Subsystem Details for the Fiscal Year 2004 Advanced Life Support Research and Technology Development Metric

Transcription

1 Purdue University Purdue e-pubs Technical Reports ALS/NSCORT Specialized Center of Research and Training: Advanced Life Support Subsystem Details for the Fiscal Year 2004 Advanced Life Support Research and Development Metric A. J. Hanford Follow this and additional works at: Hanford, A. J., "Subsystem Details for the Fiscal Year 2004 Advanced Life Support Research and Development Metric" (2006). Technical Reports. Paper 2. This document has been made available through Purdue e-pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact epubs@purdue.edu for additional information.

2 Subsystem Details for the Fiscal Year 2004 Advanced Life Support Research and Development Metric A. J. Hanford, Ph.D. Lockheed Martin Space Operations Houston, Texas September 2004 MSAD

3 Section Contents 1 INTRODUCTION SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS IN FISCAL YEAR 2004 ALS R&TD METRIC REFERENCES ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...18 Tables Page Table Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 2.7 Table 2.8 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Current Technologies... 2 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Advanced Technologies... 4 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Current Technologies... 6 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Advanced Technologies... 8 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Current Technologies Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Advanced Technologies Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Current Technologies Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Advanced Technologies Page ii

4 1 INTRODUCTION This document provides values at the assembly level for the subsystems described in the Fiscal Year 2004 Advanced Life Support Research and Development Metric (Hanford, 2004). 2 SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS IN FISCAL YEAR 2004 ALS R&TD METRIC Hanford (2004) summarizes the subordinate computational values for the Advanced Life Support Research and Development (ALS R&TD) Metric at the subsystem level, while this manuscript provides a summary at the assembly level. Hanford (2004) lists mass, volume, power, cooling, and crewtime for each mission examined by the ALS R&TD Metric according to the nominal organization for the Advanced Life Support (ALS) elements. The values in the tables below, Table 2.1 through Table 2.8, list the assemblies, using the organization and names within the Advanced Life Support Sizing Analysis Tool (ALSSAT) for each ALS element. These tables specifically detail mass, volume, power, cooling, and crewtime. Additionally, mass and volume are designated in terms of values associated with initial hardware and resupplied hardware just as they are within ALSSAT. The overall subsystem values are listed on the line following each subsystem entry. These values are consistent with those reported in Hanford (2004) for each listed mission. Any deviations between these values and those in Hanford (2004) arise from differences in when individual numerical values are rounded within each report, and therefore the resulting minor differences should not concern even a careful reader. Hanford (2004) uses the units kw e and kw th for power and cooling, respectively, while the nomenclature below uses W e and W th, which is consistent with the native units within ALSSAT. The assemblies, as specified within ALSSAT, are listed in bold below their respective subsystems. When recognizable assembly components are not listed within ALSSAT, a summary of the assembly is provided on the same line as the entry for the assembly. Assemblies with one or more recognizable components are further described by the indented entries below them. See Yeh, et al. (2002), Yeh, et al. (2003), and Yeh, et al. (2004) for details about ALSSAT organization. Except for the dry food mass listed within the Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage within the Food Subsystem, total values for assemblies would be the sum of their components. The Dry Food, however, is that portion of the food system that was excluded during the computation of the Fiscal Year 2004 ALS R&TD Metric. It is listed here to provide a reference, but it is otherwise ignored in the overall totals. See Hanford (2004) for details of this process and supporting rationale. When applicable, the technology label from ALSSAT is listed in the second column, and the associated abbreviations are listed below in Section 4. For more details of the technologies assumed for each mission, please see Hanford (2004) for descriptions of each subsystem and an overall life support system schematic. 1

5 Table 2.1 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Current Technologies Air Subsystem 3,908 29, ,500 2, ,686 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction None Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage High Nitrogen Storage Pressure 2, , , High Oxygen Storage Pressure , , Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem Crop Storage n/a Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine n/a Food Subsystem 30, ,930 2, ,395 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 STM w/ Food Storage Frozen 30, , , , Dry Food (neglected) 14, , Thermal Subsystem ,555 Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 2

6 Table 2.1 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Current Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem 3, ,681 Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Solid Waste Treatment Storage 3, , Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem 15,857 10, ,350 1, ,489 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process ISS WRS , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage 15, , Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations 17, ,517 Clothing 10, , Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items 7, , Totals 71,416 40, ,560 7, ,323 See Section 4 for acronyms. 3

