SOIL AS A MUSEUM EXHIBIT IN RUSSIA
|
|
- Amberly Montgomery
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SOIL AS A MUSEUM EXHIBIT IN RUSSIA Ivan P. Vtorov Russian soil first became a museum exhibit as part of mineral collections; then it came to be found in study collections. In the second half of the 19th century, soil research was supported by Russian scientific societies and local governments in European Russia. This helped to organize soil expositions, and soil began to be seen in natural history museums. Soil also became an important exhibit at Russian agricultural exhibitions and World Fairs. The opening of the first formally recognized Soil Museum became possible only after global recognition of the Soil Science. Soil studies were always important for many natural sciences. Geological methods became useful for soil research and played one of the most important role in the origin of modern Soil Science (Vtorov, 2014, Landa & Brevik, 2015). Soil samples became collectible objects in Russia the same way as minerals, rocks and fossils. Most of them comes to museums from expeditions organized by the Academy of Sciences and Arts in Saint Petersburg (est. 1724). Scholars sent soil samples from the distant parts of Russian empire to the first Russian Natural Science Museum Kunstkamera or Cabinet of Curiosities (est. 1714). Wide variety of clay, silt, colored earth, sand other soils examined with minerals by academician and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov ( ). He made first catalog of the Mineral Cabinet, described and classified earths, loams and soils as a collection (Lomonosov, 1745). His most important work with soil information is On the Strata of the Earth, recently translated (Lomonosov, 1763). He uses the term chernozem, which literally means black earth, thus introducing this Russian folk term into science. This broad meaning is important for the early history of study this fertile soil in compare to the modern understanding (Yarilov, 1912). Lomonosov recognized variation of soils in color, composition, even smell and taste. Some chemical analyses led him to divide soil into several categories. Academician Vladimir Vernadsky ( ) considered Lomonosov not only as the first Russian soil scientist, but the very first one (Vernadsky, 1901) (Fig. 1). Soil study became important for educational needs in mineralogy and agronomy. In 1763, Lomonosov opened first Class of Agriculture at the Academy of Sciences and Arts in Saint Petersburg. Then, the Department of Natural History and Agriculture of the Imperial Moscow University (est. 1755). Matvey Afonin ( ) the first Russian professor of natural history and agronomy, made it in He studied from Carl Linnaeus and Johan Wallerius agriculture and mining in Uppsala University ( ). Afonin made first Mineral Catalog of the Moscow University and include soil description (Shevyrev, 1855). According to Lomonosov ideas, he classified black soils in to 8 groups such as: soil, mud, mold, muck and other dirt. Afonin first in Russia proposed to organize special soil collections in museums. He wrote, I find it useful to offer that is not only different species called black earth, but also the other genera of the soil and the collection should be positioned as mineralogists made in the collection and arrangement in the Mineral Cabinet. That means to arrange them to the genera and species, and these should not only be stored with a note of their properties, the names and order of counties and villages, but most of the field from which such soil will be taken and in what way or manner in arable land it is used. (Afonin, 1771). 237
2 Academician Vasily Severgin ( ), continuator of the Lomonosov ideas in mineralogy, described and collected soil samples along with minerals during his expeditions to the western Russia ( ), and include it to the first Russian geological nomenclature (Severgin, 1807). He applied mineralogical methods to the soil study, and classify collections in mineralogical cabinets in the Academy of Sciences and in the Free Economic Society (Fig. 2). Russian scientific societies played an important role to support soil studies. In 1765, the year when Lomonosov passed away and Severgin born, large landowners established the first Russian natural society The Free Economic Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture and Husbandry. It worked under Imperial patronage until 1915, and made great help to soil and agronomy studies. Russian followers of the Pedology ideas of Friedrich Fallou ( ) accepted only geological side in soil study, until the Free Economic Society raised the most important question for agrarian country about Russian chernozem origin and real distribution. Since 1872, Vasily Dokuchaev ( ) worked as a curator of the Geological Cabinet in the Imperial Saint Petersburg University (est. 1821). In 1877, he presented large collection of Russian Chernozem soils at the Free Economic Society general meeting. The Society appointed him to study this soil type across European Russia (Dokoutchaief, 1879). Wide and long-term exploration led him to the discovery of soil as a special distinct natural body that has developed because of combine action of several soil formation factors (Dokuchaev, 1883). His report in the book Russian Chernozem made him the founder of the modern soil science, and was specially awarded by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Dokuchaev with his students collected varieties of soils and proposed to establish specific museum for them. In 1879, during the 6 th Congress of Russian Natural Scientists and Physicians in St. Petersburg, they made first attempt