Interpreting Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Interpreting Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem"

Transcription

1 Interpreting Integrls nd the Fundmentl Theorem Tody, we go further in interpreting the mening of the definite integrl. Using Units to Aid Interprettion We lredy know tht if f(t) is the rte of chnge of some quntity, then f (t) dt is the totl chnge in the quntity over the intervl from t = to t =. For emple: Velocity v(t) is the rte of chnge of the position of n oject, so v(t) dt 5 If f(t) is the rte of chnge of CO concentrtion in pond wter, then f (t) dt 0 4 In ech cse, we think of multiplying rte of chnge times n intervl (usully time intervl) to get the totl chnge. The units help revel the kind of quntity tht the integrl represents. For ech term in Riemnn sum, we multiply function vlue times t or : If the units of velocity function v(t) re in feet per second nd the time t is 5 mesured in seconds, then v(t) dt must e If f(t) is the rte of chnge of CO concentrtion in pond wter, with units mmol/l per hour, then 0 4 f (t) dt In generl, we see tht we will lwys get Units on f (t) dt = Let s get some prctice. In the following, rememer tht: ) Suppose v(t) gives the velocity (in hundreds of inches per minute) of n oject t time 7 t (given in minutes). Then wht does v(t)dt =6 men in words? Wht units is the si in? 4

2 ) Wter is leking from tnk t rte of R(t) gllons per minute. Set up n integrl to find the mount of wter tht leks out in the first seven minutes. ) If f(z) represents the numer of flus per zork when the level of zorks is z, wht does f (z)dz represent? Wht re the units? 4) If f(z) insted represents the numer of flus when the level of zorks is z, wht re the units on f (z) dz? 5) Following lek of rdioctive mteril in smll town, we estimte there is rdition level t hours fter the lek of R(t) =.e.0t millirems/hour. ) Suppose it hs een decided tht n eposure of.05 millirems/hour is sfe. How long will it tke efore we re t sfe level gin fter the lek? ) Set up n integrl to evlute the totl mount of rdition relesed until the rdition rte is ck to n cceptle level. 6) Suppose we re producing Hokie ook covers for sle in the ook store, nd profit function P() (in dollrs) from selling hundred ook covers hs derivtive P () = 6. ) Where is profit incresing nd where is it decresing? ) How mny covers should we mke to get the mimum profit? c) Set up n integrl to represent the totl profit from selling tht mny ook covers. 5

3 Fundmentl Theorem Version I: Interpreting Integrls We hve rrived t the cru of this course. The fundmentl theorem of clculus hs two prts, which will mke the connection etween derivtives nd integrls, thus linking the two min topics we hve studied in 06 nd 05. Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus I: Let s try putting wht the fundmentl theorem sys in words, nd see why it might e true. Since F'() = f(), wht we re relly integrting is the rte of chnge of F. On the other hnd, F() F() is simply the difference etween the originl nd the finl F vlue. Thus, F() F() is ctully the totl chnge in F etween nd. Thus, in words, the fundmentl theorem sys: But we lredy knew this! One impliction of the fundmentl theorem is tht if we cn find function F whose derivtive is f, then we cn evlute f () d simply y evluting F t the two endpoints of the intervl nd sutrcting. Let s look some emples of estimting totl chnge from the rte of chnge: Emple: Let s revisit the emple of selling ook covers from erlier. Suppose we know tht the derivtive of the profit function from selling hundred ook covers is P () =6. Suppose lso tht we know we will mke $6 from selling 00 ook covers. Wht will e our profit from selling 600 ook covers? In this cse, we know tht P() = 6. We wnt to find the dditionl profit from selling etween 00 nd 600 covers, i.e., where goes from to 6. According to the fundmentl theorem, So the dditionl profit cn e computed y 6 d, which we cn esily clculte using Simpson s rule with n =, which mkes = : 6 6

4 Thus, the dditionl profit (the chnge in profit) is, for totl profit of from selling 600 ook covers. Emple: Suppose the rte of chnge of the fish popultion in given pond is given y the grph elow, where the -is gives time in months, nd the y-is gives hundreds of fish per month. Is the finl popultion lrger or smller thn the initil popultion? Determine where the fish popultion is highest nd lowest during the -month cycle shown. Highest: Lowest: Finl popultion Hundred Fish Per Month Month Emple: Let s clculte d using the fundmentl theorem. First we need function F() with derivtive F'() =. (Such function is clled n ntiderivtive of.) One such function is F() = Now we just need to clculte F() F() for this integrl. In this cse of course, = nd =. So d = In this cse, it s esy to check, since we could hve used simple geometry or the trpezoidl rule to find the ect vlue of this liner function: 7

