DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TAPI DISTRICT

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3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TAPI DISTRICT Working Paper: 2 Yogesh N Vansiya Bhavesh Parmar Ashish Naik CENTRE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Department of Human Resource Development Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat August-2016

4 PREFACE The Department of Human Resource Development is actively involved in undertaking research projects and offering courses on research methodology. The focus of research is broadly in the area of Human Development and Human Resource Development. It is felt that concentrated efforts in understanding Human Development issues and processes is essential. Developmental issues have regional characteristics. Hence, we thought to set up Centre for Human Development Studies with a long-run objective to promote human development research and provide platform for interdisciplinary studies. The Centre is expected to create adequate database and promote suitable publications in the field of Human Development. The Centre has brought out its second Working Paper on Demographic Characteristics of Tapi District. It provides useful information on Demographic Status and its trends of Tapi District. I hope, the researchers, students and policy makers find it useful. We have made our best attempts to minimize statistical errors. Usual caveat applies for the error, if any, in this paper. I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude to the Vice Chancellor, Dr Dakshesh Thakar, Pro Vice Chancellor Dr Bhaskar Raval and the University Syndicate for allowing the Department to set up the Centre for Human Development Studies. This is a unique initiative by the University that will bolster research in the areas of Human Development. KIRAN PANDYA August 5, 2016 Honorary Director, CHDS and Head, Department of HRD i

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This working paper is a part of DHDR Tapi Project, under the department of HRD, VNSGU, Surat. We express our gratitude to the Dr. Dakshesh R Thakar, Vice-Chancellor and Pro-Vice Chancellor Dr. Bhaskar M Raval, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat. They took keen interest to see that this research work is published in the form of 'Working Paper'. We are also thankful to the university administration especially Mr. A V Dhaduk, In-charge Registrar for their institutional support who helped us at each stage of publication. Authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Kiran Pandya Prof. & Head, Department of Human Resource Development, VNSGU, Surat for providing the opportunity to work as the team members in DHDR of Tapi. While preparing working paper he helped us in sorting out some difficulties regarding the research. He is also kind to check the manuscript of our working paper and give incisive comments for its improvement. Special thanks to Dr. Gaurang D Rami, Professor, Department of Economics, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat and Dr. Smruti balsari Associate Professor, Department of HRD, VNSGU, Surat, for being very helpful and extending support in the preparation of present working paper. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. S.S.Rao, Professor and head, (Department of Economics, VNSGU, Surat), for his kind moral support. We also express our special thanks to Dr. Nimisha Shukla (Prof. & Head, Department of Rural Economics, Gujarat Vidhyapith, Ahmedabad) for her valuable guidance and moral support at different stages of our work. We thank all those who have helped us directly or indirectly in completing our working paper. We hope that the working paper is useful to policy makers, administrators, academicians, research scholars and all those who are interested in issues of demography. Surat 5 th August 2016 Yogesh N Vansiya Bhavesh Parmar Ashish Naik ii

6 CONTENTS Preface... i Acknowledgement... ii List of Figures... iv Abbreviations used in the report... v 1 Introduction Research Issues Objective of the Study Methodology and Collection of Data Introduction to Tapi Physical Features Administrative Set-Up Climate Demographic Characteristics Sex ratio Decadal Change by Residence and Gender Rural Urban Population Main Observation Policy Recommendations Conclusion Bibliography iii

7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Administrative Set-Up of Tapi... 4 Table 2: Population and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Gujarat and Tapi District)... 7 Table 3: Population and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Taluka of Tapi District)... 8 Table 4: Child Population (0-6 Years) and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Gujarat and Tapi District) Table 5: Child Population (0-6 Years) and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Taluka of Tapi District) Table 6: Schedule Caste Population in the District Table 7: Schedule Caste Population in the District Table 8: Schedule Tribe Population in the Gujarat and Tapi District Table 9: Schedule Tribe Population in the Tapi District (Taluka wise) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Map of Tapi District... 3 Figure 2 : Overall Sex Ratio in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas... 9 Figure 3 :0 to 6 year population Sex Ratio in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 4 : Sex Ratio of SC population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 5 : Sex Ratio of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 6 : Decadal Growth rate of population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 7 :Decadal Growth rate of 0 to 6 year population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 8 : Decadal Growth rate of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 9 : Percentage of Rural Urban Population Figure 10 : Percentage of SC population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 11 : Percentage of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Figure 12 : Percentage of ST Population in Gujarat and Tapi iv

