EARTH SCIENCE 11 PLATE TECTONICS - CHAPTERS13 &14 DIAGRAMS & TERMINOLOGY REVIEW. Plate Boundaries. Hot Spots. Type of Plate Boundary CONVERGENT
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1 EARTH SCIENCE 11 PLATE TECTONICS - CHAPTERS13 &14 DIAGRAMS & TERMINOLOGY REVIEW KEY Plate oundaries Point A C D Type of Plate oundary CONVERGENT DIVERGENT SPREADING CENTER SLIDING TRANSCURRENT / FAULT CONVERGENT SUDUCTION Hot Spots OLDEST ISLANDS Loihi will be the next Hawaiian island. On the map to the left, identify and label the location of the youngest and the oldest islands. Why is there a bend in this chain of islands? FUTURE HAWAIIAN ISLAND YOUNGEST ISLANDS
2 Features of the Ocean Floor Identify the following topographic features of the ocean floor on the following diagrams: continental shelf A spreading ridge F subducting plate continental slope rift valley G guyot (flat-topped seamount) D continental rise C transform fault passive margin submarine canyon trench J active margin abyssal plain H volcanic island arc E seamount I SUMARINE CANYON TRANSFORM FAULTS VOLCANIC ISLAND ARC PASSIVE MARGIN ACTIVE MARGIN CONTINENTAL SHELF / SLOPE / RISE AYSSAL PLAIN SPREADING RIDGE GUYOT TRENCH (SEE TALE AOVE FOR KEY) SEAMOUNT PASSIVE MARGIN ACTIVE MARGIN SUDUCTING PLATE 2
3 Seafloor Spreading and Magnetic Striping Actual Map of Magnetic Polarity Reversals 1. What is the significance of the discovery of magnetic striping? MAGNETIC STRIPING WAS PRODUCED Y REPEATED REVERSALS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD 2. How are magnetic reversal patterns formed? AS MOLTEN LAVA SOLIDIFIED ITS MAGNETIZATION WAS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE LOCAL MAGNETIC FORCE AT THE TIME IT COOLED DOWN THIS PRODUCED A SYMMETRICAL PATTERN OF MAGNETIC STRIPES LINED- UP WITH THE CENTRAL RIDGE FOR THE ROCKS OF THE OCEAN FLOOR 3. Label the oldest and the youngest rock. YOUNGEST OLDEST 3
4 The Pacific Northwest and the Juan de Fuca System 1. Label the diagram below. 2. Point Z represents a chain of volcanic mountains. What causes this landform feature to occur? Name at least one well-known volcanic mountain located in this chain. SUDUCTION AND MELTING OF JUAN DEFUCA PLATE Example: MT. ST HELEN S MT AKER MT RAINEIR MT GARIALDI MT HOOD 4
5 3. Which of the points, W, X, Y and Z, experiences earthquakes? Explain your choice(s). ALL LOCATIONS. ANY MOVEMENT OF CRUSTAL PLATES PRODUCES EARTHQUAKES 4. Why do geologists predict that the Pacific Northwest will experience a megathrust earthquake sometime in the future? EVIDENCE OF STRESS ACCUMULATION ETWEEN THE TWO LOCKED PLATES - JUAN DE FUCA AND THE NORTH AMERICAN PLATES EVENTS IN SIMILAR AREAS - ALASKA, CHILE AND MEXICO EVIDENCE OF PAST EARTHQUAKES - AOUT 300 YEARS 5. Study the diagram of the Juan de Fuca System then match the plate boundaries located at points W, X and Y with the cross-sectional diagrams of plate boundaries. Point Plate oundary W X Y C D Note locations of a: SPREADING RIDGE RIFT VALLEY TRENCH MOUNTAIN RANGE FAULT ZONE For more info see 5
6 Anatomy of a Volcano (Composite or stratovolcano) DEFINITELY ON THE UNIT TEST A MAGMA CHAMER CONDUIT / PIPE / NECK C - CRATER D LAVA FLOW E - FLANK F PARASITIC CONE G GASES & TEPHRA PLUME H - ASH I LAVA LAYER J ASH LAYER K - SILL L DIKE M COUNTRY ROCK N - TEPHRA Intrusive Volcanic Structures F DEFINITELY ON THE FINAL EXAM A LACCOLITH (FORMS DOME MTN) ATHOLITH (FORMS MTN RANGES) E DIKE (CUTS ACROSS LAYERS) D CONDUIT / PIPE (FORMS NECK) C SILL (INTRUDES ETWEEN LAYERS) F COMPOSITE OR STRATOVOLCANO 6
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