FYROM A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ON EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES

Transcription

1 A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ON EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES The analog publication of the spatial data contents in the former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia dated from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The important concept of these products is achieved in the period from the beginning of 1918, when the first basic preconditions were created for the elaboration of the analog image documentation in order to regulate the cadastre service. It is about the development of geodetic networks and the creation of preconditions for application of geodetic competitive methodologies for dimensioning of representative elements/buildings. That period was characterized with coordinated activities for the development of trigonometric networks, concept of integrated approach on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, as a part of prioritized preconditions for the entrance of numericgraphical geodetic methodologies for acquisition and publication of the spatial content. These actions were led and executed by the Military Geographical Institute in Belgrade. The first topographic maps with the scale of 1:25000 are present from the 1960 and elaborated by the Military Geographical Institute in Belgrade. From that period to date, these products were updated with the content and with new products with the scale of 1/50000, 1/ and 1/ in order to cover the processes to which these cartographic materials gravitate. It is important to mention that in 1994 within the project of the Ministry of Spatial Planning there were acquired satellite images covering whole state territory. This product was assigned with the purpose of supporting the typified services with the power of spatial data positioned on cartographic products with the scale of 1: With the intention to support the user requirements without the format and content restrictions, today the competences for the elaboration and distribution of spatial data are within the Agency for Real Estate Cadastre. Within the frame of this institution the geodetic-cadastral system was incorporated which gives a service to the clients on the concept of individual/classical and WEB oriented services. WEB oriented services are placed on two space portals which serve the needs for biodiversity and urban plans. It is obvious that there is no clear concept for distributional data sets in the country, metadata is still missing in the data construction, and property rights related with the data are not clearly based. CURRENT STATUS OF EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES 1. Policies 1.1 National policies and implementation The policy for permanent support of the processes for elaboration and distribution of spatial data no matter of its format within the state is covered with the basic regulativetechnical and organizational preconditions. It is about the coordinated and regulated activities of one institution, Agency of real estate cadastre, with the mandate to provide, control, protect and support services based on spatial data. Directed by the principles of unity and efficacy in providing services as well as owner s protection and supply of multilayer spatial content, the state brought a legislation that directly regulates this matter. This is the Law on real estate cadastre, which also includes activities in the field of cartography and the Law on spatial and urban planning. The Agency for real estate cadastre

2 as an executive institution, begin with transformation of cadastral system in Macedonia though the project: Reforms in cadastral system in Macedonia financed by the World Bank. One of the project priority components was providing of efficient ambient and regulative-technical positions real estate administering on the whole state territory no matter of which law concept at the time of transformations was present for specific state segments. In this context the new Law on real estate cadastre was brought and through which the real estate cadastre was established on the whole state territory, and on the organization level it begun with the processes of standards incorporation for conversion of analog into digital spatial content, as well as the transfer of major part of competences of public character into privately owned geodetic companies. In 2004, the Agency for real estate cadastre in the cooperation with JICA, started with the project: Elaboration of new digital topographic maps in the scale of 1: For this purpose the aerial photogrammetry was performed on the whole state territory and the software-hardware platforms are provided for support of the suborbital image materials processing which resulted in the elaboration of 170 sheets out of 205. One of the main project outcomes was staff education for autonomous work on cartographic material as well for support on client services and data content update. In the frame of this project the ortophoto products were elaborated, the spatial content besides as a cartographic product also serves as a data base with vector images for entities and digital terrain model for the whole state territory. These products are property of the Agency for real estate cadastre, and they have commercial status for their distribution. In 2009, for the purposes of the project: "Design of Land parcel Identification System (LPIS)", the photogrammetry imaging was performed and orthophoto color products were created in the scale of 1 : The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management is the owner of these products and the status of their distribution is still not defined. With the intention to incorporate unique concept of data distribution, there is currently one project running: Incorporation of unique national infrastructure for data distribution financed by the Dutch government. The project CORINA is administered by the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, and it is realized from the SARIS private company. The data from this project is available through the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning web portal and according to the project standards they are free of charge. In this moment there is an ongoing project for transformation of state coordinate system in to global reference system. In September this year it is planned to start with the new project financed by JICA (Japanese International Cooperation Agency) for the new topographic maps production in the scales of 1 : 50000,1 : and 1 : Official national data and projection GEODETIC DATA Horizontal Ellipsoid: Bessel, 1841 Orientation: Hermannskogel Vertical : Orthometric heights, Trieste

3 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA States cartographic projection: Gauss-Kruger projection States coordinate systems: 7th: Y-axis - Projection of Equator; X-axis - Projection of Meridian λ = 21 o ; False of origin m (west) Scale - m = Information sharing policies The policy of products sharing and distribution is based according to their proprietary rights. This concept made the monopolistic positions of the public companies which have the exclusive right for the production of cartographic products and spatial contents and their property rights. The privileged position of the state institutions is not making possible to incorporate free and competitive market for spatial data. From these reasons it is expected that taking into account the basic priority of the ISPAR directives, with the establishment of national infrastructure for distribution of spatial data (NSDI), the quality standards for spatial data will be incorporated which will bring different partners with determined status, obligations and privileges with clear data proprietary construction and partnership. Currently, the competences for support and distribution of EO products in the state belongs to the following institutions: 1. Agency for real estate cadastre (AREC) This public institution has competences over data production and organization for real estate and spatial objects and data as a conceptual content of cartographic products. In this context the analog and digital plans/maps are distributed with raster and vector data. These services are commercial with prices defined according to price list which is placed on Agency s web portal Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning The Ministry has competences over distribution of satellite images with observation and content dated from 1994, multispectral satellite images with observation and content dated from 2006, data from CORINE, LEAP. type The topographic maps in analog form, digital maps with raster and vector formats, ORTOPHOTO in black and white and color format, geodetic-cadastral plans, data from national geodetic networks. price Determined with unique and publicly available price list. Copy rights and limitations The copy right and data and products ownership lies within the institutions but the control of it is still not clearly defined.

