Dynamic Planet PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. c) low temperature d) high volatile content

Transcription

1 School Name: Team #: Students Names: Dynamic Planet 2016 Science Olympiad Invitational University of Texas at Austin PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET 1) Low viscosity magmas have: a) high silica content b) high Fe, Mn content c) low temperature d) high volatile content e) b and d 2) Porphyritic rocks can be identified from the presence of: a) pubbles b) xenolits c) pyroclasts d) breccia e) vesicles 3) Which of the following are common gases in magma? a) water vapor c) sulfur dioxide b) carbon dioxide d) methane e) ammonia 4) What instrument is used to study earthquakes? 5) What is the difference between the epicenter and the hypocenter of an earthquake? 6) Very explosive eruptions tend to have magmas (select all that apply): a) with large amounts of Fe, Mn minerals d) at low P,T conditions b) with large amounts of dissolved gases e) at high P,T conditions c) with large amounts of silica 7) What type of rock do pyroclastic flows form when they lithify? a) breccia c) basalt b) debris d) ignimbrite e) calcite 8) What are pyroclastic flows generated by? a) collapse of the eruptive column b) collapse of the volcanic edifice c) collapse of the central crater d) collapse of the volcano's flank e) all of the above 9) Rank the following types of lava from the most viscous to the least viscous: a) aa b) pahoehoe c) pillow 10) Which of the following is an example of a shield volcano? a) Askja c) Etna b) Mount Pinatubo d) Mauna Loa e) Mount Fuji

2 11) Which of the following is a caldera? a) Askja c) Etna b) Mount Pinatubo d) Mauna Loa 12) Which of the following is an example of a plutonic rock? a) Granite c) Tuff b) Basalt d) Rhyolite 13) Which of the following are examples of extrusive rocks? a) Granite c) Tuff b) Basalt d) Gabbro 14) Which one is an example of a horizontal plutonic intrusion? a) Dike c) Sill b) Laccolith d) Batholith 15) Which one is an example of a vertical plutonic intrusion? a) Dike c) Sill b) Laccolith d) Batholith e) Mount Fuji e) Obsidian e) Obsidian e) Volcanic neck e) Volcanic neck 16) Laccoliths are: a) concordant extrusive rocks with well developed columnar jointing b) dome-shaped volcanic intrusions with concentric joints 17) Which are examples of hot spot-related volcanism? a) Iceland c) Azores Islands b) Aeolian Islands d) Hawaii c) lens-shaped plutonic intrusions that arch up the overlying rock d) intrusions that fill vertical fissures e) Andean volcanic belt 18) Which of the following represents the most deadly volcanic hazard? a) lava flows b) pyroclastic flows c) surges d) pyroclastic bombs e) nuée ardente 19) Which of the following are potential precursors of volcanic activity? a) change in fumarole gas composition d) seismic activity b) bulging of the flanks e) increased growth of vegetation along c) change in weather the flanks 20) Which of the following volcano types has the steepest flanks? a) cinder cone c) stratovolcano b) shield volcano d) table mountain e) spatter cone 21) The Andes mountains are an example of a landform created by a: a) subduction zone b) ring of fire c) hot spot d) continent-continent collision zone 2

3 Figure 1 Questions refer to In Figure 1 22) At which location are the most evolved magmas produced? 23) At which location are the most primordial magmas emplaced? 24) At which location would an earthquake most likely generate a tsunami? 25) At which location is new crust being produced? 26) At which location is orogeny taking place? 27) Which location is the least affected by earthquakes? 3

4 Questions refer to Figure 2 28) The Cocos Plate is made of crust Figure 2 29) The San Andreas Fault is a plate boundary. 30) What is the sense of motion of the San Andreas Fault? a) up/down d) sinister b) sinistral e) heave c) dextral 31) Between which two plates is new oceanic crust being formed? 32) Between which two plates is oceanic-oceanic subduction occurring? 4

5 33) The tectonic plates are composed of a) continental crust only b) upper mantle c) lithosphere d) continental and/or oceanic crust plus a small part of the upper mantle e) oceanic crust only plus a small part of the upper mantle 34) Choose the correct answer: Marine magnetic anomalies a) are measured with magnetometers d) are generally symmetrical about the b) Come in stripes that are parallel to mid ocean ridge mid-ocean ridges e) All of the above are correct c) record intermittent reversals of the Earth s magnetic field 35) Which of the following provides evidence of plate motion? a) chains of seamounts in the ocean d) the age distribution of basal at midocean ridges basins b) magnetic stripes on the seafloor e) all of these c) the age distribution of the Hawaiian Islands 36) a) was a gigantic continent that existed 250 million years ago. b) is the process responsible for its break up. 37) Look at Figure 3: Plate A and Plate B are both made of continental plate material where they touch. What will happen if the plates press together? a) the edges of both plates will pushed upward as the plates continue to move toward each other b) the edges of both plates will be pushed downward as the plates continue to move toward each other Figure 3 c) one plate will stop moving, and one plate will push upward as it continues to move toward the other plate d) both plates will stop moving e) there is no way of predicting what they will do, it is completely random 5

