Journey to the Centre of the Unconventional Play: The Pathway from Regional Analysis through Quantitative Interpretation to Well Planning

Transcription

1 Journey to the Centre of the Unconventional Play: The Pathway from Regional Analysis through Quantitative Interpretation to Well Planning September 26, 2012 Presented by: Cheryl Wright Neil Watson Amy Fox Laurie Bellman

2 Welcome!

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4 Agenda CHERYL WRIGHT Introduction NEIL WATSON Montney Regional Setting and Production Summary AMY FOX Geomechanics LAURIE BELLMAN Quantitative Interpretation KAUSH RAKHIT Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements Next Talk Cap Rock Integrity issues

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6 Stress Analysis Quantitative Seismic Interpretation Well Planning Reservoir Characterization Geomechanics Source Rock Evaluation Hydrodynamics

7 Montney, the #3 N.A. Resource Play EIA, 2011

8 Montney Facies Map Detailed understanding of facies through high resolution stratigraphy and core work

9 Hydrodynamics and Facies Integration

10 Montney P/D Ratio

11 Montney Wet Gas Index Map

12 Montney Isotherm Map

13 Montney IP Vertical vs. Horizontal

14 Montney Tight Gas Project

15 Montney Tight Gas Project Area

16 Montney Focus Area

17 MMCF/day Montney Multi-Well Production Chart

18 Average/Well Production Gas by Quartile

19 1 st Year Ave Production and Forecast Cum. Gas

20 18 Mo. Cum Prod Vs Technology Group

21 Montney Quartile Distribution Map

22 Stress Analysis Quantitative Seismic Interpretation Well Planning Reservoir Characterization Geomechanics Source Rock Evaluation Hydrodynamics

23 Decision Option A 1. Set a rig where access is easy. 2. Drill the same well the guy in the township next to you did and expect the same results. 3. React to drilling surprises as they occur. 4. Collect the standard, minimum data required. 5. Pay for as many frac stages as you can afford and cross your fingers. 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5.

24 Decision Option B 1. Start with a field development plan that s based on a preliminary understanding of your reservoir from seismic and offset well data. 2. Drill an efficient well, proactively addressing any expected issues. 3. Target your data collection efforts to reduce uncertainty in the most important reservoir parameters. 4. Plan your completion to take advantage of the geological and geomechanical setting, avoiding unnecessary frac stages. 5. Use your drilling, well and production data to refine your reservoir understanding. 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 with increased efficiency and value.

25 How can Geomechanics help? GEOMECHANICS is how in situ stresses, pressures and rock properties affect your decision-making in all stages of the reservoir life cycle

26 How can Geomechanics help? Completion design Hydrofrac optimization Geomechanics Drilling parameters Fault stability and reactivation Thermal operations, EOR Caprock integrity Natural fractures, weak bedding planes

27 Key Geomechanical Parameters VERTICAL STRESS Density logs Pseudo-density from sonic Average rock densities MINIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESS Leak-off tests Minifracs or hydraulic fracturing data Lost circulation pressures HORIZONTAL STRESS DIRECTION Wellbore failure observed in image or caliper logs Cross-dipole sonic logs Regional knowledge/active geologic structures PORE PRESSURE Direct measurements Kicks, inflows Log- or seismic-based predictions Reservoir engineering data MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL STRESS Modeling of wellbore failure/ drilling events ROCK PROPERTIES Tests on core Log-based calculations Seismic

28 Stress in Alberta Uniform? Kind of, but not really. Will it affect how you drill? It should! Will it affect your fracs? It sure will! Will it affect production? Most likely, yes Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D. and Müller, B., The World Stress Map database release 2008 doi: /gfz.wsm. Rel2008, 2008.

29 Production from Natural Fractures in Shale FRAC STAGES AND PORTS PRODUCTION LOG NATURAL FRACTURE DENSITY NATURAL FRACTURES PICKED FROM IMAGE LOGS LOG ACQUISITION & INTERPRETATION FRAC STAGE SMART DECISIONS $60-80K $300K + Priceless Based on SPE and SPE

30 Natural Fracture Permeability There are no open tensile fractures (mode I) occurring naturally at depth Fractures at depth are sliding mode (modes II and III) shear fractures Shear fractures that are optimally oriented for frictional failure under in situ or stimulation conditions are the most permeable /Sv = shear stress S n = normal stress P p = pore pressure n = effective normal stress = S n P p n/sv Baker Hughes GMI MohrFracs Increase P p decrease n turn on more fractures

31 Individual well, drilled, logged, analyzed Planned well Data from multiple wells and seismic Baker Hughes JewelSuite

32 Stress Analysis Quantitative Seismic Interpretation Well Planning Reservoir Characterization Geomechanics Source Rock Evaluation Hydrodynamics

33 Attribute Correlation Reservoir Properties Depositional Environment Quartz and Carbonate Content Brittleness Pressure Stress Fluid Type Productivity Porosity TOC Etc Attributes Derivable from Seismic P-impedance S-impedance Density Young s Modulus Poisson s Ratio Lambda*Rho Mu*Rho Etc

34 What is QI? Conventional seismic interpretation provides geometry. Quantitative interpretation tells us about rock properties by rearranging the seismic amplitude values to represent geology.