5 4 Use Trp Rule use re So it seems the fundmentl theorem is correct! Of course, ll the things we knew out integrls re still in effect, so we cn use ides such s res to interpret totl chnges s well. It my e chllenging to come up with such n F. We ll study how to do this it lter; for now, it will e it difficult to use version one to evlute integrls. Let s do nother emple for prctice: Emple: If F() = 9, nd, F () =, estimte F(7). We know tht We now need to go on rief ecursion efore we cn introduce second version of the fundmentl theorem. 8

6 Integrl Defined Functions Suppose we hve continuous function f. We cn define new function F sed on f y picking point to strt integrting from nd letting Note the following: The point is constnt. F() = f (t)dt The vrile is the vrile for F nd descries how fr to integrte from. The vrile t is clled dummy vrile; it is used to hold the plce of vrile inside the integrl when we integrte. We cn think of F() s eing the re under the curve f from up to, if we rememer to interpret res elow the is ppropritely. Emple: Suppose f () = +. Let = nd let F() = f (t) dt. Estimte F() nd F(). We know tht F() = + t dt. (We switched the vrile to t inside the integrl ecuse we re using for the vrile which descries how fr to integrte.) Thus, F() = + t dt. We will pproimte this with Simpson s rule nd n = just to hve quick, rough estimte: Similrly, F() = + t dt. We will estimte this with Simpson s rule with the sme t (nd thus n = 4 suintervls): Therefore, we estimte F() is out, nd F() is out. Wht do you think F() is? 9

7 Fundmentl Theorem II: Derivtives of Integrls Now tht we know how to define functions in terms of integrls, we wnt to know how to tke the derivtive of such function. The second hlf of the Fundmentl Theorem nswers this question. Theorem (Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus II): Note crefully wht this theorem sys! It sys tht if we hve n integrl defined function nd we wnt to find the derivtive, ll we do is tke the integrnd out nd stick the vrile into it. (Fundmentl Theorem II lso sys tht F() is one ntiderivtive of f().) Emple: Suppose we define F() = cos(t ) dt. Then F () =.5 Emple: Suppose F() = t + t + dt. Then F () = 7 Emple: Suppose f is function given y the grph elow: Use the Fundmentl Theorem to identify where F() = where it is decresing. f (t) dt is incresing nd 0 0

8 Summry Tody, we hve Mde eplicit our ide out integrls giving the totl chnge sed on rte of chnge. Used units to help interpret the mening of definite integrl. Stted version one of the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, which essentilly sys symoliclly tht the integrl of rte of chnge is the totl chnge: F () d =F() F () Used the integrl of derivtive ( rte of chnge) to estimte new vlues of function, sed on strting vlue. Discussed the ide of functions defined in terms of integrls, nd used the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus version two to find derivtives of such functions.

Properties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives

Properties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives Block #6: Properties of Integrls, Indefinite Integrls Gols: Definition of the Definite Integrl Integrl Clcultions using Antiderivtives Properties of Integrls The Indefinite Integrl 1 Riemnn Sums - 1 Riemnn

More information

4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives

4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives . res, integrls nd ntiderivtives 333. Ares, Integrls nd Antiderivtives This section explores properties of functions defined s res nd exmines some connections mong res, integrls nd ntiderivtives. In order

More information

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp.

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp. MA123, Chpter 1: Formuls for integrls: integrls, ntiderivtives, nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (pp. 27-233, Gootmn) Chpter Gols: Assignments: Understnd the sttement of the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus.

More information

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011 Reding: Ching Chpter Section : Integrtion ECOF Note: These notes do not fully cover the mteril in Ching, ut re ment to supplement your reding in Ching. Thus fr the optimistion you hve covered hs een sttic

More information

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e Contents 6. Antiderivtives nd the Rules of Integrtion.......................... 6. Are nd the Definite Integrl.................................. 6.. Are............................................ 6. Reimnn

More information

Goals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite

Goals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite Unit #8 : The Integrl Gols: Determine how to clculte the re described by function. Define the definite integrl. Eplore the reltionship between the definite integrl nd re. Eplore wys to estimte the definite

More information

Time in Seconds Speed in ft/sec (a) Sketch a possible graph for this function.

Time in Seconds Speed in ft/sec (a) Sketch a possible graph for this function. 4. Are under Curve A cr is trveling so tht its speed is never decresing during 1-second intervl. The speed t vrious moments in time is listed in the tle elow. Time in Seconds 3 6 9 1 Speed in t/sec 3 37

More information

5 Accumulated Change: The Definite Integral

5 Accumulated Change: The Definite Integral 5 Accumulted Chnge: The Definite Integrl 5.1 Distnce nd Accumulted Chnge * How To Mesure Distnce Trveled nd Visulize Distnce on the Velocity Grph Distnce = Velocity Time Exmple 1 Suppose tht you trvel

More information

5: The Definite Integral

5: The Definite Integral 5: The Definite Integrl 5.: Estimting with Finite Sums Consider moving oject its velocity (meters per second) t ny time (seconds) is given y v t = t+. Cn we use this informtion to determine the distnce