to create world s first Soil Museum. The idea accepted by the Congress, the proposal also signed by professors of geology Alexander Inostrancev ( ) and Alexander Karpinsky ( ). However, the offer declined by Russian Ministry of Agriculture and State Property (Dokuchaev, Inostrancev et al., 1880). Some independent County Councils or Zemstvo (est. 1864) and individual landowners supported Dokuchaev research in Nizhny Novgorod ( ), Poltava ( ) and other provinces, while he still was the University professor. In 1885, he opened Russia's first provincial Natural History Museum in Nizhny Novgorod city (Dokuchaev, 1885). Permanent exhibition included soil profiles collection and soil samples as a reference for the identification and taxation. Dokuchaev s most prominent student and soil scientist Nikolay Sibirtzev ( ) became first head of the museum. He published 119 pages geological and soil catalog (Sibirtzev, 1887). In 1891, new Natural History Museum in Poltava organized the same way (Fig. 3). Exhibitions was the alternative way to show soil collection and introduce soil science to the Russian public and officials. In 1887, Dokuchaev exhibited a Nizhny Novgorod soil collection at the Russian National Agricultural Exhibition 238
3 in Kharkov. Soils as an economical object also displayed at the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1895) and in Nizhny Novgorod (1896). Dokuchaev received First Diploma award for the Soil exposition in Nizhny Novgorod with caption: For his fruitful activity in the Russian soil study and for creation of a new direction in the field of soil science and a school students-followers. In 1889, Russian soil science first time demonstrate its current state of the art at the World s Fair Exposition Universelle in Paris. Vernadsky prepared this soil exhibition from Paris, and Dokuchaev personally visit it in June. During month trip, he also saw museums and scientists in Berlin, Zurich and Vienna. He introduced soil collection, demonstrated its first classification, zonal distribution, maps and papers. The most memorable was cubic monolith (about 9.71 cubic meters in volume) of real chernozem soil from Voronezh province, as Russian agricultural treasure. Exposition of the Russian soil department awarded the Gold medal, and Dokuchaev personally received the Order of Chevalier de mérite agricole as author of collection (Mond, 1890, Shpakov, 2008). In 1893, Russian soils set swam across the Atlantic and exhibited at the Chicago World's Fair Columbian Exposition. Seven monolith profiles of the major soil types arranged on a geographical basis. Exhibition include 139 soil and subsoil samples, 12 maps, tables, and 74 papers with special report and catalog printed in English (Dokuchaev, Sibirtzev, 1893). In 1900, during next Paris Exposition Universelle Russian soil scientists organized by, another Dokuchaev student, Pavel Otocky ( ) won Grand prix. For the first time Dokuchaev demonstrate vertical soil zones from the Caucasus, and was awarded. The 6 sheets Soil map of European Russia, with legend made from real soil samples, received the Gold medal. Soil was still part of geology on the 7 th Session of the International Geological Congress in St. Petersburg, Sibirtzev presented new soil classification, and exhibition of Dokuchaev works and soil collections at the University (Sibirtzev, 1899). Dokuchaev identified soil as an independent object of study with synthesis of geological, geographical, biological, chemical, physical, and agronomy data. Complex soil study should have special institution with laboratory and museum. In 1887, Dokuchaev made new attempt to create a Soil museum, now as part of Soil institute or a Soil Committee. He received support and approval from the newly established (1882) Geological Committee (Dokuchaev, 1887). They addressed a note to the Russian Ministry of State Property. It took 4 years of discussion with Scientific Committee of the Ministry. Soil science still considered by the government just as part of geology, so they declined proposal. In 1888, the Free Economic Society help Dokuchaev again and accept his project to establish the Soil Commission (Dokuchaev, 1889). He included small soil exposition to the program, and soon open an exhibition of Chernozem samples collected by Alexander Izmailsky ( ) from Poltava province, to demonstrate how its unique structure made by grass roots. The Free Economic Society designed new building, for its 125 th anniversary in Dokuchaev planned there several rooms for the Soil museum and laboratory. Unfortunately, the house never build (Fig. 4). 239
4 Dokuchaev also work hard as the Secretary ( ) of the Saint Petersburg Society of Naturalists (est. 1868). In , he was one of the organizers and leaders of the 8 th Congress of Russian Natural Scientists and Physicians a major scientific forum. He emphasized the necessity of creating a soil institute and museum. This effort also remain unsuccessful, despite the Society support and achievements made by Russian soil science school (Dokuchaev, 1890, 1891). Dokuchaev discover zonality of soil, include vertical one in mountains. So, he needed museum with enough space to show soil classification, features and distribution. Dokuchaev was ahead of his time and tried to use museums for increase public interest to the new science, which long time was not generally recognized. In 1904, a year after his death and in his memory, Otocky and other Dokuchaev followers opened 130 sq. m. world s first Soil museum in the old Free Economic Society building. Later, when the first International Congress of Soil Science (Washington DC, 1927) approved a new science, Academy