SAMPLE. Minerals ACTIVITY 6.1 CHAPTER 6 THE CHANGING EARTH Determine if each of the following statements is true or false.

Transcription

1 THE CHANGING EARTH 71 ACTIVITY 6.1 Minerls Proessing n nlysing t n informtion 1 Determine if eh of the following sttements is true or flse. TRUE FALSE e Minerls my e soli or liqui. Minerls re inorgni. Minerls re not me of rystls. Minerls re ll roks. Qurtz is me of silion ioxie. 2 List five ommon minerls foun on Erth. 3 Wht minerl is foun in the following items? glss iron ore luminium ore 4 Use Mohs hrness sle to ientify eh of the following: the softest minerl the hrest minerl the minerl with hrness of 4 the minerls tht re hrer thn topz 5 Write out the minerl property tht: mesures the shpe of the rystl is mesure y srthing is esrie s grey, lue, silver, et. Mohs hrness sle Hrness Exmple 1 Tl 2 Gypsum 3 Clite 4 Fluorite 5 Aptite 6 Felspr 7 Qurtz 8 Topz 9 Corunum is the sme s ensity 10 Dimon Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

2 72 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 73 6 Ientify the hemil tht mkes up qurtz, n explin whether it is n element or ompoun. 7 An unknown minerl srthes ptite ut not ruy. Ientify the property eing mesure here n give the pproximte vlue of this on Moh s hrness sle. 8 Grnite is mixture of rystls of qurtz n felspr, ut other minerls, suh s mis, pyroxene n mphioles, my lso e foun in it in lesser mounts. Is grnite rok or minerl? Explin. 9 Complete the tle elow using the following wors/phrses. inorgni nturlly ourring rystlline sn is non-living ompoun efinite hemil omposition slt is ompose of the ompoun soium hlorie (NCl) Property Mening Exmples Is foun in nture A non-living sustne, not forme y living proesses Hs rystl struture The hemil omposition is fi xe, it is pure sustne Shells re me of lium ronte The toms omposing the soli hve n orerly n repete pttern, suh s ui ACTIVITY 6.2 ICT Critil n retive thinking 1 Nme the gemstones shown in Figure 6.1 Fig 6.1 Internet tivity: Birthstones 2 Use itionry or online itionry to write out n pproprite efinition in your own wors of the following. Gemstone Minerl 3 Use the Internet to fin informtion on irthstones, suh s y month, y strologil sign n spiritul/mystil properties. The following serh terms my e useful: rystl relm irthstones, glleries irthstones, thinkquest irthstones. 4 Write out your irth te n irth month. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

3 74 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 75 5 Exmine the lists of irthstones on the Internet pges, n write out your irthstone y: month (moern) the zoi (strologil) 6 Complete the tle elow for your month of irth, n the surrouning months. For exmple, if your irthy is in April, then omplete the tle for Mrh, April n My. Birthstone y month Birthstone y zoi Spiritul/mystil properties (y month) Physil properties (olour, hrness, ensity, element/ompoun) Month 1 Your month Month 3 7 Compre the physil properties with the spiritul/mgil properties. Ientify the more sientifi property, n explin the ifferene etween these two. 8 Fin your minerl irthstone (they hve often hve more thn one form, so hoose one minerl form). Using n A4 sheet of pper, mke poster on your minerl irthstone with the pitures you foun from the Internet. The following must e present on the poster: e f Heing Pitures of irthstone minerl n ssoite jewellery The hemil formul of the ompoun tht the minerl is me from Physil properties (inlues olour, hrness n ensity or speifi grvity) Spiritul/mgil properties Historil origins ACTIVITY 6.3 ICT Personl n soil ompetene Communiting Questioning n preiting Mining resoures Mny issues hve to e looke t from ll ifferent sies efore you n eie whether they enefit soiety or not. The igrm elow shows some of the points tht shoul e resse. In this tivity you will look t issues surrouning mining our preious resoures. 1 Divie into tems of five. 2 Photoopy n ut out the rs on the next pge. 3 Assign eh tem memer one of the rs. Tem memers omplete this tivity y putting forwr their own opinions s well s rrying out reserh on the Internet. 4 List the enefits of the mining inustry. YES The se for going he INITIAL ATTEMPTS Wht hs een ttempte initilly? OBSTACLES Current prolems or issues NO The se for not going he ALTERNATIVE Wht woul hppen if this ws not permitte n n lterntive ws neee? OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

4 76 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 77 YES The se for going he with mining resoures. Disuss the gins n enefits tht my our with go-he. INITIAL ATTEMPTS Wht work hs een ttempte or rrie out so fr? This my hve een one in the pst or urrently. 5 List the rwks of the mining inustry. 6 Explin why mining is ig issue in Austrli. 7 List the enefits of group work. NO The se for not going he with mining resoures. Disuss the enefits of not going he. ALTERNATIVES Wht re the lterntives to this? OBSTACLES Disuss the urrent prolems stopping the go-he. These my e tehnil, eonomi or soietl prolems. ACTIVITY 6.4 Proessing n nlysing t n informtion 2 List the three min types of rok. 3 Complete the following pssge: The rok yle Exmine Figure 6.25 of the rok yle in Unit 6.2 of the textook n nswer the following questions. 1 Determine whether eh of the following sttements is true or flse. TRUE FALSE Molten rok tht soliifies is lle igneous rok. Roks on the Erth s surfe nnot e reyle. After rok is uplifte n expose, it forms metmorphi rok. The win n rin n oth use erosion. The rok yle shows tht the of rok formtion is ylil. The Erth uses oler rok to mke rok, just like luminium ns eing reyle. Wethering n erosion t the Erth s surfe n own roks into smll prtiles. The re move out n eposite s seiments, eventully ementing together into rok. Buril, with rising pressure n temperture, n lter ny rok to form wht is lle rok. The hot molten insie the Erth will ool to form rok. 4 Outline wht ours uring lithifition. 5 Explin how mgm forms ifferent types of igneous rok. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

