Sustainable Cities and Communities based on Indicators on Urbanization 地理国情监测技术. Prof. Dr. John W. Z. SHI The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

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1 IAEG- SDGs WG on Geospatial Information, 1 st Expert Group Meeting Dec 2016 Mexico City Measure 地理国情监测技术 Sustainable Cities and Communities 专业 based on Indicators on Urbanization Prof. Dr. John W. Z. SHI The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Dr. Pengde LI Deputy Director General, NASG, China Co-Chair, UN-GGIM

2 Indicators on Urbanization and SDGs Survey Planning Design Implement Maintenance Assessment 2

3 Contents 1 st Census on Geographic Conditions in China Results Index System on Urbanization Concluding Remarks 3

4 1 st Census on Geographic Conditions in China r Area: China Project period: 2013 and

5 Background 5

6 Census on Geographic Conditions Geographic Conditions Physical Geography Human Geography Natural Features Land Cover Man- Made Features Social- Economic Data 6

7 Project Management Vice Prime Minister Finance Analysis Minister of Land and Resources Deputy State Secretary Administrator of State Statistics Director General of NASG Coordinating Quality Control Execution Central Propagation Foreign Affairs Development and Reform Industry and IT Police Civic Affairs Finance Personnel Environment Protection Housing and Urban Development Transport Water Resources Agriculture Audit Office Forestry Energy Ocean Administration CAAC Historical Relics PLA Mapping Armed Police 7

8 Contents 1 st Census on Geographic Conditions in China Achievements Index System on Urbanization Concluding Remarks 8

9 Classification System Cropland Garden land Woodland Paddy Dry Classes Grassland Built-up area Roads Structures Piled up, excavated or exposed land Desert and exposed surface Water Geographic unit Terrain First Level: 12 Classes Canals Lake New pond Sea Glaciers and permanent snow Second Level: 58 Classes Rivers Canal Reservoir Pit Pond Third Level: 135 Classes 9

10 Land Use Classification 10

11 Example of Geographic Analyses Human Settlement Location Condition Resources Vegetation Cover Living Environment Vegetation Cover Traffic Productivity 11

12 Examples of Geographic Monitoring Agricultural land Rain water Urbanization Grassland Hydro-Projects Forest land 12

13 Application Examples Integrated Multi-planning Ecological Auditing 13

14 Contents 1 st Census on Geographic Conditions in China Results Index System on Urbanization Concluding Remarks 14

15 地理国情监测技术 专业 Indicators on Urbanization

16 Urban Shape Compactness Index c = i=1 n 2 πa ( i ) P i n 2, measure of compactness of urban area s contour Higher value indicates higher compactness of Urban Area (denser distribution) Higher compactness and denser urban area distribution in central area 16

17 Urban expansion mode Spreading Filling Enclave S = L P % % 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% City expansion mode comparison Main mode of urban expansion: spreading and filling 17

18 Evaluation of Ecological Land farmland garden woodlan d grass Unused land water Spatial distribution of ecological land in the City Cover ratio of ecological land in the City 18

19 Evaluation of Ecological Land 19

20 Spatial distribution of road network D r = Length r /Area s, road network density Legend Road density (km/100km 2 )

21 Road network accessibility Based on space barrier: A i = i=1 n T ij M j j=1 n M j T ij :Travel Time from i town to j town M j : Weight Based on space syntax : Where: L i = 1 RRA i = D k RA i RA i = 2(P i 1) n 2 D k = 2n{log 2 n } (n 1)(n 2) Legend Time required to reach each other 0-25m 25-30m 30-35m 35-40m 40-45m 21

22 Coverage rate Equalization of infrastructure % % Coverage ratio of infrastructure in the City in % 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% park school hospital station 公园及广场 中小学 一级甲等以上医院 汽车站 2000 米 62.70% 98.20% 46.40% 42% 4000 米 91.40% 99.59% 77.56% 83% service area of hospitals 2000 米 4000 米 Count the number of residential points in the buffer service area of parks 22

23 Population Imbalanced Indicator U = 2 n 2 i=1 2 x i y i n Indicator of the imbalanced distribution of urban area and population Higher value: more imbalanced Population Imbalanced Index in the City Low level of Population Imbalanced Index indicate balanced distribution of urban area and population 23

24 Urban Landuse Area and Proportion Urban Landuse Area per capita, Green Space per capita, Green Space Proportion Indicator of the reasonability of the urban landuse Green Space Proportion of the City 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 19.4% 17.0% 17.5% 14.8% 18.7% High proportion (up to 15%) of Green Space indicate good environment in urban area 0.0% SouthWest SouthEast NorthWest NorthEast Central 24

25 Index on Geographic Conditions Star Identify components dynamically Sample value of the elements PCA Determine the weight of elements Candidate Set Q m 1 u r (x, y) i m i 1 i S S e i init u i E(S) E(S)< cnt 1 cnt i 1 S i End 25

26 Contents 1 st Census on Geographic Conditions in China Results Index System on Urbanization Concluding Remarks 26

27 Conclusion Remarks Indicators on urbanization can potentially be used for measure the development of Sustainable Cities and Communities in SDGs. 27

28 Gracias! 28