of Sciences of the USSR created the Soil Institute named after Dokuchaev with 1000 sq. m. museum. During Dokuchaev centennial anniversary (1946), the Museum renamed to the Dokuchaev Central Museum of Soil Science. We followed 182 years way of the soil from curious thing, through educational collection to the profile monolith exhibit. As exhibit it helps converted soil science to a discipline with own field of study. Since then, universities, academic and agronomy institutions manage soil museums. Among them, two in Moscow: Vasily Williams Museum of Soil and Agronomy in Russian State Agricultural University (est. 1934) and The Earth Science Museum (opened in 1955) in the central building of the modern high-rise building of Moscow State University (24-28 and floors). Old and classic soil profiles demonstrate history of soil science and rightful place for the soil as a museum exhibit. References AFONIN, M.I The words about the benefits of knowing the location and collecting black earth, especially in arable farming: Speech read in a state meeting of the Moscow University on April 22, Consolidated catalogue of Russian books of the XVIII century T. 1. Moscow. Lenin State Library of the USSR. 1962: 68. [In Russian] DOKOUTCHAIEF, B Tchernozème (terre noire) de la Russie d'europe: 66. St. Petersburg. Soc. imp. Libreéconom. DOKUCHAEV, V.V Russian Chernozem. Report to the Free Economic Society: [4], IV, IV, 376. St. Petersburg. Dekleron and Evdokimov. [In Russian; Translated in 1967 by N. Kaner: Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd. (for USDA-NSF), S. Monson. Jerusalem.] DOKUCHAEV, V.V The plan of the provincial Zemsky Natural History Museum. In: Proc. St. Petersburg Natural history Society. 16 (2): [In Russian] DOKUCHAEV, V.V The question of the establishment Soil Committee in St. Petersburg. In: Reports Geol. Com. 6: DOKUCHAEV, V.V The project objectives and program of activities of the permanent Soil Commission established in the Free Economic Society, and magazines next 6 meetings of the Commission (29 Apr March 1889). In: Proc. Free Economic Society. 3 (3): [In Russian] DOKUCHAEV, V.V The main recent time results of soil studies in Russia. In: 8 th Congress of Russian Natural Scientists and Physicians. 9: St. Petersburg. Congress. [In Russian] DOKUCHAEV, V.V The explanatory note to the Soil Committee project: 40. St. Petersburg. Kirschbaum. [In Russian] DOKUCHAEV, V.V. Inostrancev A.A. et al The proposal to open Soil Museum in St. Petersburg. In: Speeches and protocols and Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors: 90 92; Pt 1. St. Petersburg. Imp. Academy of Sciences. [In Russian] DOKUCHAEV, V.V. SIBIRTZEV, N.M Short scientific review of professor Dockuchaev s and his pupil s collection of soils, exposed in Chicago in the year 1893:40. St. Petersburg. Evdokimov. [In Russian] LANDA, E.R. BREVIK, E.C Soil science and its interface with the history of geology community. Earth sciences history. 34(2):
5 LOMONOSOV, M.V Catalogus minerarum. Museiimperialis Petropolitani. Vol. 1. Pars tertia, qua continentur res naturals ex regnominerali. Petropoli. S.n. [In Latin]; Ibid M.V. Lomonosov Complete Works.5:7 69. Moscow; Leningrad. USSR Acad. Sci. [In Latinand Russian] LOMONOSOV, M.V On the strata of the Earth: a translation of O sloiakh zemnykh : 41. Boulder: Geological Soc. of America. (GSA Special paper; 485) [Translation from Russian to English ]; Vtorov, I.P [Review to English translation]. The History of Earth Sciences Society. 33 (2): MONOD, E La Section Russie. In: Exposition universelle de 1889: (Paris, France). 3: Paris. Dentu. SEVERGIN, V.M Detailed mineralogical Dictionary, containing the details of all the exposition of mineralogy common words and names, and all science perpetrated this latest discovery. In 2 vol.:1: 668; 2: 532. St. Petersburg. Imp. Academy of Sciences. [In Russian] SHEVYREV, S.P History of the Imperial Moscow University, written for his centennial anniversary, : 600. Moscow. Moscow University. [In Russian] SHPAKOV, V.N The exhibition on the centenary of the French Revolution, Paris, In: History of the World Exhibition: Moscow: AST Zebra. [In Russian] SIBIRTZEV, N.M Catalog of the Natural History Museum of Nizhny Novgorod province with comments: Geology and soil: 119. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Agricultural Museum. [In Russian] SIBIRTZEV, N.M Étude des sols de la Russie. Compte rendu: Congrès géologique international, 7-me session, Russie, 1897: St. Pétersbourg: M. Stassuléwitsch. VERNADSKY, V.I The significance of the works of M.V. Lomonosov in mineralogy and geology: [2] 34. Moscow: Mamontov. [In Russian] VTOROV, I.P The role of geology in the development of soil science: from Lomonosov to Dokuchaev. In: 39 th INHIGEO Symposium: 6. Asilomar, GSA. YARILOV, A.A Lomonosov s Chernozem. In: Experienced Agronomist Magazine. 13: [In Russian]. PÔDA AKO MUZEÁLNY EXPONÁT V RUSKU Abstrakt Ruská pôda sa prvýkrát stala muzeálnym exponátom ako súčasť mineralogických zbierok a neskôr sa tiež objavila aj v študijných zbierkach. V druhej polovici 19. storočia bol výskum pôd podporovaný ruskými vedeckými spoločnosťami a miestnymi samosprávami v európskej časti Ruska. Toto pomohlo zorganizovať výstavy pôd a pôda sa začala objavovať v prírodovedných múzeách. Pôda sa tiež stala dôležitým exponátom na ruských poľnohospodárskych výstavách a svetových veľtrhoch. Otvoriť prvé formálne uznané Múzeum pôdy bolo možné až potom ako sa veda o pôde stala všeobecne uznanou vedeckou disciplínou. Author Vtorov Ivan P., Dr. Department for the History of Geology Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences7, Pyzhevsky lane Moscow Russia/Ruská federácia vip@ginras.ru. Figures/Obrázky Fig. 1: Academician Mikhail Lomonosov. Lifetime engraving by C. Wortmann & E. Fessard, Obr. 1: Akademik Michail Lomonosov. Rytina, ktorá bola celoživotnou prácou autorov C. Wortmann a E. Fessard, Fig. 2: Academician Vasily Severgin. Unknown engraving, mid. 19 th century. Obr. 2: Akademik Vasilij Severgin. Rytina od neznámeho autora, polovica 19. stor. Fig. 3. Professor Vasily Dokuchaev. St. Petersburg. Photo, Obr. 3: Profesor Vasilij Dokučajev. Petrohrad. Fotografia z roku Fig. 4. Soil profile monoliths. The Earth Science Museum, Moscow State University, Obr. 4: Monolity pôdnych profilov. Múzeum vied o Zemi, Moskovská štátna univerzita,