8 ABBREVIATIONS APL : Above Poverty Line BPL : Below Poverty Line CBR : Crude birth Rate CDPO : Community Development Programme Officer CDR : Crude Death Rate CEW : Community Extensive Worker DDO : District Development Officer DRDA : District Rural Development Agency DSA : District Statistical Abstract DSO : District Statistical Officer FYPs : Five Year Plans GAD : General Administrative Department GOI : Government of India GSDP : Gross State Domestic Product NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation Popu. : Population SC : Scheduled Caste ST : Scheduled Tribe TFR : Total Fertility Rate UCD : Urban Community Development Sq. : Square Kilometre Km : Kilometre OBC : Other Backward Class v

9 1 INTRODUCTION India in last six decades has been successful in raising human capacity. Similarly Gujarat has been equally successful. There has been reduction in its birth rate and death rate and the income and expectation of life at birth have increased; education level has improved; equality between women and men has been established to a large extent; the condition of their education and health has improved. Compared to Gujarat, in Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamilnadu states we find more economic development. Gujarat has a leading place in India in context with industrial development as it has secured fourth rank among the state in India. After 1991, more importance has been given to the industries in Gujarat and economy of Gujarat has been diversified, but still improvements can be made in the agricultural field. Due to famine the link between agricultural and industry becomes feeble. The adverse effect of polluted environment can also be seen on human development and due to famine for many years Gujarat has not obtained a better human development index compared to that of India. Gujarat secures an important place in India as compared to other states, Gujarat is a well-developed state. While examining various issues of development of the state we find inequalities in different parts of the state. 2 RESEARCH ISSUES The present study is a focus on various issue of demographic indicator in Tapi district of Gujarat state. In many of the districts in Gujarat where have unequally developed. Present working paper find trends and status of such demographic indicator like sex ratio, Decadal Change by Residence and Gender, Rural Urban Population etc. 3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The present paper deals with an important issue on demographic indicator. The objectives of the study are as follows: 1) To evaluate status and trends of rural urban population. 2) To analyse taluka wise trends of sex ratio and child sex ratio in the district. 3) To analyse taluka wise decadal change by residence and gender in the district. 4 METHODOLOGY AND COLLECTION OF DATA In this study, researcher has used secondary data which is published by state government (Socio Economic Review) and district panchayat (District Statistical 1

10 Abstract). Study also uses various population census of Gujarat and Tapi district. We have tried to examine the demographic with secondary data. 5 INTRODUCTION TO TAPI The formation of a new district is a historic event. It is also an opportunity. Tapi is a newly formed district, which bifurcated from Surat district on 27 September 2007, with its headquarters at Vyara. Tapi district largely comprises tribal population, living in rural areas. The social customs, traditions, beliefs and even the dialect of Gujarati language of people living in rural areas of the Tapi district, differ to a large extent from the mainstream population living in nearby urban centres. The rural and interior areas of Tapi district have modest infrastructure facilities. Three talukas 1 Nizar, Uchchhal and Songadh out of total five talukas of Tapi district were identified as backward by the Cowlagi committee. This is in stark contrast with Surat, one of the flourishing and affluent urban centres in the vicinity. The bifurcation of Surat district and formation of Tapi district took place not only for administrative convenience but for other reasons as well. Surat was known for its affluence since the prehistoric times. Surat has the geographical advantage of being near to the sea, making it a hub of exports of valuable items. Surat flourished during the Moughal and the British regime but the nearby areas with tribal population remained detached and therefore, these areas are still underdeveloped. Thus, it became necessary to plan separately for development of this region. The government of Gujarat, under the decentralized planning, has started focusing on district-level and taluka-level planning and policy formulation. It would be more appropriate to have a different and a separate plan for development of the tribal district. The geographical features and the demographic profile of the district would provide insight for development. The present infrastructure facilities in the district would give an idea about the areas in which infrastructure facilities are required to be developed and strengthened. This chapter gives an overview of the physical features, administrative set-up, demographic profile and existing infrastructure facilities in the Tapi district. 1 Blocks are called Talukas in Gujarat. 2

