November 2016 November EM Bird regional sea ice thickness survey. Ground Truth McMurdo Sound
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1 Targeted observations of Antarctic sea ice: towards process-informed modeling EM Bird regional sea ice thickness survey November 2016 November 2017 Ground Truth McMurdo Sound Oceanography moorings North and South of Drygalski Slide thanks to Alison Kohout NIWA Wave ice buoys Deployed during US-funded PIPERS icebreaker voyage
2 Photo: Sarah Searson, NIWA CRIs Alison Kohout, Natalie Robinson, Mike Williams, Craig Stevens, Stefan Jendersie, Alena Malyarenko, Brett Grant, Craig Stewart, Lettie Roach, Sam Dean, Tim Haskell NZ Universities Pat Langhorne, Wolfgang Rack, Inga Smith, Greg Leonard, Fabien Montiel, Gemma Brett, Usama Farooq, Daniel Price, Gabby O Connor, Pat Wongpan, Andrew Pauling, Eamon Frazer, James Renwick, Vernon Squire, Christina Hulbe, Alena Malyarenko, Craig Stevens Overseas The team Christian Haas (Canada/Germany), Cecilia Bitz, Steve Ackley, Hongxie Xie, Luixi Tian (USA), Madi Rosevear (Australia), Korean colleagues
3 Over decadal time scales ESMs do not model sea ice area correctly. TOPIMASI focuses on the inner and outer margins of the Antarctic sea ice cover. Inner: ice shelves supply very cold water that increases growth rate near the continent. Very poor knowledge of sea ice thickness. Outer: the mechanical energy of ocean surface waves breaks-up the sea ice near the ice edge, increasing decay rate. Collaboration with NSF-funded Polynyas, Ice Production and its Seasonal Evolution in the Ross Sea (PIPERS) Incorporate observations into a sea ice module within an Earth System Model (ESM).
4 Photo: Sarah Searson, NIWA Sea ice observations in support of modeling: Wave-sea ice interaction & ice floe processes: collaboration with PIPERS in marginal ice zone. Effect of ice shelf meltwater (ISW) flux on sea ice & upper ocean: from on-ice and sub-grid scale measurements to regional scale (also Robinson: next talk; Rack: poster). Modeling motivated by observations (also Smith: Tues 11:30 session & Montiel: Wed 9:00 session).
5 Collaboration with US NSF-funded Polynyas, Ice Production and its Seasonal Evolution in the Ross Sea (PIPERS) 65 day cruise on Nathaniel B Palmer 8 April-12 June 2017
6 Wave-ice-ocean interaction PIPERS voyage to capture the space/time evolution of airice-ocean interactions initiated during autumn in the Ross Sea. Photo: Sarah Searson
7 14 NIWA wave buoys deployed in Ross Sea all returned data (up to 2 months) & possible measurement of large amplitude waves in sea ice Photo credit: Madison Smith From Alison Kohout & team, NIWA
8 Observational constraints on the sea ice floe distribution Lettie Roach and Sam Dean Lateral growth Lateral melt Wave fracture Floes freezing together Model in collaboration with Chris Horvat and Cecilia Bitz Observations in collaboration with Maddie Smith and Jim Thomson Images captured by buoy Constraint on floe welding model
9 Modeling floe size and wave-ice interaction Current model representation of sea ice melt and growth is simple What happens when we include information on sea ice floe size? Small floes expose more perimeter to the ocean -> melt more easily Modelling the sea ice floe size distribution means that wave-ice interactions can be simulated Fabien Montiel will talk about wave-ice interaction Wed 9:00 session Sea ice floes in the Ross Sea, June 2017 (Lettie Roach) L Roach, S Dean & J Renwick (in review, 2017) L Roach, S Dean, C Horvat & C Bitz (in prep, 2017)
10 Photo: Sarah Searson, NIWA Sea ice observations in support of modeling: Wave-sea ice interaction & ice floe processes: collaboration with PIPERS in marginal ice zone. Effect of ice shelf meltwater (ISW) flux on sea ice & upper ocean: from on-ice and sub-grid scale measurements to regional scale (also Robinson: next talk; Rack: poster). Modeling motivated by observations (also Smith: Tues 11:30 session & Montiel: Wed 9:00 session).
11 Sensitivity of sea ice to variations in ice shelf meltwater flux Terra Nova Bay polynya Drygalski Ice Tongue sea ice Terra Nova Bay polynya Drygalski Ice Tongue Terra Nova Bay polynya IOTD/view.php?id=8134
12 Influence of Ice Shelf Water on coastal sea ice Just beneath sea ice McMurdo Sound 27 Nov 2016 Photo: Madi Rosevear Sub-ice platelet layer: a mushy friable layer makes sea ice thicker contributes to the longevity of the sea ice forms a barrier between ice and ocean changes the drag at the ice-water interface (see next talk by Robinson)
13 Photo: Wolfgang Rack ISW affects sea ice thickness Electromagnetic induction: snow + sea ice thickness AND sub-ice platelet layer thickness Ross Island Apparent ice thickness reflects thickness of sub-ice platelet layer. G. Brett & C. Haas: McMurdo Sound, Nov 2016 McMurdo Ice Shelf
14 Pilot study: McMurdo Sound 2016 Measure regional thicknesses of sea ice and sub-ice platelet layer in collaboration with PIPERS. Test flight of 1943 DC3 with EM Bird, McMurdo Sound, Nov 2016
15 On-ice measurements Measurements from the air are validated against drill hole observations Snow profiles will be collected by drone (see poster by Rack) Snow thickness Ice and sub-ice platelet layer thickness
16 EM Bird apparent sea ice thickness Test flight in 2016 was the first EMBird flight from fixed wing aircraft in Antarctica. Inphase and quadrature EM measurements allow the thickness of the consolidated sea ice + snow, and the thickness of the sub-ice platelet layer to be derived.
17 Measuring sea ice thickness + sub-ice platelet layer from the air Flight lines of DC3 measuring apparent sea ice thickness line a line b snow plus consolidated sea ice base of consolidated sea ice sub-ice platelet layer
18 Modeling and satellite Moving up in scale: from on-ice to aircraft to satellite over same region => allows parameterisations to be developed and tested. ESM (eg Smith next session) and wave (eg Montiel Wed) modeling already underway. Nov 2017: Proposed Basler BT67 C-JKB flights with EM-Bird
19 Sensitivity of sea ice to variations in ice shelf meltwater flux Drygalski Ice Tongue Terra Nova Bay polynya Terra Nova Bay polynya sea ice
20 Cryo-impacts on coastal currents in the shelf to sea ice connection
21 Drygalski Hydrography Stevens et al 2017, in press Under-ice 13 in Feb 2012
22
23 Photo: Sarah Searson, NIWA Acknowledgments Deep South National Science Challenge, MBIE Antarctica New Zealand NZARI Marsden Fund NIWA& Universities of Otago, Canterbury International collaborators: NSF, KOPRI, AWI, PNRA
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