The potential of GIS in mapping soil health. Tim Brewer 19/11/2104

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "The potential of GIS in mapping soil health. Tim Brewer 19/11/2104"

Alisha Dixon
5 years ago
Views:

1 The potential of GIS in mapping soil health Tim Brewer 19/11/2104

2 Horizon Depth (cm) Sand % Silt % Clay % ph Organic Carbon (wt%) Bulk Density (g/cm3) Particle Density (g/cm3) Total Porosity (%) Water Content at 5kPa; (Field Capacity) Brief Description of Horizon LandIS The Land Information System 0 to to to Dark greyish brown, stoneless clay; calcareous Olive brown, slightly mottled, stoneless clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; calcareous. Light olive brown, slightly mottled, stoneless clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; calcareous. 75 to Grey, slightly mottled, stoneless clay; massive structure; calcareous.

National Soil Map 1:250,000 Produced originally

3 National Soil Map 1:250,000 Produced originally on 6 sheets Reworked to form a contemporary vector GIS dataset Unique, seamless coverage of Great Britain Product of 200+ years of field work Incorporates 60 years of field investigation Government s official source of soil information

Core soil map holdings 1939 to 1966, mapping at 1:63,360 scale.

use. Some 10% of England and Wales is mapped at this scale.

1:25,000 scale 100+ maps published of 10x10km, each with book.

Areas were selected for pedological, geomorphological and scientific agricultural interest, representing

4 Core soil map holdings 1939 to 1966, mapping at 1:63,360 scale. Areas selected to represent typical landscape types, soil problems, complexity of soil pattern and land use. Some 10% of England and Wales is mapped at this scale. Each map sheet covers 663 km² and 25 of these sheets have been published 1966 and 1979, mapping at 1:25,000 scale 100+ maps published of 10x10km, each with book. Maps relate soil type to individual fields on the base map. Areas were selected for pedological, geomorphological and scientific agricultural interest, representing wider districts with similar environments to 1985 five 1:50,000 maps, each of 1,600 km². The mapping procedures were similar to those used for previous local mapping. However, average density of observations was reduced proportionally. These maps were published with books.

5 Soil Compaction Texture Organic carbon Wetness class compaction through an increase in bulk density and a decrease in soil porosity

6 Food Production Suitability Prediction for Maincrop Potatoes Actual coverage of potatoes in 2004

7 Web-Based Delivery of Soil Data The free Soilscapes Viewer has been recently launched to much acclaim It is also incorporated within the Defra educational website:

8 Advantages and disadvantages of existing mapping Advantages Data is available through a GIS based land information system Many derived products can be created from the raw field survey and mapped data Can be integrated with other geospatial data to identify relationships e.g. erosion assessment Soil reports can be quickly generated for bespoke areas of interest Disadvantages Fixed mapping scale determined at time of survey Mapped to predefined soil classification Variable large scale mapping coverage National map represents groups of related soils

9 Data sources for more detailed soil information

10 Data sources for more detailed soil information Grain yield Soil properties NDVI Topography Weather

11 Using the information in a GIS use a common referencing system! In any analysis using two or more maps, the projection used on the maps must be the same to ensure equivalence of spatial location. If this is not the case, spurious results will be created. Image: JTM Clarke 1866 Soil vectors: JTM NAD27

12 Visible soil indicators Soil moisture variation Shallow soils Soil erosion Complex soil variation

13 Interactive information systems with image processing algorithms Data layers FarmingTruth Web-based Information System - Electrical Conductivity Layer

14 N o r t h i n g, m EMI soil conductivity map, Gamlingay March EM38 data points, ms/m Apparent soil conductivity to 9 9 to to to to Kriged 10x10 m, ms/m A 3B A 2B A 1B 0 Neutron probe site Easting, m

15 Northing, m EMI conductivity overlaid on to soil survey 100m grid soil map EMI Soil conductivity ms/m, surveyed by Toby Waine -13 to 9 9 to to Surveyed by Ian Bradley SSLRC Clay loam over stoneless clay Clay Loam Sandy Loam soil_vs_em.srf Easting, m

16 Derived crop information - cauliflower

NDVI 18/08/14 Preliminary results in Onions UAV 17/06/14 MARCH APRIL MAY Planting date 12/03/14 JUNE JULY AUG Ground data 18/08/14 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Average Fresh Weights vs NDVI y = 1E-05x + 0.

17 NDVI 18/08/14 Preliminary results in Onions UAV 17/06/14 MARCH APRIL MAY Planting date 12/03/14 JUNE JULY AUG Ground data 18/08/ Average Fresh Weights vs NDVI y = 1E-05x R² = y = 7E-05x R² = y = 7E-05x R² = Fresh Weight (g/m 2 ) Bulb FW (g) Biomass (g) Leaf FW (g) Bulb fresh weight at harvest correlates with an early NDVI value

The role for GIS Visualising spatial data in map form Integrating data from field survey and remotely sensed sources Provides the basis for within field

18 The role for GIS Visualising spatial data in map form Integrating data from field survey and remotely sensed sources Provides the basis for within field management options Requires an understanding of underlying principles of remote sensing and geostatistical analysis to correctly derive field management products

MAFF Ministry of IfiriLE Agriculture Fisheries and Food

MAFF Ministry of IfiriLE Agriculture Fisheries and Food STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION UPSLAND, KIRKLINGTON NORTH YORKSHIRE EXTRACTION OF SAND AND GRAVEL MARCH