More information

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value Chpter The Integrl Applied Clculus Section 6: Are, Volume, nd Averge Vlue Are We hve lredy used integrls to find the re etween the grph of function nd the horizontl xis. Integrls cn lso e used to find

More information

Improper Integrals. The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, as we ve discussed in class, goes as follows:

Improper Integrals. The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, as we ve discussed in class, goes as follows: Improper Integrls The First Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, s we ve discussed in clss, goes s follows: If f is continuous on the intervl [, ] nd F is function for which F t = ft, then ftdt = F F. An integrl

More information

Math 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6

Math 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6 Mth. Numericl Integrtion Lrson Section. This section looks t couple of methods for pproimting definite integrls numericlly. The gol is to get good pproimtion of the definite integrl in problems where n

More information

1 The Definite Integral As Area

1 The Definite Integral As Area 1 The Definite Integrl As Are * The Definite Integrl s n Are: When f () is Positive When f () is positive nd < b: Are under grph of f between nd b = f ()d. Emple 1 Find the re under the grph of y = 3 +

More information

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation .4 Liner Inequlities nd Intervl Nottion We wnt to solve equtions tht hve n inequlity symol insted of n equl sign. There re four inequlity symols tht we will look t: Less thn , Less thn or

More information

Math 1431 Section M TH 4:00 PM 6:00 PM Susan Wheeler Office Hours: Wed 6:00 7:00 PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED

Math 1431 Section M TH 4:00 PM 6:00 PM Susan Wheeler Office Hours: Wed 6:00 7:00 PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED Mth 43 Section 4839 M TH 4: PM 6: PM Susn Wheeler swheeler@mth.uh.edu Office Hours: Wed 6: 7: PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED t :3 PM to 3: pm ONLINE Approimting the re under curve given the type

More information

The area under the graph of f and above the x-axis between a and b is denoted by. f(x) dx. π O

The area under the graph of f and above the x-axis between a and b is denoted by. f(x) dx. π O 1 Section 5. The Definite Integrl Suppose tht function f is continuous nd positive over n intervl [, ]. y = f(x) x The re under the grph of f nd ove the x-xis etween nd is denoted y f(x) dx nd clled the

More information

n f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1

n f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus As we continue to study the re problem, let s think bck to wht we know bout computing res of regions enclosed by curves. If we wnt to find the re of the region below the

More information

Chapter 8.2: The Integral

Chapter 8.2: The Integral Chpter 8.: The Integrl You cn think of Clculus s doule-wide triler. In one width of it lives differentil clculus. In the other hlf lives wht is clled integrl clculus. We hve lredy eplored few rooms in

More information

and that at t = 0 the object is at position 5. Find the position of the object at t = 2.

and that at t = 0 the object is at position 5. Find the position of the object at t = 2. 7.2 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus 49 re mny, mny problems tht pper much different on the surfce but tht turn out to be the sme s these problems, in the sense tht when we try to pproimte solutions we

More information

Continuous Random Variables Class 5, Jeremy Orloff and Jonathan Bloom

Continuous Random Variables Class 5, Jeremy Orloff and Jonathan Bloom Lerning Gols Continuous Rndom Vriles Clss 5, 8.05 Jeremy Orloff nd Jonthn Bloom. Know the definition of continuous rndom vrile. 2. Know the definition of the proility density function (pdf) nd cumultive

More information

Unit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Unit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Unit #9 : Definite Integrl Properties; Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Gols: Identify properties of definite integrls Define odd nd even functions, nd reltionship to integrl vlues Introduce the Fundmentl

More information

Chapters 4 & 5 Integrals & Applications

Chapters 4 & 5 Integrals & Applications Contents Chpters 4 & 5 Integrls & Applictions Motivtion to Chpters 4 & 5 2 Chpter 4 3 Ares nd Distnces 3. VIDEO - Ares Under Functions............................................ 3.2 VIDEO - Applictions

More information

2 b. , a. area is S= 2π xds. Again, understand where these formulas came from (pages ).

2 b. , a. area is S= 2π xds. Again, understand where these formulas came from (pages ). AP Clculus BC Review Chpter 8 Prt nd Chpter 9 Things to Know nd Be Ale to Do Know everything from the first prt of Chpter 8 Given n integrnd figure out how to ntidifferentite it using ny of the following

More information

Section Areas and Distances. Example 1: Suppose a car travels at a constant 50 miles per hour for 2 hours. What is the total distance traveled?

Section Areas and Distances. Example 1: Suppose a car travels at a constant 50 miles per hour for 2 hours. What is the total distance traveled? Section 5. - Ares nd Distnces Exmple : Suppose cr trvels t constnt 5 miles per hour for 2 hours. Wht is the totl distnce trveled? Exmple 2: Suppose cr trvels 75 miles per hour for the first hour, 7 miles

More information

The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and F (x) is any antiderivative. f(x) dx = F (b) F (a).