4 1.4 Need of military clearance for specific data sets Not defined 1.5 Use of EO application on environmental decision making processes Many of the spatial data and cartographic products are used for the environmental protection as illustrated in table 3. Table 3. Use of EO application on environmental decision making processes COUNTRY Applications Projects National Level State Spatial Plan Spatial Plan Protected areas National Parks CORINA 1.6 National remote sensing data distribution centers Regional Level Local Level Type of EO Maps Orthophoto Orthophoto Vector Orthophoto Table 4. National remote sensing data distribution centers Country Distribution Center Organization Status Contac t Info SARIS Private GisDATA Private Type of Quick Bird and Landsat satellite images Quick Bird and Landsat satellite images Availabilit y Sharing policy costs Metad ata N/A N/A N/A yes N/A N/A N/A yes 1.7 Relevant national public and private administration institutes, officials Table 6. Relevant national public and private administration institutes, officials Country Distribution Center Agency for real estate cadastre Ministry of Environmen t and Physical Planning Organization Status Contac t Info Type of Government Various Government Various Availabilit y In person In person Sharing policy costs Metad ata N/A N/A YES N/A N/A YES

5 1.8 Coordinators of identified ongoing or completed EU or national sponsored projects Table 7. Coordinators of identified ongoing or completed EU or national sponsored projects Country Project Title MAKPOS GPS permanent GPS network of MK Digital ortophoto of MK NSDI LPIS Coordinator Contact Info Web Site References Real Estate Cadastre Agency of the Republic of Macedonia Real Estate Cadastre Agency of the Republic of Macedonia Real Estate Cadastre Agency of the Republic of Macedonia Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Watersupply Address, tel Str. Trifun Hadjijanev no Str. Trifun Hadjijanev no Str. Trifun Hadjijanev no Str. Juri Gagarin no.15 Reference Reference Vectoristati on of kadastar maps Real Estate Cadastre Agency of the Republic of Macedonia office@katastar. gov.mk Str. Trifun Hadjijanev no Applications 2.1 Existing national data sets Table 8. Existing national data sets Country Organization type Coverage Digital or Hardcopy Format (if Digital) Cost Metadata Clearance Royalties F Y R O M AREC Cadastre maps 100% Digital and hardcopy *.cit *.dgn /ww w.kat astar. gov. mk/e n/pag e.asp x?id= 233& m=14 75 Yes N/A yes AREC Ortophoto 100% Digital *.jpg Yes N/A yes

6 AREC Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Watersupply SARIS (private company) GISDATA (private company) maps Topographic maps 1: % Digital and hard copy *.jpg *.shp /ww w.kat astar. gov. mk/e n/pag e.asp x?id= 233& m=14 75 Yes N/A yes CORINE 100% Digital *.shp free Yes N/A No Orthophoto 100% digital *.tiff N/A Yes N/A N/A Digital elevation model Digital elevation model 100% Digital *.tab N/A Yes N/A Yes 100% Digital *.e00 N/A Yes N/A Yes 2.2 Processing capability of EO data Public institutions (AREC, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water supply), private companies like SARIS and GISDATA are fully capable to process almost any type of EO data. 2.3 collection capability (Aerial Photography, LIDAR) Table 9. Organizations delivering LIDAR and Aerial Photography Country Organization Type Of Type Delivery Cost Royalties Organization Time N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.4 EUPOS data availability and costs Since 2007 AREC has started to develop MAKPOS system of GPS permanent stations at the territory of the state. This system of permanent stations covers 100% of the territory of the country through 14 stations. The usage of this network is still free of charge but it is expected that it will start to charge in a near future.

7 Fig. 8. The location of the 14 permanent GPS stations. 2.5 Level of conformation with the INSPIRE Directive (if it applies) N/A 3. Capacities Institutional and public awareness on benefits of EO systems in environmental 3.1 monitoring Institutions start to invest in rising capacities related with EO data processing which speaks of seeing benefits from EO data. Considering the fact that more and more institutions implement GIS and spatial data in the decision making process it is a clear indicator that awareness considering EO data is growing. 3.2 National budget allocation to EO programs N/A 3.3 Funding initiatives and participation to research programs N/A Dedicated undergraduate and graduate programs, curricula and personnel Relevant 3.4 education and training centers Table 11. Dedicated undergraduate and graduate programs, curricula and personnel Relevant education and training centers Country Institute Undergraduate program Graduate program Training Personnel Web site Curricula

8 SCMU Faculty for Civil Engineering Skopje 3 years Yes Yes 60 k u.mk/index.php?optio n=com_con tent&task= view&id=2 0&Itemid=1 81&lang=e n REFERENCES AND USEFUL LINKS