On November 22, 1890, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was confirmed in
VLADIMIR I. VERNADSKY AND MINERALOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE EMPEROR S MOSCOW UNIVERSITY Victoria V. Chernenko, Irina P. Andreeva, Nina N. Samsonova, Vernadsky State Geological Museum RAS, victoria@sgm.ru
More informationMajor Activities within the Scope of the International Year of Chemistry in Russia in 2011
Major Activities within the Scope of the International Year of Chemistry in Russia in 2011 Section 1. Institutional activities Section 2. Scientific and scientific-practical activities Section 3. Educational
More informationLicensed Science Officer Benchmark
POSITION EVALUATION RATIONALE POSITION TITLE Senior Project Geologist MINISTRY AND DIVISION Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources: Geological Division BRANCH AND SECTION Mineral Resources UNIT OR PROGRAM
More informationLived Alfred Wegener was born on November 1, 1880, in Germany s capital city, Berlin.
Alfred Wegener Lived 1880 1930. Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift the idea that Earth s continents move. Despite publishing a large body of compelling fossil and rock evidence for
More informationImportant fossil finds have lesserknown role in Darwin's theory of evolution
Important fossil finds have lesserknown role in Darwin's theory of evolution By The Guardian, adapted by Newsela staff on 05.30.18 Word Count 907 Level 1210L A visitor to the traveling Darwin exhibit passes
More informationZ.A. Bessudnova. Contents. Introduction
The collection of Meteorites in the Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science (19th-20th centuries - the history of its origin and study) Z.A. Bessudnova Bessudnova, Z.A. The
More informationCHAPTER 2--THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
CHAPTER 2--THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Student: 1. In Europe during the Middle Ages, it was believed that. A. all species had evolved from a common ancestor B. evolution was the result of natural
More informationMongolian Geological Survey present
1 Officially Mongolian Geological Survey established 76 years ago in 1939 and since that time Mongolian and foreign geologists continuously studied geology and mineral resources of the country. The history
More informationCharles Guillaume. The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Charles Edouard Guillaume in 1920 "in
Andrius Vilkialis Mr. Kyle Smith Period C67 28 October 2014 Charles Guillaume The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Charles Edouard Guillaume in 1920 "in recognition of the service he has rendered
More informationMINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES
crirsco COMMITTEE FOR MINERAL RESERVES CHILE ICMM Edmundo Tulcanaza VP Chilean Commission for the Qualification of Competencies in Mineral Resources & Reserves 1307 AGENDA COMMITTEE FOR MINERAL RESERVES
More informationHOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES,
HOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES, WITH SOME REQUIREMENTS 15 March 2016 About this Document This document provides the information needed by those who wish to
More informationGeology Rocks, Minerals, and the Earth
Rocks, Minerals, and the Earth Expanding Science Skills Series By LaVerne Logan Consultants: Schyrlet Cameron and Carolyn Craig COPYRIGHT 2010 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-959-5 Printing No.
More informationDiscover The Life Of An Inventor. Albert Einstein
Discover The Life Of An Inventor Albert Einstein ALBERT EINSTEIN DISCOVER THE LIFE OF AN INVENTOR Don McLeese Rourke Publishing LLC Vero Beach, Florida 32964 2006 Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved.
More informationMajor Contributors to Modern Evolutionary Theory. even this theory evolved from something!
Major Contributors to Modern Evolutionary Theory even this theory evolved from something! Throughout history there have been many contributions to theories involving the origin and evolution of species
More informationDead Things in Rocks 2/17/11. Dr. Ben Waggoner BIOL 1400
2/17/11 Dead Things in Rocks Dr. Ben Waggoner BIOL 1400 No less a personage than the artist Leonardo da Vinci speculated that these fossils must be the remains of once-living things from ancient seas.
More informationGrade 4 Benchmarks. Benchmark Concepts Skills Essential Question(s)
**Be aware of the use of and & or in the benchmark language related to Canada and Mexico; sometimes students may look at the US and one of our neighboring countries and other times students need to study
More informationGREAT BRITAIN: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO 1851 Student Worksheet
GREAT BRITAIN: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO 1851 Student Worksheet Theme of Map This thematic map captures the industrial development of Britain at a time when it had transformed the British economy and society.