11 Historically, Vyara (the present district headquarters of Tapi) was known as the eastern corridor of Gujarat. Vyara was one of the flourishing villages of historical Antaahpur paragana (state). However, that ancient Vyara, which was then known as Vijaynagar got completely destroyed by a devastating fire. The people, who survived, migrated to the banks of river Mindhola and the area that developed over a period of time is the Vyara of present times. 6 PHYSICAL FEATURES Tapi district is one of the 26 districts of Gujarat state in western India. Tapi is located in South Gujarat region. Tapi is located in the Southern part of Gujarat state between 73.5 to East (Longitude) and 21.0 to North (Latitude). The area of the Tapi district is sq. km. The map of Tapi district is shown in figure: Figure 1 : Map of Tapi District Source: Census The Tapi district comprises five Talukas: Vyara, Songadh, Uchchhal, Nizar and Valod. These five talukas comprise 523 villages out of which 450 villages are inhabited. Satpuda mountain range is situated on the northern frontier and Sahyadri mountain range is located on the southern frontier of Tapi district. Tapi River flows from 3

12 northern parts of Tapi district. Rivers Zhankhri Midhola and Purna flow from the central parts of the district. River Ambika flows from southern regions of Tapi district. These rivers are major source of irrigation. Tapi is one of the perennial rivers of India. A dam is constructed on river Tapi in Ukai village of Songadh district. The water stored in the reservoir is also a major source of irrigation. The economy of Tapi district is largely agrarian. The chief crops of Tapi district are Paddy (Dangar), Sugarcane, Jowar, Groundnut and Bananas (Kel). There are dense bamboo forests in the district. Tapi is the home to the natural habitats of many wild animals including tigers, lions, snakes, sloth bear etc. 7 ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP The district headquarter of Tapi is Vyara. Tapi comprises 5 talukas and the district collector looks after the general administration, collection of land revenue, settlement of land disputes, civil supplies, mid-day meal scheme etc. at district level. Mamlatdar takes care of land development, revenue collection, and law and order. Administration of law and order is taken care of by the Superintendent of Police. An officer is designated for the developmental activities in each sector of the economy. The details of Tapi district are given in Table 1: Table 1: Administrative Set-Up of Tapi Sr. No. Heads Nos. 1 Area (Sq. Kms.) No. of Talukas 5 3 Prants 2 4 Municipal Corporations 0 5 Municipal Towns 2 6 Panchayats Taluka Panchayats Gram Panchayats Villages 523 Source: Registrar General of India One integral and important component of administration is the Panchayati Raj. In Gujarat, the system of Panchayati Raj was introduced in This is a three tier pyramid structure with the District Panchayat at the top most tier, The Taluka Panchayat at middle level and The Gram (Village) Panchayat at the base of the pyramid. The role of The Gram Panchayat is to provide facilities for primary 4

