Dr. Birdley Teaches Science!
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1 Dr. Birdley Teaches Science! Mysteries of the Earth Featuring the Comic Strip Middle and High School Written and Illustrated by Nevin Katz Incentive Publications, Inc. Nashville, Tennessee
2 Table of Contents Contents Teacher s Guide... 5 Unit 1: The Fossil Record Unit 2: Geologic Time Unit 3: Origin of Life Unit 4: Microbial Planet Unit 5: Introducing Rocks Unit 6: Sedimentary Rocks Unit 7: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Answer Key
3 Teacher s Guide Contents Introduction...6 The Source Cartoon...7 The Cartoon Profile...8 Assignments and Assessments...9 Sample Lesson Plan
4 Unit 1: The Fossil Record Contents Source Cartoon: The Fossil Record 12 Source Cartoon: Radiometric Dating 13 Cartoon Profiles 14 Study Questions 16 Background 18 Visual Exercise 19
5 Copyright 2009 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN Copyright 2009 by Nevin Katz 12
6 Copyright 2009 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN Copyright 2009 by Nevin Katz 13
7 THE FOSSIL RECORD Fossils and Geologic Time Objectives 1. To explain how scientists learn about the relative age of fossils using the principle of superposition. 2. To explain that scientists can learn about the relative age of fossils using radiometric dating. Synopsis Dr. Birdley stands atop a fossil bed explaining the principle of superposition. The Earth below him contains skulls of three dinosaurs and a fossilized trilobite. Birdley then explains radiometric dating with Eric Seagull and Arthur Grouse. A timeline is used to illustrate the order in which the dinosaurs and trilobite appeared in Earth s history. Meanwhile, Eric discusses the limitations of the fossil record. Main Ideas 1. The principle of superposition can be used to learn about the relative ages of fossils. 2. Radiometric dating can be used to find the absolute (numerical) age of igneous rocks. 3. Because layers with fossils are only made of sedimentary rock, your best strategy is to find the ages of igneous rock layers above and below the fossil-containing layer. 4. The fossil s age falls within a range between the ages of the two igneous rock layers. 5. You can use this date range to approximate the age of the fossil. superposition relative age igneous rock Vocabulary radiometric dating absolute age sedimentary rock Characters Dr. Birdley, Eric Seagull, Arthur Grouse Questions for Discussion Before Reading: 1. What can fossils tell us about the past? 2. What are some examples of living things that are extinct? 3. What are the various types of fossils that exist? After Reading: 1. How could a geological event such as an earthquake interfere with a scientist s ability to use the principle of superposition? 2. Why is Eric able to use only approximations? Copyright 2009 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN 14
8 RADIOMETRIC DATING Fossils & Geologic Time Objectives 1. To explain how the age range of a fossil can be determined using radiometric dating. 2. To illustrate an example of rock layers in which a fossil has been found. Synopsis Having brought the femur bone of an apatasaurus back to his lab, Eric Seagull explains to Dr. Birdley how he determined the age of the fossil using radiometric dating. Main Ideas 1. Radiometric dating is used to determine or approximate the absolute age of a fossil. 2. Uranium is useful for finding the age of dinosaur fossils because it has a long half life. 3. Radiometric dating works best with igneous rocks. 4. While fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks, you can infer their ages by determining the ages of igneous rock layers above and below the fossil. 5. The amount of uranium that has decayed can be used to calculate the age of the sample. Vocabulary radiometric dating half life uranium carbon-14 igneous sedimentary fossil femur apatosaurus Characters Dr. Birdley, Eric Seagull, subway passengers Teacher s Note Carbon-14 is another isotope that is used to date rocks. However, because of its short half-life of 5,730 years, it can only be used to determine the age of human artifacts and recent fossils. Questions for Discussion Before Reading: 1. Pick an object that you own at home. How can you determine how old the object is? 2. Why is it useful to know the age of a fossil? 3. What fossils are you most interested in? After Reading: 1. What steps are involved in radiometric dating? 2. Suppose there were no igneous rock layers above or below the fossil layer. How would this have affected Eric s ability to find the age of the bone? Copyright 2009 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN 15
Dr. Birdley Teaches Science!
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