6 Question 38 refer to Figure 4 Figure 4 38) An earthquake struck San Diego, California. The approximate difference in arrival times between the P wave and S-wave at Salt Lake City is. a) 1 minutes b) 1.5 minutes c) 2 minutes d) 2.4 minutes e) 2.8 minutes 6

7 Figure 5 Use Figure 5 to answer questions 36-38: 39) How long does it take an S wave to travel 20 kilometers? 40) A recording station reported that it took 6.20 seconds for the first wave to reach its station. How far away from the epicenter must the station be? 41) There is a 8.7 second difference between the S and P wave travel times. How far away is the epicenter? 7

8

9 School Name: Team #: Students Names: Dynamic Planet 2016 Science Olympiad Invitational University of Texas at Austin ANSWER SHEET TIE-BREAKER:#41, #38, #35, #29, #22, #18, #6, #5 1) (1pt) (letter a-e) 2) (1pt) (letter a-e) 3) (1pt) (letters a-e) 4) (1pt) (word) 5) (2pt) (short answer) 6) (1pt) (letter a-e) 7) (1pt) (letter a-e) 8) (1pt) (letter a-e) 9) (1pt) (letters a-c) 10) (1pt) (letter a-e) 11) (1pt) (letters a-e) 12) (1pt) (letter a-e) 13) (1pt) (letters a-e) 14) (1pt) (letter a-e) 15) (1pt) (letter a-e) 16) (1pt) (letter a-e) 17) (1pt) (letters a-e) 18) (1pt) (letter a-e) 19) (1pt) (letters a-e) 20) (1pt) (letter a-e) 21) (1pt) (letter a-e) 22) (1pt) (number 1-4) 23) (1pt) (number 1-4) 24) (1pt) (number 1-4) 25) (1pt) (number 1-4) 26) (1pt) (number 1-4) 27) (1pt) (number 1-4) 28) (1pt) (word) 29) (1pt) (word) 30) (1pt) (letter a-e) 31) (1pt) (words) 32) (1pt) (words) 33) (1pt) (letter a-e) 34) (1pt) (letter a-e) 35) (1pt) (letter a-e) 36) (1pt) a) (word) (1pt) b) (words) 37) (1pt) (letter a-e) 38) (2pt) (letter a-e) 39) (2pt) (number) 40) (2pt) (number) 41) (2pt) (number) A-1

10

11 School Name: Team #: Students Names: Dynamic Planet 2016 Science Olympiad Invitational University of Texas at Austin KEY TIE-BREAKER:#41, #38, #35, #29, #22, #18, #6, #5 1) (1pt) b (letter a-e) 2) (1pt) c (letter a-e) 3) (1pt) a, b, c (letters a-e) 4) (1pt) seismometer (word) 5) (2pt) epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth nearest the eq, hypocenter is the point of origin of an eq at some depth underground (short answer) 6) (1pt) b, c, e (letter a-e) 7) (1pt) d (letter a-e) 8) (1pt) a (letter a-e) 9) (1pt) a-c-b (letters a-c) 10) (1pt) d (letter a-e) 11) (1pt) a (letters a-e) 12) (1pt) a (letter a-e) 13) (1pt) b, c, e (letters a-e) 14) (1pt) c (letter a-e) 15) (1pt) a (letter a-e) 16) (1pt) c (letter a-e) 17) (1pt) a, d (letters a-e) 18) (1pt) e (letter a-e) 19) (1pt) a, b, d (letters a-e) 20) (1pt) d (letter a-e) 21) (1pt) a (letter a-e) 22) (1pt) 3 (number 1-4) 23) (1pt) 4 (number 1-4) 24) (1pt) 2 (number 1-4) 25) (1pt) 4 (number 1-4) 26) (1pt) 2 (number 1-4) 27) (1pt) 1 (number 1-4) 28) (1pt) oceanic (word) 29) (1pt) transform (word) 30) (1pt) c (letter a-e) 31) (1pt) Nazca & Cocos (words) 32) (1pt) Cocos & Carribean (words) 33) (1pt) d (letter a-e) 34) (1pt) e (letter a-e) 35) (1pt) e (letter a-e) 36) (1pt) a) Pangea (word) (1pt) b) plate tectonics (words) 37) (1pt) a (letter a-e) 38) (2pt) c (letter a-d) 39) (2pt) 6 seconds (number) 40) (2pt) 35 km (number) 41) (2pt) 70 km (number) A-1