35 Single Seismic Attribute Correlates to Microseismic Events Poisson s Ratio map with and without microseismic events. Source: Norton et al., 2011, Integration of Surface Seismic and Microseismic for the Characterization of a Shale Gas Reservoir, CSEG Recorder, Jan. 2011, p

36 Single Seismic Attribute Correlates to Closure Stress Isotropic Closure Stress Source: Monk et al., 2011, Shale Gas and Geophysical Developments, CSEG Recorder, Jan. 2011, p35-38

37 Focus on 3 Wells

38 Montney Formation 100/ W6 Acquired Logs Computed Logs Density GR Vp Vs Zp Zs LR MR PR YM

39 Deterministic Rock Physics Templates (DRPT)

40 Young s Modulus Young s Modulus vs Poisson s Ratio Poisson s Ratio

41 Density / W6 GR Vp Vs Relative Brittleness Highlighted Zp Zs LR MR PR YM

42 Shale Play Brittleness Comparison Montney Matt McKeon Halliburton

43 100/ W6 Relative Brittleness Highlighted

44 Young s Modulus Mu*Rho Lamé Parameters as Proxy for Young s Modulus vs Poisson s Ratio 100/ W6 Poisson s Ratio Lambda*Rho

45 Remember the 3 Wells?

46 Young s Modulus Rock Property Variation Between Wells Poisson s Ratio

47 Young s Modulus Rock Property Variation Between Wells Poisson s Ratio

48 DRPT Process QC all wells with dipole sonics Compute elastic properties and correlate to reservoir parameters Create comprehensive rock physics templates based on deterministic analysis conditioned by regional understanding

49 QI Summary Computed Logs Seismic Data dt4p dt4p 500 METRES US/M LMR.RHO_1 DEPTH 1750 K/M3 DEPTH TOPS.TOPS METRES 2750 LMR.RHO_RP_ K/M US/M TOPS.TOPS K/M3 METRES 2750 LMR.RHO_RP_1 LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_ GAPI 100 DEPTH LMR.RHO_1 WIRE.GR_ K/M Seismic Attributes wbsk_c_g_tp wbsk_c_g_tp mcmr_ch_tp 300 mcmr_ch_tp GAPI GPA λρ DEPTH METRES LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_ GPA-K/M top_g_bs top_g_bs top_wat_tp top_wat_tp 2 μρ WIRE.G R_1 LMR.MU_RHO _ GPA-K/M top_wat_bs top_wat_bs max_pay_tp max_pay_tp LMR.MU_RHO_1 vs. LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_1 Crossplot Well: 47 Wells Range: All of Well Filter: FAC_LMR<7&SHEAR_QUAL>0.6 LMR.MU_RHO_1 vs. LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_1 Crossplot Well: 47 Wells Range: All of Well Filter: FAC_LMR<7&FAC_LMR<>4&SHEAR_QUAL>0.6&BB_FLAG==1 max_pay_bs 3 3 DRPT Mu*Rho Mu*Rho 6400 LMR.MU_RHO_1 () LMR.MU_RHO_1 () max_pay_bs Seismic Attribute Cross-plots Lambda*Rho Classified Volume Functions: kinosis_mudcurve_cubic : Regression from curve kinosis_mudcurve Lambda*Rho AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AB W W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AB W400 1AB W Wells: W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AB W400 1AB W LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_1 () LMR.LAMBDA_RHO_1 () Color: Maximum of FAC_LMR Wells: W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 1AA W400 LMR.MU_RHO_ GPA 100

50 Thank You!

51 Acknowledgements Neil Watson Consulting Services Director Laurie Bellman Geophysics and Quantitative Interpretation Director Amy Fox Senior Geomechanics Specialist Cheryl Wright Client Relations Business Development Director Nancy Laing Client Relations Geoscience Consulting

52 Acknowledgements David Hume Multi-Client Studies Director Kaush Rakhit President Neil Praught Geological and Geophysical Technologist Ally Masoud Lead Graphic Designer Catherine Allen, Pete Singbeil Introspec Energy Group Energy Navigator Chris Hicks Weatherford CWS Baker Hughes

53 Caprock Integrity