanoes erupt often, or have erupted recently. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a long time, but can still erupt. Extinct volcanoes can no longer erupt and have not erupted for thousands of years. Earthquakes Seismolog y Focus Epicentre Shock Waves Seismometer Richer Scale The study of earthquakes The point within the Earth s crust where the rocks fracture and the earthquake begins. The point directly above the focus on the Earth s surface where the earthquake is felt strongest The name of the vibrations of energy that travel through the Earth s crust. The further they travel, the weaker they become. This piece of equipment will measure the strength of the earthquake by recording the vibrations caused by the tremors. The vibrations are plotted on a seismograph. Measures the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake on a scale of The eruption of Mount St Helen s, 18 May 1980 Nepal Earthquake, April ,000 dead & 23,000 injured Japan Tsunami, March ,000 dead & 6,000 injured Mount St Helens is on a destructive plate boundary. The Juan de Fuca plate subducts below the North American plate. As the plate subducted the magma chamber grew in size. The pressure got too big, forcing magma upwards causing an eruption. The volcano took everyone by surprise as it erupted out of the north side, rather than the main crater at the top. Nuée ardente (hot ash and gas) destroyed forests and logging camps. Ash blocked rivers destroying popular fishing sites and causing flooding. This in turn destroyed crops and livestock. People had to be rehomed. Flooding destroyed communications such as road and railway bridges. The National Guard flew helicopter rescue missions into the blast zone for 2 weeks and rescued 130 people. 57 people were killed, mainly by poisonous gases. Lahars (mudflows of ash and water) covered an extensive area surrounding the volcano Sediment carried downstream ruined barge transport on the Columbia River. Many buildings were old and not earthquake-proof. The earthquake triggered a massive avalanche on Mount Everest. This killed 17 people. 90% of the Nepalese army was mobilised to the worst affected areas, but their efforts were hampered by poor roads. The area is steep and hilly making it hard for rescue teams to access affected villages. Planes carrying aid supplies were unable to land as the airport was full. The earthquake measured 7.8 on the Richter Scale making it as powerful as the amount of energy released by a nuclear bomb. At a destructive where the Pacific plate subducted below the Okhotsk plate, and got stuck. Pressure built up and the Okhotsk plate snapped free releasing shockwaves. 1. The epicentre of earthquake along the fault line. Shock waves result in uplift of the water. 2. High energy waves travel outwards in both directions. 3. Sea movement showing crests and troughs of waves. Further away from land these waves remain evenly spaced and low in height. 4. As the sea gets shallower the waves get bigger and their height increases. 5. Just before the tsunami hits land, the sea draws back and the crest of the wave is at its highest. 6. All buildings along the coast are at risk, including those several miles inland.