13 education, drinking water, electricity, construction and maintenance of roads, bridges and similar developmental activities. The Gram Panchayat has to see that the benefits of the important development programmes planned and implemented by the higher authorities percolate down to the neediest people. In Tapi district, it has 284 Gram Panchayat and 2 nagarpalikas (Municipal Towns). This is because the Gram Panchayat is constituted for the local area having population less than CLIMATE The climate of Tapi district is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. The months of summer and winter in Tapi district are March to May and December to February respectively. The humidity in atmosphere is less. The months of monsoon in Tapi district are June to September. The maximum temperature reaches around 40 C in the months of March to May and the lowest temperature is around 11 C in the months of December to February. Winds are light and moderate in the months of March to May and become stronger in the months of monsoon. These winds are predominantly from west to east. During winter, the winds change their direction and blow from north-east direction. The average rainfall of the Tapi district is mm 2. 9 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS The population of Tapi district has increased from 7,19,634 in 2001 to 8,07,022 in 2011, a decadal growth rate of per cent. This population growth rate has decreased from in This is much lower than the population growth rate of Gujarat (19.30 per cent). There are wide variations in population growth rate across talukas. Valod has the lowest population growth rate of 3.90 and Nizar has maximum growth rate of per cent. The sex ratio of Tapi is 1007, highest among the all districts; more than the state average of 919. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased and is now favourable. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased from 996 in 2001 to 1007 in Nizar and Uchchhal talukas have a highly favourable sex ratio of 1017 and 1025 respectively. The details 2 As per data given by the Collector Office to the Director of Relief, Government of Gujarat as on October 31,

14 of population and decadal change in population are shown in Table 2 and 3 respectively. The child population in the district has reduced by 10 per cent during the decade. This is in contrast to the state growth rate, which is positive (3.30 per cent). This means that the growth rate in overall population could be because of inmigration from other districts or because of increase in life expectancy. Highest reduction ( per cent) in child population growth is observed in Valod. On the other hand, Nizar is the only taluka to have a positive growth rate of 6.1 per cent of child population, which is more than the state s average. Talukas with urban centres show a very high reduction in child population growth rate where is the rural areas show either a low reduction or an increase in child population growth rate. As per Census-2011, Child sex ratio of Tapi is 953, which is the second highest among all districts of Gujarat. This has marginally improved over the last decade (in 2001, it was 951). Child Sex ratio is minimum in Valod (988) and maximum in Uchchhal (975). The details of child population, its growth rate and sex ratio are given in table 5: 6

15 Table 2: Population and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Gujarat and Tapi District) State/ District/ Taluka Gujarat State P/M/F Total Population % of Decadal Change Sex Ratio Total Rural Urban T R U P M F Tapi District P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 7

16 Table 3: Population and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Taluka of Tapi District) Taluka of P/M/F Total Population % of Decadal Change Sex Ratio Tapi District Total Rural Urban T R U Nizar P M F Uchchhal P M F Songadh P M F Vyara P M F Valod P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 8

17 10 SEX RATIO Sex ratio is one of the important demographic parameter, which indicates the balance between females and males in the society. Gender composition reflects mortality and migration character of a given population. Distribution pattern of male and female in a population affects relative roles and economic relationships. There are different tools to measure gender equity in a population. Sex ratio is one such widely used tool for cross sectional analysis to measure gender balance. Sex ratio is defined in the Census of India as the number of females at per 1000 males in the population. Sex ratio indicates the balance between females and males in the society. More than a century (1901 to 2011) the Sex ratio in India has been historically adverse and unfavourable to females. In Tapi district the sex ratio of Tapi is 1007, highest among the all districts; more than the state average of 919. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased and is now favourable. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased from 996 in 2001 to 1007 in Nizar and Uchchhal talukas have a highly favourable sex ratio of 1017 and 1025 respectively. Figure 2 : Overall Sex Ratio in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas As per Census-2011, Child sex ratio of Tapi is 953, which is the second highest among all districts of Gujarat. This has marginally improved over the last decade (in 2001, it was 951). As per Census-2011, in Tapi district Child Sex ratio is minimum in Valod (988) and maximum in Uchchhal (975). 9

18 Figure 3 :0 to 6 year population Sex Ratio in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas As per Census-2011, Scheduled Caste sex ratio of Tapi is 973, which is higher than Gujarat state average. In rural area this ratio found 974 and in urban area it s found 973, which is found higher the state average. The Scheduled Caste sex ratio of all taluka of Tapi district is found favourable, Nizar 989, Uchchhal 900, Songadh 972, Vyara 985 and Valod 922 respectively. Figure 4 : Sex Ratio of SC population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas 10