The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and F (x) is any antiderivative. f(x) dx = F (b) F (a). The Fundmentl Theorems of Clculus Mth 4, Section 0, Spring 009 We now know enough bout definite integrls to give precise formultions of the Fundmentl Theorems of Clculus. We will lso look t some bsic emples

More information

INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION

INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION 5.1 Ares nd Distnces Assume f(x) 0 on the intervl [, b]. Let A be the re under the grph of f(x). b We will obtin n pproximtion of A in the following three steps. STEP 1: Divide

More information

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals Chpter 9 Definite Integrls In the previous chpter we found how to tke n ntiderivtive nd investigted the indefinite integrl. In this chpter the connection etween ntiderivtives nd definite integrls is estlished

More information

x = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b

x = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b CHAPTER 5. INTEGRALS 61 where nd x = b n x i = 1 (x i 1 + x i ) = midpoint of [x i 1, x i ]. Problem 168 (Exercise 1, pge 377). Use the Midpoint Rule with the n = 4 to pproximte 5 1 x e x dx. Some quick

More information

Section 6.1 INTRO to LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Section 6.1 INTRO to LAPLACE TRANSFORMS Section 6. INTRO to LAPLACE TRANSFORMS Key terms: Improper Integrl; diverge, converge A A f(t)dt lim f(t)dt Piecewise Continuous Function; jump discontinuity Function of Exponentil Order Lplce Trnsform

More information

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Recll tht if f is nonnegtive nd continuous on [, ], then the re under its grph etween nd is the definite integrl A= f() d Now, for in the intervl [, ], let A() e the re under

More information

AB Calculus Review Sheet

AB Calculus Review Sheet AB Clculus Review Sheet Legend: A Preclculus, B Limits, C Differentil Clculus, D Applictions of Differentil Clculus, E Integrl Clculus, F Applictions of Integrl Clculus, G Prticle Motion nd Rtes This is

More information

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

Review Exercises for Chapter 4 _R.qd // : PM Pge CHAPTER Integrtion Review Eercises for Chpter In Eercises nd, use the grph of to sketch grph of f. To print n enlrged cop of the grph, go to the wesite www.mthgrphs.com... In Eercises

More information

( ) where f ( x ) is a. AB Calculus Exam Review Sheet. A. Precalculus Type problems. Find the zeros of f ( x).

( ) where f ( x ) is a. AB Calculus Exam Review Sheet. A. Precalculus Type problems. Find the zeros of f ( x). AB Clculus Exm Review Sheet A. Preclculus Type prolems A1 Find the zeros of f ( x). This is wht you think of doing A2 A3 Find the intersection of f ( x) nd g( x). Show tht f ( x) is even. A4 Show tht f

More information

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest AB Clculus Exm Review Sheet - Solutions A. Preclculus Type prolems A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 This is wht you think of doing Find the zeros of f ( x). Set function equl to 0. Fctor or use qudrtic eqution if

More information

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The Total Change Theorem and the Area Under a Curve.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The Total Change Theorem and the Area Under a Curve. Clculus Li Vs The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus. The Totl Chnge Theorem nd the Are Under Curve. Recll the following fct from Clculus course. If continuous function f(x) represents the rte of chnge of F

More information

The Trapezoidal Rule

The Trapezoidal Rule _.qd // : PM Pge 9 SECTION. Numericl Integrtion 9 f Section. The re of the region cn e pproimted using four trpezoids. Figure. = f( ) f( ) n The re of the first trpezoid is f f n. Figure. = Numericl Integrtion

More information

Chapter 0. What is the Lebesgue integral about?

Chapter 0. What is the Lebesgue integral about? Chpter 0. Wht is the Lebesgue integrl bout? The pln is to hve tutoril sheet ech week, most often on Fridy, (to be done during the clss) where you will try to get used to the ides introduced in the previous

More information

The practical version

The practical version Roerto s Notes on Integrl Clculus Chpter 4: Definite integrls nd the FTC Section 7 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus: The prcticl version Wht you need to know lredy: The theoreticl version of the FTC. Wht

More information

Integration. 148 Chapter 7 Integration

Integration. 148 Chapter 7 Integration 48 Chpter 7 Integrtion 7 Integrtion t ech, by supposing tht during ech tenth of second the object is going t constnt speed Since the object initilly hs speed, we gin suppose it mintins this speed, but

More information

7.1 Integral as Net Change and 7.2 Areas in the Plane Calculus

7.1 Integral as Net Change and 7.2 Areas in the Plane Calculus 7.1 Integrl s Net Chnge nd 7. Ares in the Plne Clculus 7.1 INTEGRAL AS NET CHANGE Notecrds from 7.1: Displcement vs Totl Distnce, Integrl s Net Chnge We hve lredy seen how the position of n oject cn e

More information

ROB EBY Blinn College Mathematics Department

ROB EBY Blinn College Mathematics Department ROB EBY Blinn College Mthemtics Deprtment Mthemtics Deprtment 5.1, 5.2 Are, Definite Integrls MATH 2413 Rob Eby-Fll 26 Weknowthtwhengiventhedistncefunction, wecnfindthevelocitytnypointbyfindingthederivtiveorinstntneous

More information

Now, given the derivative, can we find the function back? Can we antidifferenitate it?