5 78 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 79 6 Write out the steps involve when metmorphi rok is turne into igneous rok. Seimentry rok 1 Determine whether eh of the following Proessing n sttements is true or flse. TRUE FALSE nlysing t n informtion Seimentry rok forms from molten stte. 7 Write out the stges tht our in the rok yle n explin how the hnges our t eh stge. Snstone is n exmple of seimentry rok. Fossils will our unntly in ll types of rok. Seimentry rok lyers re only ever foun in horizontl lyers. 2 List things tht use the rek-up of the Erth s rust into smll seiments. 8 Wht type of rok is generlly hr n ne in pperne? Explin why. 9 Explin the importne of win n rin to the formtion n rekown of seimentry rok. 3 Why re there mny ifferent types of seimentry roks ut fewer types of igneous rok? 10 Explin why the formtion of rok is represente s yle. Extension 11 Whih prts of the rok yle oul our on the Moon n whih oul not? Reserh wht Moon roks re me of. Desrie how they forme n whether or not they hve hnge over time. ACTIVITY 6.5 OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

6 80 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 81 4 Complete the prtil rok yle igrm elow. Het n m MAGMA Cooling n s Het until molten 5 Explin how seimentry rok turns into metmorphi rok. Wethering n omption 6 Ientify the type of rok tht fossils usully form in n explin how fossils form. Wethering n Het n Metmorphi rok ACTIVITY 6.6 Plnning n onuting Evluting Moelling roks with foo Moelling onglomerte rok using hoolte rkles Wht you nee 1 tlespoon iing sugr 1 tlespoon shree oonut 1 tespoon oo ½ up of rie ules ¼ up of ornflkes ¼ up of melte oph utter Wht to o 1 Pour the ry ingreients (iing sugr, oonut, oo, rie ules, orn flkes) into mixing owl. 2 Pour in melte oph utter. 3 Stir well until the mixture is evenly omine. 4 Pour into the ptty kes. 5 Refrigerte until set. How is your hoolte rkle like onglomerte rok? OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

7 82 THE CHANGING EARTH THE CHANGING EARTH 83 Moelling igneous rok using toffee Wht you nee 3 ups of sugr 1 up of wter 2 spoons of molsses ¼ up of white vinegr Wht to o 1 Pour the wter n vinegr into suepn n het on hotplte. 2 A the sugr n molsses to the solution s it wrms up. 3 Stir on low het until the sugr rystls issolve. 4 Inrese to high het n oil without stirring for out 12 minutes. 5 Remove the suepn from the het slowly, llowing the ules to ispper, n pour the hot toffee into ptty pns. 6 Allow to set t room temperture. How is your toffee like igneous rok? ACTIVITY 6.7 Proessing n nlysing t n informtion Review: The hnging Erth 1 Whih sientifi re is the stuy of roks n minerls prt of? A physis B hemistry C iology D geology 2 Whih of the following is minerl? A wter B rust on metl C pper D methyst 3 In generl, wht is minerl ompose of? A ompoun B one kin of tom C two kins of tom D mixture 4 Wht is the nme of the Erth s outermost soli lyer? A rust B mntle C outer ore D inner ore 5 Wht is the nme of the molten rok mteril insie the Erth? A rust B mntle C lv D mgm 6 Wht is the nme of the proess y whih rok is roken own into smll piees? A lithifition B melting C wethering D erosion 7 The lustre of minerl oul e esrie using wht wors? A metlli B green C ui D soft 8 Wht is the most ommon minerl in the Erth s rust? A iron B qurtz C gol D snstone 9 Whih of the following is n exmple of seimentry rok? A snstone B grnite C mrle D oil 10 Whih of the following is n exmple of n igneous rok? A snstone B grnite C mrle D ol 11 Write eh wor in the list next to its mthing sttement in the tle on the next pge. seimentry metmorphi rystl shpe wethering igneous OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

8 84 THE CHANGING EARTH Wor Sttement Rok forme from molten mteril 12 Write in the wor(s) neee to omplete eh sentene: A minerl property expresse s ui, rhomi, tetrherl The reking own of roks into smller prtiles y win n rin Rok tht hs een hnge y het n/or pressure Rok tht is me from lyers of prtiles ompte together All igneous rok strts out in the stte. The is igrm showing how roks n hnge. The Erth s is responsile for the formtion of seimentry rok. Seimentry rok n hnge into metmorphi rok when it is sujete to. 13 Use Moh s hrness sle to nswer the questions elow. Moh s hrness sle 1 Tl 6 Ortholse 2 Gypsum 7 Qurtz 3 Clite 8 Topz 4 Fluorite 9 Corunum (ruy) 5 Aptite 10 Dimon Whih is the hrest minerl? Whih minerl hs hrness of 4? Wht minerl property is mesure y this sle? e Whih minerl will srth lite ut not ptite? Wht is the hrness of woo if it n e srthe y fluorite n ptite ut not y lite? 14 Explin why some igneous rok is me up of lrge rystls ut other types hve smll rystls. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 8 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor University Press ISBN