Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Ontario Regulation 102/94

Transcription

1 University of Toronto Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Ontario Regulation 102/94 Prepared for: University of Toronto 27 King s College Circle Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Prepared by: Taylor Purdy, E.I.T Lamont Street Windsor, Ontario, N9E 4X5 Phone: (519) purdyt@uwindsor.ca April 2014

2 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Executive Summary A solid non-hazardous waste audit was conducted at the University of Toronto St. George Campus (U of T) in Toronto, Ontario. A 24-hour sample of waste totalling approximately kg was collected from the facility and audited on December 9-13, Waste was collected from the various waste generation areas in the facility, including cafeterias, offices, public areas, labs, and washrooms. The following list summarizes the average overall waste composition determined from the audit: Other/Non-Recyclables: 49.4% Paper Towels: 14.1% Organics/Food Waste: 11.8% Mixed Papers (fine paper, newsprint, magazines, boxboard) 8.3% Mixed Containers (#1, #2, #5 plastic, glass, aluminum, tetra, gable top) 4.4% Coffee Cups: 4.4% Polystyrene (#6 Plastics/Styrofoam): 3.3% E-Waste / Electronics: 1.7% Scrap Wood: 1.2% Bulky Plastic: 0.7% LDPE Plastic Film: 0.5% Corrugated Cardboard: 0.1% Scrap Metal: 0.1% Through discussions with U of T personnel and service providers, estimates of the annual amounts of waste materials generated were determined. It was estimated that the facility will have generated an approximate total of metric tonnes (MT) of solid non-hazardous waste from May 2012-April Materials diverted from landfill through existing recycling/reuse programs include cardboard, mixed papers, mixed containers (plastics, metals, and glass), scrap wood, scrap metal, paper towel, coffee cups, batteries, light bulbs, electronic goods, yard waste, animal bedding, soil, asphalt, polystyrene, amber bottles, lab glass and plastic, and organics. The total amount of waste material diverted from landfill over this period through existing recycling/reuse programs was approximately MT. The following table summarizes the quantities of wastes reused, recycled and disposed from May 2012-April 2013: Waste Quantities Re-Used, Recycled and Disposed Material Total Quantities (Metric Tonnes) Percent Waste Disposed to Landfill Material Recycled Material Reused Material Reduced Total Waste Generated Diversion Rate i

3 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Based on the total amount of waste generated and materials recycled/reused/reduced, the waste diversion rate through existing programs at U of T is approximately 72.1%. The facility s waste diversion rate exceeds the MOE s provincial objective of 60% diversion to be achieved by year U of T s management team are interested in reducing wastes disposed to landfill and maintaining a high waste diversion rate. ii

4 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Table of Contents Executive Summary...i 1 Introduction 1 2 Pre-Audit Work Auditee Profile Audit Plan Audit Scope Audit Objective Audit Criteria Recommendations and Waste Reduction Workplan Audit Team Identification Confidentiality Audit Work Sheets Acceptance Criteria Sampling 4 3 On-Site Audit Activities Qualitative Activities Pre-Audit Questionnaire Sampling Methods Waste Audit Results (Waste Quantities, Composition, and Distribution) Waste Diversion Programs Waste Disposal Systems Calculations Annualization (Mass Ratio Method) Waste Annual Diversion Rate Waste Annual Capture Rate Year-Over-Year Change in Waste Generation Waste Audit Summary and Waste Reduction Workplan Conclusions and Recommendations...29 Appendices Appendix A... Supporting Documentation Appendix B... Waste Audit Data Appendix C...Waste Audit Summary Appendix D...Waste Reduction Work Plan Appendix E... Waste Processor Certificates of Approval Appendix F... Compactor Audit Results iii