Now, given the derivative, can we find the function back? Can we antidifferenitate it? Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus. Prt I Connection between integrtion nd differentition. Tody we will discuss reltionship between two mjor concepts of Clculus: integrtion nd differentition. We will show tht

More information

Definite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 +

Definite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 + Definite Integrls --5 The re under curve cn e pproximted y dding up the res of rectngles. Exmple. Approximte the re under y = from x = to x = using equl suintervls nd + x evluting the function t the left-hnd

More information

7.2 The Definite Integral

7.2 The Definite Integral 7.2 The Definite Integrl the definite integrl In the previous section, it ws found tht if function f is continuous nd nonnegtive, then the re under the grph of f on [, b] is given by F (b) F (), where

More information

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 28

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 28 officil wesite http://uoft.me/mat137 MAT137 Clculus! Lecture 28 Tody: Antiderivtives Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Net: More FTC (review v. 8.5-8.7) 5.7 Sustitution (v. 9.1-9.4) Properties of the Definite

More information

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Particle Motion, and Average Value

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Particle Motion, and Average Value The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, Prticle Motion, nd Averge Vlue b Three Things to Alwys Keep In Mind: (1) v( dt p( b) p( ), where v( represents the velocity nd p( represents the position. b (2) v ( dt

More information

Section 5.1 #7, 10, 16, 21, 25; Section 5.2 #8, 9, 15, 20, 27, 30; Section 5.3 #4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 28, 31; Section 5.4 #7, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 40

Section 5.1 #7, 10, 16, 21, 25; Section 5.2 #8, 9, 15, 20, 27, 30; Section 5.3 #4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 28, 31; Section 5.4 #7, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 40 Mth B Prof. Audrey Terrs HW # Solutions by Alex Eustis Due Tuesdy, Oct. 9 Section 5. #7,, 6,, 5; Section 5. #8, 9, 5,, 7, 3; Section 5.3 #4, 6, 9, 3, 6, 8, 3; Section 5.4 #7, 8,, 3, 5, 9, 4 5..7 Since

More information

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as Improper Integrls Two different types of integrls cn qulify s improper. The first type of improper integrl (which we will refer to s Type I) involves evluting n integrl over n infinite region. In the grph

More information

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus.

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. Evluting definite integrls. The indefinite integrl- new nme for nti-derivtive. Differentiting integrls. Theorem Suppose f is continuous

More information

Section 6.1 Definite Integral

Section 6.1 Definite Integral Section 6.1 Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot e determined

More information

Calculus Module C21. Areas by Integration. Copyright This publication The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved.

Calculus Module C21. Areas by Integration. Copyright This publication The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved. Clculus Module C Ares Integrtion Copright This puliction The Northern Alert Institute of Technolog 7. All Rights Reserved. LAST REVISED Mrch, 9 Introduction to Ares Integrtion Sttement of Prerequisite

More information

MATH , Calculus 2, Fall 2018

MATH , Calculus 2, Fall 2018 MATH 36-2, 36-3 Clculus 2, Fll 28 The FUNdmentl Theorem of Clculus Sections 5.4 nd 5.5 This worksheet focuses on the most importnt theorem in clculus. In fct, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (FTC is rgubly

More information

An Overview of Integration

An Overview of Integration An Overview of Integrtion S. F. Ellermeyer July 26, 2 The Definite Integrl of Function f Over n Intervl, Suppose tht f is continuous function defined on n intervl,. The definite integrl of f from to is

More information

Riemann is the Mann! (But Lebesgue may besgue to differ.)

Riemann is the Mann! (But Lebesgue may besgue to differ.) Riemnn is the Mnn! (But Lebesgue my besgue to differ.) Leo Livshits My 2, 2008 1 For finite intervls in R We hve seen in clss tht every continuous function f : [, b] R hs the property tht for every ɛ >

More information

Suppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2.

Suppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2. Mth 43 Section 6. Section 6.: Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot

More information

A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007

A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007 A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H Thoms Shores Deprtment of Mthemtics University of Nebrsk Spring 2007 Contents Rtes of Chnge nd Derivtives 1 Dierentils 4 Are nd Integrls 5 Multivrite Clculus

More information

Lecture 1: Introduction to integration theory and bounded variation

Lecture 1: Introduction to integration theory and bounded variation Lecture 1: Introduction to integrtion theory nd bounded vrition Wht is this course bout? Integrtion theory. The first question you might hve is why there is nything you need to lern bout integrtion. You

More information

ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019

ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019 ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS MATH00030 SEMESTER 208/209 DR. ANTHONY BROWN 7.. Introduction to Integrtion. 7. Integrl Clculus As ws the cse with the chpter on differentil

More information

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral Improper Integrls Every time tht we hve evluted definite integrl such s f(x) dx, we hve mde two implicit ssumptions bout the integrl:. The intervl [, b] is finite, nd. f(x) is continuous on [, b]. If one

More information

4.6 Numerical Integration

4.6 Numerical Integration .6 Numericl Integrtion 5.6 Numericl Integrtion Approimte definite integrl using the Trpezoidl Rule. Approimte definite integrl using Simpson s Rule. Anlze the pproimte errors in the Trpezoidl Rule nd Simpson

More information

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus.

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. Evluting definite integrls. The indefinite integrl- new nme for nti-derivtive. Differentiting integrls. Tody we provide the connection

More information

Math 1431 Section 6.1. f x dx, find f. Question 22: If. a. 5 b. π c. π-5 d. 0 e. -5. Question 33: Choose the correct statement given that

Math 1431 Section 6.1. f x dx, find f. Question 22: If. a. 5 b. π c. π-5 d. 0 e. -5. Question 33: Choose the correct statement given that Mth 43 Section 6 Question : If f d nd f d, find f 4 d π c π- d e - Question 33: Choose the correct sttement given tht 7 f d 8 nd 7 f d3 7 c d f d3 f d f d f d e None of these Mth 43 Section 6 Are Under

More information

AP Calculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integral: Day 12 Chapter 6 Review

AP Calculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integral: Day 12 Chapter 6 Review AP Clculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integrl: Dy Nme o Are Approximtions Riemnn Sums: LRAM, MRAM, RRAM Chpter 6 Review Trpezoidl Rule: T = h ( y + y + y +!+ y + y 0 n n) **Know how to find rectngle

More information

different methods (left endpoint, right endpoint, midpoint, trapezoid, Simpson s).

different methods (left endpoint, right endpoint, midpoint, trapezoid, Simpson s). Mth 1A with Professor Stnkov Worksheet, Discussion #41; Wednesdy, 12/6/217 GSI nme: Roy Zho Problems 1. Write the integrl 3 dx s limit of Riemnn sums. Write it using 2 intervls using the 1 x different

More information

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review MATH 144: Business Clculus Finl Review 1 Skills 1. Clculte severl limits. 2. Find verticl nd horizontl symptotes for given rtionl function. 3. Clculte derivtive by definition. 4. Clculte severl derivtives

More information

Week 10: Riemann integral and its properties

Week 10: Riemann integral and its properties Clculus nd Liner Algebr for Biomedicl Engineering Week 10: Riemnn integrl nd its properties H. Führ, Lehrstuhl A für Mthemtik, RWTH Achen, WS 07 Motivtion: Computing flow from flow rtes 1 We observe the

More information

Math 8 Winter 2015 Applications of Integration

Math 8 Winter 2015 Applications of Integration Mth 8 Winter 205 Applictions of Integrtion Here re few importnt pplictions of integrtion. The pplictions you my see on n exm in this course include only the Net Chnge Theorem (which is relly just the Fundmentl

More information

Anti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions

Anti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions Anti-derivtives/Indefinite Integrls of Bsic Functions Power Rule: In prticulr, this mens tht x n+ x n n + + C, dx = ln x + C, if n if n = x 0 dx = dx = dx = x + C nd x (lthough you won t use the second

More information

Math 1B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numerical methods

Math 1B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numerical methods Mth B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numericl methods Nthn Pflueger 4 September 0 Introduction The five numericl methods descried in the previous lecture ll operte by the sme principle: they pproximte the

More information

a < a+ x < a+2 x < < a+n x = b, n A i n f(x i ) x. i=1 i=1

a < a+ x < a+2 x < < a+n x = b, n A i n f(x i ) x. i=1 i=1 Mth 33 Volume Stewrt 5.2 Geometry of integrls. In this section, we will lern how to compute volumes using integrls defined by slice nlysis. First, we recll from Clculus I how to compute res. Given the

More information

The Regulated and Riemann Integrals

The Regulated and Riemann Integrals Chpter 1 The Regulted nd Riemnn Integrls 1.1 Introduction We will consider severl different pproches to defining the definite integrl f(x) dx of function f(x). These definitions will ll ssign the sme vlue

More information

( ) Same as above but m = f x = f x - symmetric to y-axis. find where f ( x) Relative: Find where f ( x) x a + lim exists ( lim f exists.

