Increasing Production with Better Well Placement in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs

Transcription

1 Increasing Production with Better Well Placement in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs David Hinz Global Advisor Imaging and LWD Interpretation Halliburton - Formation and Reservoir Solutions 1

2 Presentation Outline What happens when you assume the frac will get it Current Best Practice in North America Geomechnical Properties that affect Production Using Data through the Life Cycle Drilling Completion Stimulation Production Summary and conclusion 2

3 What happens when you assume the frac will get it 8 Month Cum vs # of Stages (Entire Play) Core Area Non Core Area Modeland, N., Buller, D. and Chong, K.K Statistical Analysis of Completion Methodology on Production in the Haynesville Shale. Paper SPE presented at the SPE North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, June 3

4 What happens when you assume the frac will get it 8 Month Cum vs # of Stages (Core Area) Core Area Modeland, N., Buller, D. and Chong, K.K Statistical Analysis of Completion Methodology on Production in the Haynesville Shale. Paper SPE presented at the SPE North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, June 4

5 What happens when you assume the frac will get it 8 Month Cum vs # of Stages (Bull Bayou Field) Core Area Modeland, N., Buller, D. and Chong, K.K Statistical Analysis of Completion Methodology on Production in the Haynesville Shale. Paper SPE presented at the SPE North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, June 5

6 Frac Finding Costs, $/EUR mc Old Problem Old Solution $0.80 $0.70 $0.60 $0.50 Pre-Reservoir Description Usage Average = $0.21 STD Dev = $0.18 Post-Reservoir Description Usage Average = $0.10 STD Dev = $0.05 $0.40 $0.30 $0.20 $0.10 $ Well List Fig Frac Finding Costs for Project Wells 1998 SPE Schubarth et al

7 Presentation Outline What happens when you assume the frac will get it Current Best Practice in North America Geomechnical Properties that affect Production Using Data through the Life Cycle Drilling Completion Stimulation Production Summary and conclusion 7

8 Drill an Evaluation Well Open Hole Logging Coring Characterize the Reservoir Define the Target Dfit or MiniFrac 8

9 Drill a Horizontal / High Angle Well LWD consists of Gamma Ray Well is geosteered to stratigraphy Pattern match gamma response to offset logs SPE

10 Complete the Well Equally spaced packers or perf intervals Spacing between intervals has been decreasing from 400 (122m) to as low as 100 (30m). 10

11 Stimulate the Well Stimulation Design is a one size fits all approach, iterated on empirical data. 11

12 Presentation Outline What happens when you assume the frac will get it Current Best Practice in North America Geomechnical Properties that affect Production Using Data through the Life Cycle Drilling Completion Stimulation Production Summary and conclusion 12

13 Shale Brittleness Index Rickman et al. Paper SPE

14 Rock Mechanics from Sonic Dynamic Young s modulus Mullen et al. SPE Poisson s ratio Convert to Static: BRIT = E s + μ Rickman et al. SPE Brittleness Index: 2 14

15 For Anisotropic Media: BRIT = 100(E v E v_min ) (E v_max E v_min ) + 100(μ v μ v_max ) /2 (μ v_min μ v_max) Mavko, G. et al. The Rock Physics Handbook 2009 TIV ratio = DTS slow DTS fast Frac index = BRIT index / TIV ratio Buller, D. et al SPE Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells 15

16 Brittleness Index vs Gas Production Post Frac Production Log day 45, well flowing 9MM 16 Buller, D., Suparman, F., Kwong, S., Spain, D. and Miller, M A Novel Approach to Shale-Gas Evaluation Using a Cased-Hole Pulsed Neutron Tool.

17 Frac Results Near WellBore Region 3 (1m) Higher Clay Interval Lower Clay Interval Buller, D. et al SPE Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells 17

18 Presentation Outline What happens when you assume the frac will get it Current Best Practice in North America Geomechnical Properties that affect Production Using Data through the Life Cycle Drilling Completion Stimulation Production Summary and conclusion 18

19 LWD Horizontal Dipole Sonic Dual Shear Detection, DTS slow & DTS fast 19 TIV ratio = DTS slow / DTS fast Low TIV ratio = more brittle, higher fracture complexity High TIV ratio = more ductile, less fracture complexity Buller, D. et al SPE Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

20 Haynesville #1 Buller, D. et al SPE Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells 20

21 Haynesville # Prop 62.2% Prop 85.3% Prop 79% Prop 29.5% Prop 2.6% Prop 89.5% Prop 100% Prop 3% Prop 55.4% Prop 35% Buller, D. et al SPE Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells 21

22 Haynesville #1 9 of 10 Water Fracs Placed PL rate 8.2 MMCF/D Haynesville #2 6 of 10 Fracs Placed > 50% PL rate 4.5 MMCF/D 22

23 Horizontal Cased Hole Pulsed Neutron Log Haynesville Shale Brittleness Index, Fracture Ease, Effective Porosity, Free Gas, & TOC CHI Model Triple Combo Data Free Gas Stress Fracture Ease Lithology Effective Horizontal In & Out of Primary Target Interval Brittleness Index Porosity 23

24 Horizontal Cased Hole Pulsed Neutron Log Haynesville Shale Evenly spaced stages Unevenly spaced stages 24

25 Shale Completion Strategy: Based on Formation Brittleness Index Youngs Modulus 7 E 6 6 E 6 5 E 6 4 E 6 3 E 6 2 E 6 1 E 6 Proppant Concentration Fluid Volume Brittleness Fluid System Fracture Geometry 70% Slick Water 60% Slick Water 50% Hybrid 40% Hybrid Linear 30% X-Linked 20% X-Linked 10% X-Linked Proppant Volume Low Barnett High Low Fracture Wi Closure Pro Marcellus Eagleford Haynesville High Low High SPE

26 Shale Stimulation Strategy Proppant Proppant Extruded Shale Shale / Prop Interface Pitcher, J. and Buller, D., 2011 Shale Assets: Applying the Right Technology for Improving Results. Paper presented at the AAPG International Convention and Exhibition, Milan, Italy, October. 26

27 Summary and Conclusion Shale reservoirs are statistical plays Well placement strategy dictated by geomechanics Geosteering enhances production by maximizing fracable reservoir contact Data acquired while drilling has a long shelf life Data used in completion and stimulation optimization 27

28 Thank You Спасибо Gracias Merci 谢谢你 Grazie Takk شكرا جزيال Sağol David Hinz Global Advisor Imaging and LWD Interpretation Halliburton - Formation and Reservoir Solutions ありがとう Obrigado 28