More informationAssessment: Unlocking the Secrets of Mohenjodaro
Name Date Assessment: Unlocking the Secrets of Mohenjodaro Mastering the Content Select the letter next to the best answer. 1. In which of these years was Mohenjodaro an active settlement? A. 8000 B.C.E.,
More informationInternational Mining and Geological Forum
International Mining and Geological Forum Magadan, Russian Federation, September 10-12, 2008 First Circular Premier Sponsor: International Mining and Geological Forum GOLD OF THE NORTH PACIFIC RIM Magadan,
More informationScientist s who shaped our understa nding of the world
Scientist s who shaped our understa nding of the world Scientists who shaped our understanding of the earth 18 th and 19 th Century John Playfair (1748-1819) Scottish scientist best known for
More informationThe geological foundation of the Turner Valley Oil and Gas Field provided by Dr. John Allan
The geological foundation of the Turner Valley Oil and Gas Field provided by Dr. John Allan Willem Langenberg, University of Alberta Summary The appointment of John Allan as the first Professor of Geology
More informationSCIENCE IN THE NEWS Plate Tectonics
SCIENCE IN THE NEWS Plate Tectonics From VOA Learning English, this is Science in the News. I m Anna Matteo. And I m Christopher Cruise. Scientists who study the Earth tell us the continents and ocean
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 23 May 2012 Original: English E/CONF.101/100 Tenth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names New York, 31 July 9
More informationLicensed Science Officer Benchmark
POSITION EVALUATION RATIONALE POSITION TITLE MINISTRY AND DIVISION Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources: Geology Division BRANCH AND SECTION Mineral Resources Branch, Applied Geology Section UNIT OR PROGRAM
More informationDaniel Bernoulli and the making of the fluid equation. January 1997 Features Daniel Bernoulli and the making of the fluid
about Plus support Plus subscribe to Plus terms of use search plus with google home latest issue explore the archive careers library news 1997 2004, Millennium Mathematics Project, University of Cambridge.
More informationDetermining the age of fossils
Sea shells seem to be everywhere. Most of the time you will find them on beaches, but every now and then, you may find them far from the sea. For example, you may have found a shell stuck in a rock high
More informationWhat happened Before. reflect
reflect Sea shells seem to be everywhere. Most of the time, you will find them on beaches. But every now and then, you might find them far from the sea. For example, you might find a shell stuck in a rock
More informationResources for Treasure Hunt In Earth s Attic Try This!
Try This! Work in groups or as a family to determine the order of events that in the history of the Earth and Moon. More information and graphics are available at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timeline/introduction.shtml
More informationIssue of the Name of the Sea of Japan. Overview of study of maps possessed by the Bibliotheque Nationale de France
Issue of the Name of the Sea of Japan Overview of study of maps possessed by the Bibliotheque Nationale de France (March 2004) From October 2003 to January 2004, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
More informationunder the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF GLOBAL STUDIES under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 23 25 October 2013 3-rd International Scientific
More informationThe life and work of Marie Curie
Reading Practice The life and work of Marie Curie Marie Curie is probably the most famous woman scientist who has ever lived. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland in 1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity,
More informationInformation Center. of the Association of European Border Regions created on basis of Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Information Center of the Association of European Border Regions created on basis of Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics KhNUE Information Center November 2013 Volume 1, No. 1 History
More informationColorado Agriculture Bibliography 2005 A Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Material Published
Colorado Agriculture Bibliography 2005 A Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Material Published 1820-1945 Subject Areas: Mining and Geology Type of Materials: Serials Produced by the Colorado State University
More informationGold and Silver Deposits in Colorado Symposium 2017 Page 2
Page 2 The Friends of the Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum, the Denver Region Exploration Geologists Society (DREGS), and the Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum, invite paper submissions for
More informationEngineering Geology at University Complutense of Madrid: 30 years of postgraduate courses
FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on EDUCATION and TRAINING in GEO-ENGINEERING ENGINEERING SCIENCES Constantza, Romania - June 2008 Engineering Geology at University Complutense of Madrid: 30 years of postgraduate
More informationThird European SCGIS (Society for Conservation GIS) conference "Geoinformation technologies to protect the natural and cultural heritage"
Third European SCGIS (Society for Conservation GIS) conference "Geoinformation technologies to protect the natural and cultural heritage" On 11 and 12 October 2016 was held the Third European SCGIS (Society
More informationPractice Test CH
Name Date Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer. Practice Test CH14 2015 1. Harappan civilization, which included ancient Mohenjodaro, developed in the A. Western Ghats. B. Deccan
More informationgiven of the history of the development of palynology Martinet, through interest, begun in the 1920 s with the appearance of a thesis by
Palynology and The Netherlands F.P. Jonker President, Second International Conference on Palynology, Utrecht, 1966 Botanical Museum and Herbarium, State University, Utrecht (The Netherlands) (Received
More informationFrom VOA Learning English, this is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in Special English. I m Kelly Jean Kelly.
From VOA Learning English, this is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in Special English. I m Kelly Jean Kelly. And I m Christopher Cruise. Scientists who study the Earth tell us the continents and ocean floors are
More informationBiologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.
