Governance, Geo-ICT and the Use of Indicators in Spatial Decision Making

Transcription

1 Governance, Geo-ICT and the Use of Indicators in Spatial Decision Making Dr. Johannes Flacke Assistant Professor for Spatial Planning and Decision Support Systems July 2 nd 2008 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION

2 Content 1.Governance and Geo-ICT 2.GIS-based sustainability indicators 3.How to use indicators in spatial decision making 4.Relations to sugarcane issues 2

3 Content 1. Governance and Geo-ICT 2. GIS-based sustainability indicators 3. How to use indicators in spatial decision making 4. Relations to sugarcane issues 3

4 Governance Political Sphere Public Admin. Sphere Society Sphere Ake Gronlund,

5 Geo-ICT in thesystemofgovernance Political Sphere Public Admin. Sphere policy formulation Society Sphere G, 2007 ola Georgiadou,

6 Geo-ICT in thesystemofgovernance Policy implementation Political Sphere Public Admin. Sphere Society Sphere ola Georgiadou,

7 Geo-ICT in thesystemofgovernance Political Sphere Public Admin. Sphere Society Sphere Information Services to Citizens ola Georgiadou,

8 Content 1. Governance and Geo-ICT 2. GIS-based sustainability indicators 3. How to use indicators in spatial decision making 4. Relations to sugarcane issues 8

9 Spatial aspects of sustainability indicators Spatial reference (sub)local global Spatial specification Locally specific Globally universal Spatial differentiation Spatially differentiated No spatial differentiaton 9

10 Using GIS to develop indicators Usually indicators are derived from statistical data i.e. possibility to develop indicators is limited by data availability GIS and remote sensing techniques provide a rich source for developing new indicators GIS overlay functions can be utilized to construct such indicators 10

11 GIS and Sustainability Overall objectives of sustainability Sustainability Objectives of a sustainable development of land use Indicators of a sustainable development of land use GIS-based sustainability indicators GIS Information methods Spatial data 11

12 What are GIS based SD indicators Display the phenomenon (the problem) under observation spatially differentiated Can be used to discover not directly obvious spatial patterns and dynamics Consist of: unit of analysis the spatial unit in which the data is processed unit of observation the spatial unit in which the indicator is displayed and communicated 12

13 Example Indicator: open space supply Indicator Open Space supply m² recreation area/capita 13

14 Example indicator: Inadequate housing Indicator Inadequate housing Percentage of dwellings which are of inadequate type 14

15 GIS-based sustainability indicators: pros and cons + provide spatially differentiated information + Allow studying of processes over time and space + Can be connected with spatially discrete objectives + Can be linked to spatially precise measures - specific and detailed data required - bigger demands on presentation and communication 15

16 Content 1.Governance and Geo-ICT 2.GIS-based sustainability indicators 3.How to use indicators in spatial decision making 4.Relations to sugarcane issues 16

17 The process of decision making Decision making process is transforming information into instructions. Instructions are messages that are intended to affect the system behaviour in such a way that they improve the performance of the system Decision making is the process of evaluating the alternatives and choosing a course of action to solve a problem. (Spatial) Decision Support Systems (SDSS) are computer systems that help decision makers in the process of decision making 17

18 What is a decision problem? Decision problem is defined as a situation where an individual or a group perceives a difference between a present state and a desired state and where: The individual or group has alternative course of actions available The choice of action can have a significant effect on this perceived difference The individual or group is uncertain a priori as to which alternative should be selected (Ackoff, 1981, The art and science of mess management, Interfaces 11(1) pp ) 18

19 Decision support using multi-criteria analysis (MCA) 19

20 Application of a decision support system: Evaluation of light rail systems 1: Radial with Branches CONCEPTUAL RAIL ALIGNMENT OF BRANCHES WITH RADIAL OPTION EAR 2020 N Kilometers Simpang S. Choh 6 LEGEND Rawang Branches with Radial Option Existing Railway Gombak Existing Road District Boundary Town Kuang Selayang Baharu Sri Utara S. Buloh Gombak Kuala Lumpur Bukit Subang Wangsa Maju Manjalara Sri Hartamas Kg Datuk Keramat Kuala Lumpur Damansara Ampang Taman Maluri Meru Kapar Petaling Bangsar Bandar Tun Razak Pandan Indah Petaling Jaya Batu 14 Hulu Langat Salak Selatan Taman Segar Bukit Indah Kelang Shah Alam Klang Batu Sembilan Subang Jaya Bukit Jalil Hulu Langat Pelabuhan Klang Cheras Seri Kembangan Puchong Batu Dua Belas Kajang Semenyih PU TR A J A A Broga Broga Bandar Baru Bangi 2: Radial Network CONCEPTUAL RAIL ALIGNMENT OF RADIAL OPTION EAR 2020 N Kilometers 2 0 Simpang S. Choh LEGEND Rawang Radial Option Existing Railway Existing Road Gombak District Boundary Town Kuang Selayang Baharu Gombak Sri Utara S. Buloh Manjalara Kuala Lumpur Bukit Subang Wangsa Maju Sri Hartamas Kg Datuk Keramat Kuala Lumpur Damansara Ampang Taman Maluri Meru Kapar Petaling Bangsar Bandar Tun Razak Petaling Jaya Pandan Indah Batu 14 Hulu Langat Salak Selatan Taman Segar Bukit Indah Kelang Shah Alam Klang Batu Sembilan Subang Jaya Bukit Jalil Hulu Langat Pelabuhan Klang Cheras Seri Kembangan Puchong Batu Dua Belas Kajang Semenyih PU TR A J A A Bandar Baru Bangi 3: Loop Network CONCEPTUAL RAIL ALIGNMENT OF LOOP OPTION EAR 2020 N Kilometers Simpang S. Choh 6 Rawang LEGEND Loop Option Gombak Existing Railway Existing Road District Boundary Town Selayang Baharu Kuang Gombak Sri Utara S. Bul oh Buki t Subang Wangsa Maju Kuala Lumpur Manj alar a Sri Hartamas Kg Datuk Keramat Kuala Lumpur Damansara Ampang Taman Maluri Petaling Meru Kapar Shah Alam Buki t Indah Subang Jaya Bandar Tun Razak Petaling Jaya Kelang Pandan Indah Bangsar Batu 14 Hulu Langat Salak Sel atan Taman Segar Batu Sembilan Buki t Jalil Klang Hulu Langat Puchong Batu Dua Belas Cheras Seri Kembangan Pel abuhan Klang Kaj ang Semenyih P U T R A J A A Bandar Baru Bangi Broga 20

21 Suitability analysis for finding possible locations for the park (design phase) Scenario 1 Suitability map 1 Scenario 2 Suitability map 2 21

22 Evaluation of alternative solutions (choice phase) Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 22

23 Collaborative decision making Interactive scenario design Impact evaluation Facilitator Negotiated outcome Group negotiation & consensus 23

24 Content 1. Governance and Geo-ICT 2. GIS-based sustainability indicators 3. How to use indicators in spatial decision making 4. Relations to sugarcane issues Do we have a decision problem? 24

25 Sugarcane Do we have a decision problem? Do we need more sugarcane plantations? Where to plant and to harvest more sugarcane? How much more sugarcane plantations should be developed in regarding current sustainability objectives? How to grow more sugarcane without causing huge socio-ecologically negative impacts? How to grow more sugarcane and at the same time guaranteeing a sufficient supply of food? How to include citizens and the public in the planning and decision making process and on which spatial level? 25