19 As per Census-2011, Scheduled Tribe sex ratio of Tapi is 1022, which is higher than Gujarat state average (981). In rural area this ratio found 1022 and in urban area it s found 1020, which is found higher the state average. Figure 5 : Sex Ratio of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas The Scheduled Tribe sex ratio of all taluka of Tapi district is found favourable, Nizar 1033, Uchchhal 1029, Songadh 1012, Vyara 1025 and Valod 1013 respectively. 11

20 Table 4: Child Population (0-6 Years) and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Gujarat and Tapi District) State / District / Taluka P/M/ F Child Population (0-6 years) % of Decadal Change Sex Ratio (0-6) Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Gujarat State P M F Tapi District P M Source: Census 2001 and 2011 F Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female 12

21 Table 5: Child Population (0-6 Years) and Decadal Change by Residence and Gender (Taluka of Tapi District) State / P/M/ Child Population (0-6 years) % of Decadal Change Sex Ratio District / F Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban (0-6) Taluka Nizar P NA M NA F NA Uchchhal P NA M NA F NA Songadh P M F Vyara P M F Valod P NA M NA F NA Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female 13

22 11 DECADAL CHANGE BY RESIDENCE AND GENDER Decadal growth rate of Tapi district is per cent ( ); this population growth rate has decreased from in In male population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and respectively. In female population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and respectively. Tapi district decadal growth is found lower than state average. Figure 6 : Decadal Growth rate of population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Decadal growth rate of 0 to 6 year population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is 5.89 per cent respectively. In male population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and 4.32 respectively. In female population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and 7.67 respectively. 14

23 Figure 7 :Decadal Growth rate of 0 to 6 year population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas Decadal growth rate of Scheduled Caste population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is per cent respectively. In male population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and respectively. In female population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and respectively. Figure 8 : Decadal Growth rate of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas 15

24 Decadal growth rate of Scheduled Tribe population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is 0.81 per cent respectively. In male population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and 1.88 respectively. In female population growth rate is found per cent, in rural and urban area this per cent found and respectively. 12 RURAL URBAN POPULATION The details in table 2 in terms of percentage of rural-urban population are summarized in figure 9. Figure 9 : Percentage of Rural Urban Population Source: Census 2011 A large proportion of the population of Tapi district are Adivasis. Adivasi literally means aborigins. Today they are known as tribal population or people belonging to schedule tribes. These tribal are actually aborigins and are found to live in these areas since prehistoric times. Tribal are categorized further according to their communities. The tribal of Tapi district belong largely to seven such communities: Choudhari, Gamit, Vasava, Kotwalia, Bhil, Valvi and Padvi. Choudharis are found in all the five talukas of Tapi district. They are said to be the descendants of Rajput s and Bhils. Gamits are found largely in Uchchhal, Nizar and Valod talukas of Tapi. They are said to be the sub-caste of Bhils. Vasava are found in Uchchhal, Nizar and Songadh talukas of Tapi district. Dhodias are found largely in Songadh taluka. Kotwalias are found to live in the hilly regions of Tapi district. Their 16

25 main occupation is to make articles out of bamboo and other forest produce. They are also into agriculture labour and sugarcane cutting. Halpatis are found in almost all talukas of Tapi. Their main occupation is to till the lands of Zamindars (landowners). It can be said that despite being categorized as tribals or aborigins, these tribes are heterogeneous in terms of culture and tradition. Thus, it would be appropriate to have different policy for upliftment of each of these tribes. The caste wise bifurcation of population, its growth rate and sex ratio for each taluka of Tapi district are given in table 6 to 9. 17

26 State/ District/ Taluka P / M / F Table 6: Schedule Caste Population in the Gujarat and Tapi District Scheduled Caste Population % of Decadal Change (SC) % of SC Population to Total Population Sex Ratio Total Rural Urban T R U T R U T R U (SC) Gujarat State P M F Tapi District P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 18