Section 1: Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are
More informationFrom VOA Learning English, this is Science in the News. I m June Simms.
From VOA Learning English, this is Science in the News. I m June Simms. And I m Jim Tedder. Today on the program, we tell about developments in space exploration. We tell about an American decision to
More informationPost Test Trimester 1 US & Canada 6th Grade-Study Guide
Post Test Trimester 1 US & Canada 6th Grade-Study Guide Matching Fill in the blank by writing the letter of the correct term below. a. dominion f. indigenous b. Industrial Revolution g. interdependent
More informationREPUBLIC of MONGOLIA
1 REPUBLIC of MONGOLIA Capital Ulaanbaatar. R U S S I A C H I N A Area 1 566 000 km2 (18) Population 3.0 mln (137) Density 1.9 pers/km2, lowest in world GDP 11 bln.usd Industry Mining Cu, Au, Mo, Pb, Zn,
More informationMoscow State University, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics (Advisor:
Alexey A. Naumov Ibragimova str., 5 bld. 1, apt. 37, Moscow, 105318, Russian Federation Phone: +7 925 287 92 97 Email: anaumov@cs.msu.su Personal Born on August 22, 1988. Russian Federation Citizen. Education
More informationWho s Who of the Periodic Table Notes. John Newlands. Reproduced courtesy of the Library and Information Centre, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Who s Who of the Periodic Table Notes John Newlands John Newlands. Reproduced courtesy of the Library and Information Centre, Royal Society of Chemistry. John Newlands was British; his father was a Scottish
More informationHow does Mount Etna help to tell the time? Introduction for Teachers
How does Mount Etna help to tell the time? Introduction for Teachers It is very difficult for pupils to grasp the extent of geological time and the rate at which some landforms and landscapes take to form.
More informationVENUS INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
VENUS INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF E&C ENGINEERING A REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT BISAG, GANDHINAGAR PROFILE: BISAG provides specialized services and solutions in implementing mapbased
More information3 rd Grade Social Studies
3 rd Grade Social Studies UNITED STATES HISTORY Year 1: American Indian Cultures through Colonization In third grade, students begin a three-year study of United States history in which all four strands
More informationDana Wright, Director of Academic Program Development
Academic Program Development 2614 University Hall (MC 103) 601 South Morgan Street Chicago, Illinois 60607-7126 March 31, 2015 TO: FROM: Ilene Harris, Chair Senate Committee on Educational Policy Dana
More informationIsaac Newton Benjamin Franklin Michael Faraday
Isaac Newton (4 January 1643 31 March 1727) was born and raised in England. He was a greater thinker and made many discoveries in physics, mathematics, and astronomy. Newton was the first to describe the
More informationPlate Tectonics I: Discovery. Paradigms and Scien.fic Revolu.ons Wegener and Con.nental Dri9 Sea Floor Spreading Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics I: Discovery Paradigms and Scien.fic Revolu.ons Wegener and Con.nental Dri9 Sea Floor Spreading Plate Tectonics Thomas Kuhn. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of
More informationScience in the News - Plate Tectonics 1. Story
Science in the News - Plate Tectonics 1. Story Scientists who study the Earth tell us the continents and ocean floors are always moving. This movement sometimes can be violent, causing death and destruction.
More informationSmyth County Schools Curriculum Map. 1st 6 Weeks 2nd 6 Weeks 3rd 6 Weeks 3.5 a, b, & e, , 3.10 a,b, &c, 3.11, , 3.2, 3.4, 3.
Standards Grade: 3rd Subject: 1st 6 Weeks 2nd 6 Weeks 3rd 6 Weeks 3.5 a, b, & e, 3.6 3.6, 3.10 a,b, &c, 3.11, 312 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6 all Content STANDARD 3.5 The student will develop map skills by a) positioning
More informationHistory EC LE UE MS. Knows the names and order of the Seasons of the Year and science behind it
History EC LE UE MS Time and Timelines : awareness of how the universe and life came to be and his/her place on the continuum. The child discovers interests, makes connections and draws inferences about
More informationNebraska Core Academic Content Standards Science Grade: 2 - Adopted: 2010
Main Criteria: Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards Secondary Criteria: Subjects: Science, Social Studies Grade: 2 Correlation Options: Show Correlated Nebraska Core Academic Content Standards Science
More informationProfessor, Director, Academician Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, Nesterov str.3, Kiev, 03680, Ukraine
Professor A. N. Guz Professor, Director, Academician Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, Nesterov str.3, Kiev, 03680, Ukraine e-mail: guz@carrier.kiev.ua Short Biography: A.N.Guz was born January 29, 1939
More informationScience 2015 Earth Science. Curriculum Guide
Adult Basic Education Level II Science Science 2015 Earth Science Curriculum Guide Suggested Resources: Discovering Science 7 Level II Science Courses Science 2011 Life Science Science 2012 Physical Science
More informationDOI: / /21/12
. 2016. 1(21) 7.07-05 DOI: 10.17223/22220836/21/12.. : 1854..,,,.,.., -,.., -.. :.,,, -. (1824 1896),, -,,,,. - 1885. 1897. -. - [1. C. 5].. :.,.,.,. -,.,.,. [2 10]. - [11.. 206].., -,, -. -. -,. -,, 1881..»,.
