Lived Alfred Wegener was born on November 1, 1880, in Germany s capital city, Berlin.

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1 Alfred Wegener Lived Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift the idea that Earth s continents move. Despite publishing a large body of compelling fossil and rock evidence for his theory between 1912 and 1929, it was rejected by most other scientists. It was only in the 1960s that continental drift finally became part of mainstream science. Alfred Wegener: Beginnings Alfred Wegener was born on November 1, 1880, in Germany s capital city, Berlin. His father, Richard Wegener, was a classical languages teacher and pastor. His mother, Anna Wegener, was a housewife. The Wegener family of two adults and five children Alfred was the youngest was quite well-off financially. Alfred was an intelligent boy. He received a conventional education, attending grammar school in Berlin. His academic ability at school marked him clearly for a university education. He began university in Berlin in 1899, aged 18, taking a variety of science classes, before specializing in astronomy, meteorology and physics.

2 In 1902 he began working towards a Ph.D. degree in astronomy, spending a year at Berlin s famous Urania Observatory, whose purpose was, and still is, to bring astronomy to a wider public. Alfred Wegener completed his astronomy Ph.D. in 1905, at the age of 24. Although he was now intellectually prepared to be a professional astronomer, he decided to abandon astronomy. He felt he might not discover anything new or interesting in astronomy. He believed he could make a greater contribution in meteorology studying weather and climate. Advertisements Alfred Wegener s Scientific Career A first job and a world record After completing his doctoral degree, Wegener started work in 1905 as a scientist at a meteorological station near the small German town of Beeskow. There, working with his older brother Kurt, he carried out pioneering work with weather balloons studying air movements. If there had been a Guinness Book of World Records in 1906, the Wegener brothers would won a place for the longest continuous balloon flight ever: 52.5 hours in April of that year. Greenland Wegener was delighted to be appointed as the official meteorologist for the Danmark scientific expedition to the world s largest island Greenland, which took place from 1906 to The expedition s principle aim was to chart the coastline of Greenland s unexplored northeast coast. During the expedition, Wegener made his mark by building Greenland s first meteorological station and taking a large number of atmospheric readings using kites and balloons. The expedition s work in uncharted territory was dangerous three expedition members died of starvation/exposure! University Lecturer Back in Germany, in 1908, Wegener became an associate professor in meteorology at the University of Marburg. There he quickly gained a reputation for giving lectures that made difficult topics easy for his students to understand. In 1910 he brought together the meteorological data he had gathered in Greenland with his talent for explaining tough concepts simply and published his first book: Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere. He also had the first inkling of the idea that would bring him both anguish and long-lasting fame: continental drift.

3 Continental Drift Wegener looks at a map and sits up Looking at a world map in 1910, Wegener noticed how the coastlines of eastern South America and western Africa seemed to fit together, rather like jigsaw pieces. The South American and African continents seem to fit quite well together. Publishing fossil and geological evidence After further research, he learned in 1911 that fossils of the same species could be found in Brazil and western Africa evidence which seemed to indicate that South America and Africa had once been linked. He researched geological data and found evidence of similar rock formations on the two continents. In 1912, aged 32, Wegener gave talks at German universities and published two papers proposing that Earth s continents moved.

4 A second expedition to Greenland followed by the outbreak of World War 1 (he was conscripted into the German Army) prevented Wegener making as much progress as he would have liked on his drift theory. Nevertheless, while recovering from a wound in 1915, he wrote and published his groundbreaking book: The Origin of Continents and Oceans, discussing the movement of Earth s continents. He proposed that many millions of years ago Earth had consisted of ocean surrounding a single great continent. Very slowly the land masses of this huge continent had moved apart to form the continents we see today. Unfortunately, nobody took much notice! Today we recognize that Wegener s ancient continent actually existed. Its name is the one Wegener gave it Pangaea. From The Origin of Continents and Oceans : Alfred Wegener s view of the supercontinent and superocean that existed on Earth about 300 million years ago. Color added by this website. More evidence and more book editions In 1920, 1922, and 1929 Wegener published updated editions of The Origin of Continents and Oceans, adding more evidence each time for his idea that the continents move around the planet at very slow speeds. He also added further evidence he had gathered in Greenland that it had once been linked to North America. He pointed out that he was not the first person to propose the movement of continents; others had also found evidence from fossils and rocks which strongly suggested continents now far apart were once joined; the

5 American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor had published evidence in 1910 supporting the idea of continental drift. Wegener s work was independent of Taylors; in 1920s America, people referred to continental drift as the Taylor-Wegener theory.

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