27 Table 7: Schedule Caste Population in the Tapi District (Taluka wise) State/ District/ P / M / F Scheduled Caste Population % of Decadal Change (SC) % of SC Population to Total Population Sex Ratio (SC) Taluka Total Rural Urban T R U T R U T R U Nizar P M F Uchchhal P M F Songadh P M F Vyara P M F Valod P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 19

28 It can be seen from Table that Gujarat state has 6.74 per cent Schedule Caste (SC) population where as in Tapi district it is 1.01 per cent. Uchchhal has minimum (0.13) SC population among all talukas of Tapi and Nizar (1.74) has maximum. The sex ratio of SC population in Tapi is 973, which is greater than that of the state, which are 931. Sex ratio, albeit skewed, is maximum in Nizar (989) and minimum in Uchchhal (900). Figure 10 : Percentage of SC population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas 20

29 Table 8: Schedule Tribe Population in the Gujarat and Tapi District State/ District/ P/M/F Scheduled Tribe Population % of Decadal Change (ST) % of ST Population to Total Population Sex Ratio (ST) Taluka Total Rural Urban T R U T R U T R U Gujarat State P M F Tapi District P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 21

30 Table 9: Schedule Tribe Population in the Tapi District (Taluka wise) State/ District/ P/M/F Scheduled Tribe Population % of Decadal Change (ST) % of ST Population to Total Population Sex Ratio (ST) Taluka Total Rural Urban T R U T R U T R U Nizar P M F Uchchhal P M F Songadh P M F Vyara P M F Valod P M F Source: Census 2001 and 2011 Note : P = Person, M = Male, F = Female, T = Total, R=Rural, U=Urban 22

31 The details of Schedule Tribe (ST) population are given in table 9. In Gujarat, the percentage of ST population is per cent where as in Tapi it is per cent. As discussed earlier, Tapi still comprises the population of its aborigins. Uchchhal has per cent of ST population and Valod has per cent of ST population. Figure 11 : Percentage of ST population in Gujarat / Tapi and its Talukas The growth rate of ST population is per cent which is lower than that of the state (19.20 per cent). Maximum population growth rate for STs is in Nizar (25.29 per cent) and minimum is in Valod (1.18 per cent). Sex ratio among ST population (1022) is more than the overall sex ratio as well as the sex ratio of SC population. Not only that, it is much higher than the sex ratio of STs of the state (981). The sex ratio of ST population of Tapi is 1022 and that of the Gujarat state is 981. Among talukas, highest sex ratio is observed in Nizar (1033) and lowest in Songadh (1012), but still above

32 Figure 12 : Percentage of ST Population in Gujarat and Tapi District Source: Census 2011 Tapi is basically a tribal district. Thus, the proportion of Schedule Tribe population in Tapi is far higher in comparison with Gujarat, at macro-level. 13 MAIN OBSERVATION The population of Tapi district has increased from 7,19,634 in 2001 to 8,07,022 in Decadal growth rate of Tapi district is per cent ( ), This population growth rate has decreased from in The sex ratio of Tapi is 1007, highest among the all districts; more than the state average of 919. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased and is now favourable. The sex ratio of Tapi has increased from 996 in 2001 to 1007 in Nizar and Uchchhal talukas have a highly favourable sex ratio of 1017 and 1025 respectively. The child population in the Tapi district has reduced by 10 per cent during the decade. This is in contrast to the state growth rate, which is positive (3.30 per cent). 24