More informationPERMANENT RESEARCH POSITION CHARGE DE RECHERCHE OPEN (M/F) in Geostatistics
PERMANENT RESEARCH POSITION CHARGE DE RECHERCHE OPEN (M/F) in Geostatistics Institution : MINES ParisTech (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris) Research Center : Centre de Géosciences In the
More informationThe Classification of Organisms
Biology Chapter 8 The Classification of Organisms 8A - The Necessity of Classifying People group things together for convenience. (spices, pans, tools, instruments in orchestra) Taxonomy (or systematics)
More informationBruce County s BIG Picture
Bruce County s BIG Picture Overview Students will learn the importance of this planet we call Earth. Through different topics such as plate tectonics, glacial periods, climate change and endangered species,
More informationI. Abashidze str., N50, Tbilisi, Georgia Telephone: ( )
C U R R I C U LU M V I T A E Personal details Name, surname: Robert Maghlakelidze Birth date: 28 December, 1952 Nationality: Georgian Address: I. Abashidze str., N50, Tbilisi, Georgia Telephone: (+995
More informationObjectives. Classification. Activity. Scientists classify millions of species
Objectives Classification Notes 8.1 Summarize classification Describe the evidence used to classify organisms. List the seven levels of classification. Describe and list the six kingdoms of living organisms
More informationLab 2 Geological Time and Fossil Samples
Geol G308 Paleontology and Geology of Indiana Name: Lab 2 Geological Time and Fossil Samples This lab has two components: understanding geological time scales and choosing fossil samples from the IU Paleontology
More informationJournal of Astrobiology and Outreach Dr. Mikhail Igorevich Panasyuk Editorial Board member
Journal of Astrobiology and Outreach Dr. Mikhail Igorevich Panasyuk Editorial Board member Director Department of Physics Moscow State University Russia Biography Dr. Mikhail Igorevich Panasyuk Mikhail
More informationCarolus Linnaeus System for Classifying Organisms. Unit 3 Lesson 2
Carolus Linnaeus System for Classifying Organisms Unit 3 Lesson 2 Students will be able to: Conclude some of the classification benefits and importance. Define what is meant by species. Describe the binomial
More informationHistory of Geography. Origins of Geography. Natural Curiosity. Origins of Geography. Clay Tablets, Babylonia 8/29/2016 CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY
History of Geography Prof. Anthony Grande Hunter College Geography Lecture design, content and presentation AFG 0616. Individual images and illustrations may be subject to prior copyright. Origins of Geography
More informationSocial Studies Curriculum Sixth Grade
Social Studies Curriculum Sixth Grade A. History Students will examine the key historic movements, events, and figures that contributed to the development of modern Europe and American nations from early
More informationa national geological survey perspective François ROBIDA BRGM (French Geological Survey)
a national geological survey perspective François ROBIDA BRGM (French Geological Survey) Pre-Conference Seminar on Socio-Economic Value of Geospatial for National and Regional Development 21 August 2017,
More informationPaper read at History of Science Society 2014 Annual Meeting, Chicago, Nov. 9,
Euler s Mechanics as Opposition to Leibnizian Dynamics 1 Nobumichi ARIGA 2 1. Introduction Leonhard Euler, the notable mathematician in the eighteenth century, is also famous for his contributions to mechanics.
More information18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 2 of 26
18-1 Finding Order in Diversity 2 of 26 Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms. Biologists have identified and named about 1.5 million species so far. They
More informationThe Evolution of Evolutionary Thought
The Evolution of Evolutionary Thought Evolution simply means change over time So, what has evolved? With new information and discoveries, our thoughts on how living things have evolved have evolved as
More informationHistory and Mission of the Foundation:
2 0 1 8 I T O F O U N D A T I O N F O R I N T E R N A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N E X C H A N G E This guideline is only distributed to the affiliated universities whose students are eligible to apply
More informationPublished Mineral Classification of Soils
Published 1985 Mineral Classification of Soils Mineral Classification of Soils Editor J. A. Kittrick Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Divisions S-5 and S-9 of the Soil Science Society of America
More informationHANDBOOK OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
http://agrobiol.sggw.waw.pl/cbcs Communications in Biometry and Crop Science Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007, pp. 90 94 International Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,
More informationThird Grade United States History
Third Grade United States History Year 1: American Indian Cultures through Colonization In third grade, students begin a three-year study of United States history in which all four strands (history, geography,
More informationEvolution Evidence of Change
6 Evolution Evidence of Change lesson 3 Evolution and Plate Tectonics Grade Seven Science Content Standard. 4.f. Students know how movements of Earth's continental and oceanic plates through time, with
More informationFascinating Fossils Grades 4-8
Fascinating Fossils Grades 4-8 This activity introduces students to a variety of fossils: large animal bones, small fragment pieces, and microfossils. Students will analyze fossils like that of a field
More information3 rd Grade Math 3 rd Grade Science
3 rd Grade Math 3 rd Grade Science 3 rd Grade Science Teaching & Learning Framework Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 8 weeks 5 Weeks 5 weeks 7 weeks 5 weeks
More informationSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION VOCABULARY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Revolution a sweeping change Geocentric earth-centered universe Astronomer scientist who studies the motion of stars and planets Heliocentric sun-centered
More informationHistory of the Periodic Table
1 History of the Periodic Table A Starting Point The first scientific discovery of an element occurred in 1649 when Hennig Brand discovered phosphorous. By 1869, a total of 63 elements had been discovered.
