DELINEATION OF NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Transcription

1 AIM To analyze the given article and understand the concept of regional delineation and its relation with planning techniques. GAURAB DAS MAHAPATRA 2015MURP010 DELINEATION OF NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION MPLN0107 PLANNING TECHNIQUES

2 1. Introduction Delhi has been experiencing phenomenal growth of population since 1951 recording decennial growth rate of 52.44%, 52.91%, 52.98%, 51.45% and 47.03% during , , and decades respectively. One of the main causes for this spurt in the growth of population is migration into the city not only from the adjacent states but also from others such as Bihar. The growth of population of Delhi has contributed to increasing congestion and shortages of civic amenities. It has been felt that as Delhi grows, its problems of land, housing, transportation and management of essential infrastructure like water supply and sewerage would become more acute. It was with this concern that the need for planning Delhi in the regional context was felt: 1956 Interim General Plan suggested that 'serious consideration should be given for a planned decentralization to outer areas & even outside the Delhi region' High Powered Board set up under Union Minister for Home Affairs 1962 Master Plan for Delhi emphasized Planning of Delhi in regional context 1973 High Powered Board reconstituted under Union Minister for Works & Housing 1985 Enactment of the National Capital Region Planning Board Act by the Union Parliament, with the concurrence of the participating States of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, NCR Planning Board was constituted. National Capital Region (NCR) is a unique example of inter-state regional development planning for a region, having a total area of over Sq Kms spanning over 15 districts in the states of U.P, Haryana, and Rajasthan and National Capital Territory of Delhi, with the Nation Capital as its core. The National Capital Region (NCR) in India was constituted under the NCRPB Act, 1985; the key rationale was to promote balanced and harmonized development of the Region, and to contain haphazard and unplanned urban growth by channelizing the flow and direction of economic growth (on which the urban phenomenon feeds) along more balanced and spatially-oriented paths. [Source: National Capital Region Planning Board, MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA]

3 2. Need to delineate the national capital region Balanced development of a city of metropolitan complexity needs the development of both central core and periphery, which if not regarded properly with respect to its orbit of influence will lead to imbalance and defeat long term planning objectives. Delhi had degree of influence in a radius of miles spreading in 3 different states as shown in the map. A 800sq miles of metropolitan area has been defined which fosters interactive and communicative relations between them to have a sound economic base and adequate utilities, services and amenities. Map Showing Regional linkage of NCR

4 3. Regional setting of Delhi Outside core Delhi, there is its second zone of influence within a radius of 50 miles has 11 tehsils (as shown below) which has economic interdependence upon each other has been termed as NCR or National Capital region. Map Showing Regional Setting of NCR [N.B.: Yellow marked = Uttar Pradesh, Red marked = Haryana] The core city depends upon these areas for items of daily needs, fresh vegetables and perishable goods. Meerut has the highest degree of communication than others which also has considerable degree of communication (as shown below). Map Showing Regional Setting of NCR with road network

5 4. Impact of Delhi Master Plan The DELHI MASTERPLAN-1962 was prepared with a perspective of 20 years i.e. upto Based on the experience of the plan and to cater to the increasing population & changing requirements of the city upto year Extensive modifications to DELHI MASTERPLAN-1962 were made under Section 11-A of the DD Act and the Master Plan for Delhi was prepared by Delhi Development Authority (DDA). The modified plan, DELHI MASTERPLAN-2001 (as shown below) was approved by the GOI and promulgated on Map Showing Delhi Masterplan 2001 Considerable economic, demographic and land use oriented changes had taken place after this which would have affected the limits of NCR. The tehsils like Ferozpur-jhirka, Panipat and Karnal (as shown below) having important milk supply or fresh vegetable to Delhi were falling outside the boundary of NCR. The migration data reflected a higher number of migrants to Delhi from these places. So the boundary of NCR might extend beyond the 11 tehsils as what we discussed earlier. Thus it can be inferred that a detailed study on various factors and their respective indices are necessary for delineating a metropolitan region.

6 5. Considerations and factors in delineating the region A radius of 70miles had been considered for measuring the influence and inter-dependence of Delhi as discussed above. Now, this included 42 tehsils of 3 states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan apart from Union territory of Delhi itself. Tehsil was the unit owing to relatively high availability of information than the lower orders of spatial settlements. The following 3 factors were considered (as shown below). Serial No Factors Demography Regional Linkages Service Indices Population Growth Rate, Urbanism, Economic Activity, Migration, Density. Traffic volume of railway goods, road goods, passenger train and passenger bus. Perishable goods, wholesale, raw materials and labour supply Banking facility and Cultural affinity. Water sources, Drainage channels, Flood control works, Irrigation, Power houses, Measures for prevention of water production. Table showing the 3 factors and their indices for delineation of NCR Based on this the comparative database was generated (as shown below). States falling under radius for delineation Indices Uttar Pradesh Haryana Rajasthan Density Fairly High Low Low Urbanism Fairly High Low Low Working force in non-agricultural activity Fairly High Low Low

7 Decennial variation Migration into Delhi Low Fairly High Low Fairly High Low Low Cultural affinity Low Fairly High Low Milk supply Fairly High Negligible Negligible Vegetables Fairly High Fairly High Negligible Table Showing indices for delineation Numerous other factors with their requisite indices from reliable sources were documented, analyzed and interpreted. 6. Delineation techniques As Heterogeneity and unidirection in the nature of criteria makes delineation technique a difficult task, the following 2 methods are used, i.e. cartographic superimposition and composite index methods. Out of this Cartographic Superimposition was vividly used (as shown below. The approaches of Cartographic Superimposition are listed below: Approach Construction of suitable standards of the indices, Details Mean value of demographic indices Indices inferred from analysis for delineation General Observations 30% non-agricultural workers, 13.7 % of urban population, 650 ppsqm of average density, 20% growth rate of population. Closer belt of 20km radius has grater urbanism, Mapping of values of different indices and superimposition of various girdles. Selection of suitable scale for base map Rile band of traffic flow Isochrones Symbols Line Graphs and Pie Diagram Chloropleth and Isopleth Density, urbanism, Economic Activity and polulation growth finalized for indices of statistical analysis was the standard deviation of the composite indices. -0.4<Metropolitanism<+0.4 Pretty satisfactory analysis Areas falling under significant influence zone determined by checking

8 Except the above radius there absence of regular trend, For perishable goods, boundary limits derived from concentration of values. the number of girdles they are covered by, Framing of composite index to define levels of metropolitanism Table showing techniques used in Cartographic Superimposition 7. Planning considerations for delineation Besides determining the influence area, the following factors are also important: Contiguity of areas Mangeable size of the region from planning point of view Integrated development Adjustment of boundaries with other planning areas Pyramid showing determining factors of regional delineation The inferences were deduced from the studies: 30 tehsils were decided to be the basic benchmark for planning area. Contiguity in northern, eastern and southern parts. Inclusion of areas having mineral resources and supply of unskilled labour which would help in future regional development. Fast growing population rate complemented by absence of counter magnet would facilitate an area to be considered under NCR. The map shown below would show how counter magnets will have to be developed and regional area may have to be adjusted to check overlapping in planning activity.

9 Map showing potential counter magnets around Delhi

10 8. Conclusion Taking all the factors and indices, the National capital Region was demarcated as an interstate region (as shown below). The total area delineated is 30000sqm with an average radius of 100km from core of Delhi. Delhi NCR today is considered as one of the models of development. Thus to delineate a region the major steps which range from urban planning to social science any many other. It has to be dealt systematically as it will define the growth pattern and settlement systems in near future for that region.