33 In Tapi district Highest reduction ( per cent) in child population growth is observed in Valod. On the other hand, Nizar is the only taluka to have a positive growth rate of 6.1 per cent of child population, which is more than the state s average. As per Census-2011, Child sex ratio of Tapi is 953, which is the second highest among all districts of Gujarat. This has marginally improved over the last decade (in 2001, it was 951). As per Census-2011, in Tapi district Child Sex ratio is minimum in Valod (988) and maximum in Uchchhal (975). Decadal growth rate of 0 to 6 year population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is 5.89 per cent respectively. As per Census-2011, Scheduled Caste sex ratio of Tapi is 973, which is higher than Gujarat state average. In rural area this ratio found 974 and in urban area it s found 973, which is found higher the state average. The Scheduled Caste sex ratio of all taluka of Tapi district is found favourable, Nizar 989, Uchchhal 900, Songadh 972, Vyara 985 and Valod 922 respectively. Decadal growth rate of Scheduled Caste population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is per cent respectively. As per Census-2011, Scheduled Tribe sex ratio of Tapi is 1022, which is higher than Gujarat state average (981). In rural area this ratio found 1022 and in urban area it s found 1020, which is found higher the state average. The Scheduled Tribe sex ratio of all taluka of Tapi district is found favourable, Nizar 1033, Uchchhal 1029, Songadh 1012, Vyara 1025 and Valod 1013 respectively. Decadal growth rate of Scheduled Tribe population in Tapi district is per cent ( ). In rural area this rate is per cent and urban area it is 0.81 per cent respectively. 25

34 14 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of all the data and information analyzed, following suggestions may be adopted for development in the region. The suggestions could either be in the form of works undertaken under existing policies or formation of new policies: Skill development programmes can be introduced. Large proportion of ST population. These people are aborigns of Tapi and thus, understand the rural economy better. If given proper direction and guidance, it may help for sustainable development. To build the capacity of local institutions with Government functionaries, for enhanced service delivery. To develop policy framework that links the resources of the region with development; and development of the region with local people. 15 CONCLUSION Tapi district was part of Surat district till September Erstwhile Surat district consisted of both intense urban agglomeration and most remote tribal areas. These extreme realities required completely different approach in managing such diverse areas in same district. Statistical profile of the district due to aggregation of data failed to highlight real condition of different area and provide alert for severe need for developmental efforts in some of these tribal areas. In this milieu, Tapi district was created by splitting five rural tribal talukas viz. Vyara, Songadh, Uchchhal, Nizar and Valod from Surat district. This newly formed Tapi district being part of tribal belt of Gujarat faces many developmental challenges on poverty, livelihood, displacement, education, public health, infrastructure, gender issues. It needs greater government support for progress on human development count. 26

35 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY District Panchayat (Various Issues), District Statistical Abstract-Surat. District Panchayat (Various Issues), District Statistical Abstract-Tapi. GOI (1991), District Census Hand Book 1991, Surat Series - 7, Part XII - A & B, Village & Town Directory. GOI (2001), District Census Hand Book 2001, Surat Series - 7, Part XII - A & B, Village & Town Directory. Government of Gujarat, ( ), Socio Economic Review : Gujarat State. Gandhinagar: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Gujarat. Socio- Economic Review, (Various Issue), Gujarat State, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Gujarat. TAPI District Human Development Report (2015), Gujarat Social Infrastructure Development Society (GSIDS), General Administration Department (Planning), Government of Gujarat. 27

36 THE WORKING PAPER SERIES DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 1. Joshi Prashant and Pandya Kiran (2007), Modelling Volatility of Indian Stock Markets. 2. Desai Jayesh and Pandya Kiran (2007), India and Outsourcing of Services: A New Growth Engine for India 3. Chudasama Krishnaraj and Pandya Kiran (2008), Measuring Efficiency of Indian Ports. 4. Raj Madhusudan and Pandya Kiran (2008), State of Elementary Education in Public Schools of Gujarat: A Study of Schools Run by Bharuch Municipality. 5. Bulsari Smruti (2009), Telecommunications and Economic Growth in India 6. Prashant Joshi (2009), Empirical Investigation of Stock Market Linkages Using VAR Approach 7. Gaurang Rami (2009), Interrelations between Money, Price and Output in India : New Evidence CENTER FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 1. Pandya Kiran and Rami Gaurang (2016), Health Status of Tapi District. 28

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