More informationGEOL 314 Engineering Geology
GEOL 314 Engineering Geology Dr. Robert Mitchell ES234 Winter 2013 650-3591 robert.mitchell@wwu.edu http://kula.geol.wwu.edu/rjmitch/ Office Hours: MWF 2-3:00 pm or by arrangement Text: Geotechnical Engineering
More informationCurriculum Vitae V.I. Yukalov
Curriculum Vitae V.I. Yukalov Personal Data Family Name: Yukalov Birth Date: February 12, 1946 First Name: Vyacheslav Birth Place: Moscow, Russia Marital Status: Married Active Languages: English, French,
More informationDevelopment of the Portal of Cultural Heritage Objects the Kingdom of Poland
Evgeny KOVALEV, Natalia KOVALEVA Sholokhov Moscow State University for the Humanities, Russia Hadi SALEH Vladimir State University Named After Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Russia Development of the
More informationTITLE OF LESSON PLAN: Rocks
TITLE OF LESSON PLAN: Rocks LENGTH OF LESSON: One class period GRADE LEVEL: 6-8 SUBJECT AREA: Earth Science CREDIT: Betsy Hedberg, former middle school teacher and current freelance curriculum writer and
More informationBiology 272: Local Flora
Page 1 of 8 Biology 272: Local Flora Instructor: Alan Weakley INVITATION STRATEGIES REQUIREMENTS DETAILS CALENDAR AN INVITATION TO THE COURSE Local Flora (Biology 272, Ecology 891) teaches students about
More informationPikes Lane Primary School. Geography Statement of Practice
Pikes Lane Primary School Geography Statement of Practice Subject Leader: Mrs Cawley Subject Link Governor: Mr Scholar & Mrs Azad Last Updated: September 2016 Review Date: September 2017 Aims and objectives
More informationALBERTON GORGE WATER RIPPLE ROCKS
These water ripple rocks were not laid down during the ice age by Lake Missoula. The rock strata that they are found in is vertical & not horizontal. Fossilized water ripples are formed on flat horizontal
More informationENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Advanced Placement ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Geologic Processes & Soil Student 2014 Geologic Processes and Soil Geologic Processes The age of Earth is best measured by the geologic time scale. The idea that
More informationMinnesota K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies. Grade 4: Geography of North America
Minnesota K-12 Academic s in Social Studies Grade 4: Geography of North America 4 Describe how people take 1. Democratic government action to influence a depends on informed and decision on a specific
More informationQuestion #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?
Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the
More informationThe life and work of Marie Curie
The life and work of Marie Curie Marie Curie is probably the most famous woman scientist who has ever lived. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland in 1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity, and was
More informationBOY SCOUTS GEOLOGY MERIT BADGE
Requirements highlighted in yellow will be covered at the club show. Merit Badge Counselors will be on-hand. Please bring your own paperwork. Children under 12 and scouts in uniform are admitted to the
More informationGeology Merit Badge Workbook
Merit Badge Workbook This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet. This Workbook can help you organize your thoughts as you prepare to meet with your merit badge counselor.
More informationMoscow, June 4-5, Program. June 4, Monday / Library, Physics Dept., 5th floor. Alexei Khokhlov, Jean- François Joanny
ESPCI PARIS Lomonosov Moscow State University Russian- French Workshop "Recent Developments in Soft Matter" Moscow, June 4-5, 2018 Program June 4, 2018 - Monday / Library, Physics Dept., 5th floor 9h10-9h30
More informationFinding aid for the Grand Rapids Mineral Society records Collection 381
Finding aid for the Grand Rapids Mineral Society records Collection 381 Finding aid prepared by Jennifer Morrison This finding aid was produced using the Archivists' Toolkit May 19, 2013 Describing Archives:
More information2018/1 The integration of statistical and geospatial information. The Regional Committee of UN-GGIM: Americas:
The following are the conclusions and recommendations of the Regional Committee of the United Nations on Global Geospatial Information Management for the Americas, during its Fifth Session, Thursday 8
More informationMAPS MAPS MAPS.
www.atozmapsonline.com MODERN MAPS MAPS MAPS MAPS AtoZ Maps Online TM is the world s most comprehensive collection of royalty-free downloadable maps for schools, academic institutions, and public libraries.
More informationINFS 321 Information Sources
INFS 321 Information Sources Session 7 Geographical Sources Lecturer: Prof. Perpetua S. Dadzie, DIS Contact Information: pdadzie@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education
More informationThe Moving Story of Plate Tectonics
08 January 2012 MP3 at voaspecialenglish.com The Moving Story of Plate Tectonics AP Smoke and ash from Italy's Mount Etna volcano last week FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.
More information