( ) Same as above but m = f x = f x - symmetric to y-axis. find where f ( x) Relative: Find where f ( x) x a + lim exists ( lim f exists. AP Clculus Finl Review Sheet solutions When you see the words This is wht you think of doing Find the zeros Set function =, fctor or use qudrtic eqution if qudrtic, grph to find zeros on clcultor Find

More information

10 Vector Integral Calculus

10 Vector Integral Calculus Vector Integrl lculus Vector integrl clculus extends integrls s known from clculus to integrls over curves ("line integrls"), surfces ("surfce integrls") nd solids ("volume integrls"). These integrls hve

More information

MATH SS124 Sec 39 Concepts summary with examples

MATH SS124 Sec 39 Concepts summary with examples This note is mde for students in MTH124 Section 39 to review most(not ll) topics I think we covered in this semester, nd there s exmples fter these concepts, go over this note nd try to solve those exmples

More information

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB Topics Covered AP Clculus AB ) Elementry Functions ) Properties of Functions i) A function f is defined s set of ll ordered pirs (, y), such tht for ech element, there corresponds ectly one element y.

More information

Review of Gaussian Quadrature method

Review of Gaussian Quadrature method Review of Gussin Qudrture method Nsser M. Asi Spring 006 compiled on Sundy Decemer 1, 017 t 09:1 PM 1 The prolem To find numericl vlue for the integrl of rel vlued function of rel vrile over specific rnge

More information

5.1 Estimating with Finite Sums Calculus

5.1 Estimating with Finite Sums Calculus 5.1 ESTIMATING WITH FINITE SUMS Emple: Suppose from the nd to 4 th hour of our rod trip, ou trvel with the cruise control set to ectl 70 miles per hour for tht two hour stretch. How fr hve ou trveled during

More information

NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

NUMERICAL INTEGRATION NUMERICAL INTEGRATION How do we evlute I = f (x) dx By the fundmentl theorem of clculus, if F (x) is n ntiderivtive of f (x), then I = f (x) dx = F (x) b = F (b) F () However, in prctice most integrls

More information

Distance And Velocity

Distance And Velocity Unit #8 - The Integrl Some problems nd solutions selected or dpted from Hughes-Hllett Clculus. Distnce And Velocity. The grph below shows the velocity, v, of n object (in meters/sec). Estimte the totl

More information

SYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

SYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus SYDE 112, LECTURES & 4: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus So fr we hve introduced two new concepts in this course: ntidifferentition nd Riemnn sums. It turns out tht these quntities re relted, but it is

More information

Objectives. Materials

Objectives. Materials Techer Notes Activity 17 Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Objectives Explore the connections between n ccumultion function, one defined by definite integrl, nd the integrnd Discover tht the derivtive of the

More information

Unit Six AP Calculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrals. Name Period Date NON-CALCULATOR SECTION

Unit Six AP Calculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrals. Name Period Date NON-CALCULATOR SECTION Unit Six AP Clculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrls Nme Period Dte NON-CALCULATOR SECTION Voculry: Directions Define ech word nd give n exmple. 1. Definite Integrl. Men Vlue Theorem (for definite integrls)

More information

(0.0)(0.1)+(0.3)(0.1)+(0.6)(0.1)+ +(2.7)(0.1) = 1.35

(0.0)(0.1)+(0.3)(0.1)+(0.6)(0.1)+ +(2.7)(0.1) = 1.35 7 Integrtion º½ ÌÛÓ Ü ÑÔÐ Up to now we hve been concerned with extrcting informtion bout how function chnges from the function itself. Given knowledge bout n object s position, for exmple, we wnt to know

More information

Numerical Analysis: Trapezoidal and Simpson s Rule

Numerical Analysis: Trapezoidal and Simpson s Rule nd Simpson s Mthemticl question we re interested in numericlly nswering How to we evlute I = f (x) dx? Clculus tells us tht if F(x) is the ntiderivtive of function f (x) on the intervl [, b], then I =

More information

Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory Spring 2013 Anant Sahai Lecture 17

Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory Spring 2013 Anant Sahai Lecture 17 EECS 70 Discrete Mthemtics nd Proility Theory Spring 2013 Annt Shi Lecture 17 I.I.D. Rndom Vriles Estimting the is of coin Question: We wnt to estimte the proportion p of Democrts in the US popultion,

More information

Big idea in Calculus: approximation

Big idea in Calculus: approximation Big ide in Clculus: pproximtion Derivtive: f (x) = df dx f f(x +h) f(x) =, x h rte of chnge is pproximtely the rtio of chnges in the function vlue nd in the vrible in very short time Liner pproximtion:

More information

How do we solve these things, especially when they get complicated? How do we know when a system has a solution, and when is it unique?

