Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT

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1 1. What is the role of a geologist? Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT Earth is subdivided into three main layers based on what? 3. What features do you find at divergent boundaries? 4. Rock Cycle 5. How can mountains form? 6. Describe the asthenosphere. 7. Compare and contrast a theory and a hypothesis. 8. What causes erosion? 9. How has plate tectonics altered the earth? 10. Historical geology 11. What does the word dynamic mean? 12. Igneous rock. 13. Metamorphic rock. 14. Sedimentary rock. 1

2 15. Divisions of the geologic time scale are based on what? 16. Fossils 17. Uniformitarianism 18. What is the mantle mostly made of? What rock? 19. What geologic features can be found at an active continental margin? 20. The rate of divergence at mid-ocean ridges controls what other geologic event? 21. Compare and contrast continental crust and oceanic crust. 22. Describe the theory of plate tectonics. 23. What is the abyssal plain? 24. Describe the fossil evidence for the super continent Pangaea. 25. Who was Wegener? 26. Describe transform boundary and give geologic features and events that occur there. 27. Describe convergent boundary and give geologic features and events that occur there. 28. Why is the Persian Gulf so rich in oil? 2

3 29. The San Andreas Fault is moving in which direction? 30. Crystal form. 31. Define mineral. 32. What is a silicate? 33. Atom 34. Proton 35. What are the 8 most common elements on earth? 36. Different mineral groups are based on what? 37. Silica tetrahedrons can form what structures? Why are they so common? 38. Why do you think quartz is so common in the crust? 39. Why is color not always the best way to identify a mineral? 40. Define renewable resource. 41. List the different ways in which minerals can form. 42. What mineral is the hardest? 3

4 43. What is the difference between a resource and a reserve? 44. List things the United States most import. 45. Gemstone 46. How are igneous rocks classified? 47. What qualifies an igneous rock as phaneritic? 48. What qualifies an igneous rock as aphanitic? 49. What qualifies an igneous rock as porphyritic? 50. What qualifies an igneous rock as felsic? 51. What qualifies an igneous rock as intermediate? 52. What qualifies an igneous rock as mafic? 53. What qualifies an igneous rock as ultramafic? 54. Why do we find Quartz and K-spar in the same igneous rock? 55. Why is calcite not put on the Bowen s reaction series? 56. Rapid cooling results in what type of texture? 4

5 57. Slow cooling results in what type of texture? 58. In reference to rocks, what controls viscosity? 59. Why is there less felsic lava? 60. Why don t felsic minerals contain Fe & Mg? 61. Group the igneous rocks from the notes as intrusive and extrusive. 62. Explain how magma is created at spreading ridges (divergent boundary)? 63. Explain how magma is created at subduction zones (convergent boundary)? 64. Pluton: 65. Laccolith: 66. Batholith: 67. Stock: 68. Sill: 69. Dike: 70. Describe and draw a cinder cone. 5

6 71. Describe and draw a shield volcano. 72. Describe and draw a composite volcano. 73. How are volcanoes predicted? 74. What gases are emitted by volcanoes? 75. Crater Lake: 76. Describe divergent plate boundaries: 77. Convergent plate boundaries: 78. How were the Hawaii islands formed? 79. Describe what happens at subduction zones. 80. Describe the Cascades: 81. Thoroughly explain the formation of a caldera. 82. What affect does carbon dioxide have on soil? 6

7 83. Why are there volcanoes on the North West coast of the U.S.A.? 84. How can volcanic eruptions affect climate? 85. What is a dormant volcano? 86. What is Vog? 87. Most volcanoes are located were? 88. Lava domes: 89. Pillow lava- 90. Lava domes: 91. Basalt plateaus: 92. Pahoehoe: 93. Fissure eruptions: 94. Caldera 95. Shield volcano 96. Composite volcano 7

8 97. Cinder cone 98. Nuée ardent 99. Pahoehoe 100. Aa 101. Pyroclastic sheet deposit 102. What drives the rock cycle? 103. What drives plate tectonics? 104. How much older is continental crust than oceanic crust? Why? 105. Where do most volcanoes form? 106. What type of volcano, besides super volcanoes, is the most dangerous? 107. What is the lava type of most pyroclastic material? 108. Be able to identify pictures of the following: pahoehoe, pyroclastic ash flow, shield volcano, composite volcano and cinder cone 8

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