7 Table 2.2 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Advanced Technologies Air Subsystem 1,830 9, ,149 4, ,932 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction Sabatier Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage Nitrogen Storage Cryogenic , , , , Oxygen Storage Cryogenic , Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem Crop Storage n/a Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine n/a Food Subsystem 24, ,826 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 Food Storage STM 24, , Dry Food (neglected) 14, , Thermal Subsystem ,565 Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 4

8 Table 2.2 Subsystem Breakdown for Orbiting Research Facility: International Space Station Upgrade Mission using Advanced Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem 1, ,438 1, ,450 Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Combo Solid Waste Treatment 1, , , , Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem 784 1, ,801 1, ,864 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process VPCAR , , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations 7, ,977 Clothing Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items 7, , Totals 36,174 11, ,750 10,205 1, ,614 See Section 4 for acronyms. 5

9 Table 2.3 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Current Technologies Air Subsystem 2, ,350 2, ,400 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction None Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage High Nitrogen Storage Pressure 1, , High Oxygen Storage Pressure Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem ,030 12, ,248 Crop Storage Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine , , , Food Subsystem 4, ,400 2, ,960 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 Food Storage STM w/ Frozen and 4, , , , Salad Dry Food (neglected) 1, , Thermal Subsystem ,070 1, Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 6

10 Table 2.3 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Current Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Solid Waste Treatment Storage Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem 1,389 1, ,000 1, ,903 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process ISS WRS , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations 1, ,826 Clothing 1, , Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items Totals 11,032 1, ,860 19, ,503 See Section 4 for acronyms. 7

11 Table 2.4 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Advanced Technologies [W e] [W th] Air Subsystem 1, ,488 3, ,799 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction Sabatier Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage Nitrogen Storage Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Cryogenic Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem ,026 12, ,128 Crop Storage Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine , , , Food Subsystem 2, ,440 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 STM Food Storage w/bulk pkg. 2, , Dry Food (neglected) 1, , Thermal Subsystem ,099 1, Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 8

12 Table 2.4 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Transit Vehicle using Advanced Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Storage Solid Waste Treatment Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem ,183 2, ,065 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process VPCAR , , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations ,044 Clothing Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items Totals 6, ,403 20, ,471 See Section 4 for acronyms. 9

13 Table 2.5 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Current Technologies Air Subsystem 1, ,340 2, ,679 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction None Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage High Nitrogen Storage Pressure High Oxygen Storage Pressure Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem Crop Storage n/a Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine n/a Food Subsystem ,860 1, ,072 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 STM w/ Food Storage Frozen , , , Dry Food (neglected) Thermal Subsystem Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 10

14 Table 2.5 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Current Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Solid Waste Treatment Storage Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem ,269 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process ISS WRS Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations Clothing Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items Totals 2, ,930 6, ,035 See Section 4 for acronyms. 11

15 Table 2.6 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Advanced Technologies Air Subsystem ,031 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal SAVD Carbon Dioxide Reduction None Oxygen Generation Storage Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ATCO Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage Nitrogen Storage Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Cryogenic Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem Crop Storage n/a Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine n/a Food Subsystem Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 STM Food Storage w/lmc Dry Food (neglected) Thermal Subsystem Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 12

16 Table 2.6 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Mars Descent / Ascent Lander using Advanced Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Storage Solid Waste Treatment Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem ,167 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process ISS WRS Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations Clothing Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items Totals 2, ,430 3, ,748 See Section 4 for acronyms. 13

17 Table 2.7 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Current Technologies Air Subsystem 2,719 1, ,590 3, ,094 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction None Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage High Nitrogen Storage Pressure 1, , High Oxygen Storage Pressure Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem ,030 12, ,844 Crop Storage Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine , , , Food Subsystem 6, ,400 2, ,793 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 Food Storage STM w/ Frozen and Salad 6, , , , Dry Food (neglected) 2, , Thermal Subsystem ,180 1, Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 14

18 Table 2.7 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Current Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Solid Waste Treatment Storage Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem 7,018 2, ,160 1, ,501 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process ISS WRS , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage 6, , Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity 1, ,500 2, ,899 Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA , , Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA , , Human Accommodations 2, ,043 Clothing 1, , Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items 1, , Totals 21,958 3, ,870 22, ,722 See Section 4 for acronyms. 15