How do we solve these things, especially when they get complicated? How do we know when a system has a solution, and when is it unique? XII. LINEAR ALGEBRA: SOLVING SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS Tody we re going to tlk out solving systems of liner equtions. These re prolems tht give couple of equtions with couple of unknowns, like: 6= x + x 7=

More information

Chapters Five Notes SN AA U1C5

Chapters Five Notes SN AA U1C5 Chpters Five Notes SN AA U1C5 Nme Period Section 5-: Fctoring Qudrtic Epressions When you took lger, you lerned tht the first thing involved in fctoring is to mke sure to fctor out ny numers or vriles

More information

Bob Brown Math 251 Calculus 1 Chapter 5, Section 4 1 CCBC Dundalk

Bob Brown Math 251 Calculus 1 Chapter 5, Section 4 1 CCBC Dundalk Bo Brown Mth Clculus Chpter, Section CCBC Dundlk The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Informlly, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (FTC) sttes tht differentition nd definite integrtion re inverse opertions

More information

Polynomial Approximations for the Natural Logarithm and Arctangent Functions. Math 230

Polynomial Approximations for the Natural Logarithm and Arctangent Functions. Math 230 Polynomil Approimtions for the Nturl Logrithm nd Arctngent Functions Mth 23 You recll from first semester clculus how one cn use the derivtive to find n eqution for the tngent line to function t given

More information

Sections 5.2: The Definite Integral

Sections 5.2: The Definite Integral Sections 5.2: The Definite Integrl In this section we shll formlize the ides from the lst section to functions in generl. We strt with forml definition.. The Definite Integrl Definition.. Suppose f(x)

More information

5.7 Improper Integrals

5.7 Improper Integrals 458 pplictions of definite integrls 5.7 Improper Integrls In Section 5.4, we computed the work required to lift pylod of mss m from the surfce of moon of mss nd rdius R to height H bove the surfce of the

More information

Definition of Continuity: The function f(x) is continuous at x = a if f(a) exists and lim

Definition of Continuity: The function f(x) is continuous at x = a if f(a) exists and lim Mth 9 Course Summry/Study Guide Fll, 2005 [1] Limits Definition of Limit: We sy tht L is the limit of f(x) s x pproches if f(x) gets closer nd closer to L s x gets closer nd closer to. We write lim f(x)

More information

0.1 THE REAL NUMBER LINE AND ORDER

0.1 THE REAL NUMBER LINE AND ORDER 6000_000.qd //0 :6 AM Pge 0-0- CHAPTER 0 A Preclculus Review 0. THE REAL NUMBER LINE AND ORDER Represent, clssify, nd order rel numers. Use inequlities to represent sets of rel numers. Solve inequlities.

More information

5.1 How do we Measure Distance Traveled given Velocity? Student Notes

5.1 How do we Measure Distance Traveled given Velocity? Student Notes . How do we Mesure Distnce Trveled given Velocity? Student Notes EX ) The tle contins velocities of moving cr in ft/sec for time t in seconds: time (sec) 3 velocity (ft/sec) 3 A) Lel the x-xis & y-xis

More information

Math 116 Calculus II

Math 116 Calculus II Mth 6 Clculus II Contents 5 Exponentil nd Logrithmic functions 5. Review........................................... 5.. Exponentil functions............................... 5.. Logrithmic functions...............................

More information

Recitation 3: More Applications of the Derivative

Recitation 3: More Applications of the Derivative Mth 1c TA: Pdric Brtlett Recittion 3: More Applictions of the Derivtive Week 3 Cltech 2012 1 Rndom Question Question 1 A grph consists of the following: A set V of vertices. A set E of edges where ech

More information

(i) b b. (ii) (iii) (vi) b. P a g e Exponential Functions 1. Properties of Exponents: Ex1. Solve the following equation

(i) b b. (ii) (iii) (vi) b. P a g e Exponential Functions 1. Properties of Exponents: Ex1. Solve the following equation P g e 30 4.2 Eponentil Functions 1. Properties of Eponents: (i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 1 If 1, 0 1, nd 1, then E1. Solve the following eqution 4 3. 1 2 89 8(2 ) 7 Definition: The eponentil function with se

More information

MA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are.

MA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are. MA 124 Jnury 18, 2018 Prof PB s one-minute introduction to clculus Derivtives re. Integrls re. In Clculus 1, we lern limits, derivtives, some pplictions of derivtives, indefinite integrls, definite integrls,

More information

x dx does exist, what does the answer look like? What does the answer to

x dx does exist, what does the answer look like? What does the answer to Review Guie or MAT Finl Em Prt II. Mony Decemer th 8:.m. 9:5.m. (or the 8:3.m. clss) :.m. :5.m. (or the :3.m. clss) Prt is worth 5% o your Finl Em gre. NO CALCULATORS re llowe on this portion o the Finl

More information