Volcano Types This Enrichment4You E-guide provides a brief overview of the different types of volcanoes. In this e-guide you will:

Transcription

1 Volcano Types This Enrichment4You E-guide provides a brief overview of the different types of volcanoes. In this e-guide you will: *Learn Basic Facts About *Make a Reusable Erupting Volcano ENRICHMENT4YOU Published by Henrich Incorporated Copyright 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without first obtaining the written permission of the copyright owner.

2 INTRODUCTION This enrichment guide is designed to introduce you to the three main types of volcanoes and how to make a reusable volcano. In addition, three separate volcanic eruption formulas are provided. 1. Overview of Volcanos - Pages Experiment with 3 types of Eruption Formulas - Pages *PHOTOGRAPHS - We would like to thank the USGS for the numerous photographs provided in this e-guide.

3 Polymer Fact The Hawaiian islands were made by continuous eruptions of volcanoes. A Brief Overview occur all around the Earth, both on land and underneath the sea. They are even found on planets such as Mars. New islands are formed in the ocean as magma cools and hardens into land. They destroy, but they also create. Some of the most fertile farm land in the world are located near and on volcanoes. Maybe if I listen closely to the rocks Next time, I ll hear something, if not A word, perhaps the faint beginning of a syllable. - Phoebe Hanson Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children. - Ancient Indian Proverb 1

4 There are three main types of volcanoes: SHIELD VOLCANO - which feature gentle slopes with a convex cone. COMPOSITE OR STRATO VOLCANO - which feature lower slopes with a gentle incline and steep upper slopes and a small summit crater. SCORIA OR CINDER CONE VOLCANOS - which feature straight sides with steep slopes and a large summit crater. CINDER OR SCORIA CONES - which feature straight sides with steep slopes and a large summit crater. SHIELD VOLCANO which feature gentle slopes with a convex cone. COMPOSITE OR STRATO VOLCANO which feature lower slopes with a gentle incline and steep upper slopes and a small summit crater. 2

5 SHIELD VOLCANOES and geothermal activity are helpful in many ways. Countries such as New Zealand and Iceland use geothermal energy, sulfur is used in certain chemical compounds, volcanic ash makes fertile soil for farming, valuable metals and gemstones are generated by volcanic activity. Shield volcanoes feature gentle slopes that are caused by the eruption of liquid basalt lava. Basalt lava flows easily over the surface of the ground and easily forms lava tubes. The lava tubes allow the lava to flow many miles. Some of the largest volcanos in the world are shield volcanos. Hawaii has many shield volcanos. The lava tubes that reach the ocean help extend the growth of the islands as the volcanoes erupt. Earth teach me to forget myself as melted snow forgets its life. Earth teach me resignation as the leaves which die in the fall. Earth teach me courage as the tree which stands all alone. Earth teach me regeneration as the seed which rises in the spring. - William Alexander, A Father s Book,

6 Man-made STRATO Polymers VOLCANOES Strato volcanos or composite volcanoes are built over thousands of year from many different types of magma. They can have slow lava flows, pyroclastic eruptions and tephra flows. Most strato volcanoes have different vents that have their own cinder cones and domes. Nevado Ojos del Salado in Chile is the world s tallest strato volcano. It rises 6,887 meters above sea level. The Cascade mountain range in the United States has two active strato volcanoes - Mount St. Helens and Mount Shasta. Mount St. Helens is the youngest strato volcano and is currently the most active. Mount Shasta is the largest of all strato volcanos in the Cascades. 4