19 Table 2.8 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Advanced Technologies Air Subsystem 1, ,157 4, ,924 Atmospheric Control Atmospheric Pressure Control ISS Atmosphere Revitalization Carbon Dioxide Removal 4BMS / ISS Carbon Dioxide Reduction Sabatier Oxygen Generation SPE / ISS , , , Gaseous Trace Contaminant Control ISS Atmosphere Composition Monitoring Assembly ISS Sample Delivery ISS Airlock Carbon Dioxide Removal n/a Gas Storage Nitrogen Storage Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Cryogenic , , , Fire Detection and Suppression Fire Detection ISS Fire Suppression ISS Biomass Subsystem ,026 12, ,556 Crop Storage Plant Growth Chamber / Salad Machine , , , Food Subsystem 3, ,814 Food Processing, Packaging, and Storage Food Processing 0.00 Food Packaging 0.00 STM Food Storage w/bulk pkg. 3, , Dry Food (neglected) 2, , Thermal Subsystem ,284 1, Temperature and Humidity Control Common Cabin Air Assembly ISS Avionics Air Assembly ISS Atmosphere Circulation ISS Atmospheric Microbial Control ISS Internal Thermal Control See Section 4 for acronyms. 16

20 Table 2. 8 Subsystem Breakdown for Independent Exploration Mission: Surface Habitat Lander using Advanced Technologies (concluded) Waste Subsystem ,558 1, Solid Waste Collection ESDM Solid Waste Processing Combo Solid Waste Treatment , , Solid Waste Processing Tankage Solid Product Quality Monitoring Solid Product Delivery Water Subsystem ,224 2, ,717 Urine / Waste Water Collection ISS Water Recovery Water Treatment Process VPCAR , , , Urine, Hygiene & Potable Water, & Brine Storage Tankage Water Quality Monitoring Product Water Delivery Water Storage Hygiene Water Storage Potable Water Storage Urine Storage Waste Water Storage Extravehicular Activity 1, ,000 1, ,361 Maximum Absorbency Garments Carbon Dioxide Removal (LiOH) Airlock Recycle Pump for EVA , , Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly for EVA Human Accommodations 1, ,498 Clothing Laundry Equipment 0.00 Washer / Dryer Detergent Miscellaneous Items 1, , Totals 10, 540 1, ,842 24, ,449 See Section 4 for acronyms. 17

21 3 REFERENCES Hanford, A. J. (2004) Advanced Life Support Research and Development Metric - Fiscal Year 2004, NASA/CR (JSC 62177, CTSD-ADV-542), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 16 August Yeh, J., Brown, C., and Jeng, F. (2002) Advanced Life Support Sizing Analysis Tool (ALSSAT) v.2.0 User s Guide, LMSEAT 34082, Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Houston, Texas. Yeh, J., Brown, C., and Jeng, F. (2003) Advanced Life Support Sizing Analysis Tool (ALSSAT) v.3.0, MSAD , Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Houston, Texas. Yeh, J., Brown, C., and Jeng, F. (2004) FY04 ALSSAT Upgrade, MSAD , Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Houston, Texas. 4 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 4BMS four-bed molecular sieve ALS Advanced Life Support ALS R&TD Advanced Life Support Research and Development (Metric) ALSSAT Advanced Life Support Sizing Analysis Tool ATCO ambient temperature catalytic oxidizer (for carbon monoxide removal) CM-h crewmember-hour (i.e., the time from a crewmember for an hour.) Combo combination (waste processing approach) consisting of warm-air drying, lyophilization, compaction, and storage ESDM Environmental Control and Life Support Design Model (which is an earlier life support sizing tool) EVA extravehicular activity ISS International Space Station (technology from the environmental control and life support system) kg kilogram (i.e., units of mass.) kw e kilo Watt, electric (i.e., units of electric power.) kw th kilo Watt, thermal (i.e., units of heat transfer rate.) LMC low moisture content (food) m 3 cubic meters (i.e., units of volume.) n/a not applicable pkg. (bulk) packaging SAVD solid amine vacuum desorption SPE solid polymer (water) electrolysis STM Shuttle Training Menu (food system) VPCAR vapor phase catalytic ammonia removal w/ with W e Watt, electric (i.e., units of electric power.) WRS water recovery system W th Watt, thermal (i.e., units of heat transfer rate.) 18