5 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit 1 Introduction A solid non-hazardous waste audit was conducted at the University of Toronto St. George Campus (U of T), located in Toronto, Ontario. U of T is a large multi-building, multi-facility community with approximately 60 thousand students, staff and faculty occupying several major city blocks in over 140 buildings that generate waste and recycling materials. U of T conducted the audit proactively to remain in compliance with O.Reg. 102/94, as well as to achieve certification through the Recycling Council of Ontario's 3R Certified Program. Separation programs are currently implemented at the facility. U of T is interested in waste reduction solutions to reduce the amount of wastes disposed to landfills and reduce their impact on the environment. 2 Pre-Audit Work 2.1 Auditee Profile The University of Toronto St. George Campus (U of T) is a large urban university located in Toronto, Ontario. U of T currently has diversion programs in place for the following items: cardboard mixed papers mixed containers (plastics and metals) scrap wood scrap metal paper towels coffee cups batteries light bulbs electronic goods yard waste animal bedding soil and plants asphalt catch basin material polystyrene amber bottles lab glass lab plastic organics The U of T campus consists of various buildings containing classrooms, laboratories, offices, cafeterias, washrooms, residences, and common areas. U of T remains open and operational (at least in some aspect) for 365 days per year. While some services close for holidays, residences are constantly operational. The campus includes over 140 buildings with a gross floor area of 1,194,166 square meters. U of T occupies a total area of 53.6 hectares in the downtown Toronto area. 56,905 full-time equivalent (FTE) students were enrolled during the school year. According to records, U of T generates 6,238.6 metric tonnes of solid waste annually. 1

6 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Waste Generation Index = (annual weight of solid waste generated / number of FTE attendees) = (6,238.6 MT/year) / (56,905 people) = 0.11 MT/person/year The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code associated with U of T, according to Statistics Canada, is Audit Plan Audit Scope The waste audit was performed from December 9-13, The timeline and specific buildings designated for the audit are as follows: December 9 Max Gluskin House 150 St. George St. Leighton Goldie McCarthy House 45 Walmer Rd. Simcoe Hall 27 King s College Circle December 10 Medical Science Building 1 King s College Circle Lassonde Mining Building 170 College St. Fitzgerald Building 150 College St. December 11 Architecture Building 230 College St. Anthropology Building 19 Russell St. Administration Building 215 Huron St. December 12 Jackman Humanities Building 170 St. George St. Enrolment Services, Admissions and Awards 172 St. George St. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education 252 Bloor St. West December 13 Falconer Hall 84 Queen s Park Flavelle House 78 Queen s Park Edward Johnson Building 80 Queen s Park Lillian Massey Building 125 Queen s Park Within each specified building, waste was audited from washrooms, offices, cafeterias, laboratories, and public areas. The total quantity of waste diverted from landfill through current reduction, reuse, and recycling initiatives at the facility was determined. A waste audit report summarizing the results of the audit, including preparation of a Waste Audit Report Summary and a Waste Reduction Action Plan was completed. 2

7 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Audit Objective The objective is to conduct a study of solid non-hazardous wastes generated by U of T's St. George Campus through regular day-to-day operations. The waste audit will address: the amount, nature, and composition of the waste; the manner by which the waste is generated, including management decisions and policies that relate to the generation of waste; and the way in which the waste is generated Audit Criteria The audit was conducted (and the report was compiled) to follow the Recycling Council of Ontario's Standard Waste Audit Methodology document, as well as to include necessary reporting forms to comply with Ontario Regulation 102/94 ( Waste Audits and Waste Reduction Work Plans ) and Ontario Regulation 103/94 ( Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Source Separation Programs ) Recommendations and Waste Reduction Work Plan Recommendations will be included in the audit report. The findings will be used to develop a waste reduction work plan Audit Team Identification The physical waste audit will be performed by Meg McCallum. The audit report will be prepared by Taylor Purdy Confidentiality During the physical audit and report compilation, the data obtained will be kept strictly confidential. Upon receipt of the report, U of T will publish the document on their website, at which point the information will be made public. 2.3 Audit Work Sheets The following worksheet will be used for all audited buildings and areas: 3

8 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Building Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard) Mixed Containers [PET (#1), Glass, Aluminum Cans, HDPE (#2), PP (#5), Milk, Tetrapak] Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam/Polystyrene Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) E-waste/Electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non-Recyclable Other (make notes on composition) 2.4 Acceptance Criteria U of T has separate collection programs for all the categories listed in the audit worksheet (above). Contamination of recycling bins (putting items into the wrong bin) can negatively affect the recyclability of waste. All recyclables are sent from the campus to a Material Recovery Facility (MRF). Here, contaminants can be removed from the waste stream if the contamination is not severe. For example, if a piece of pizza is placed into the mixed containers recycling bin intended for plastic/metal/glass, this will not prevent the containers from being recycled, as the pizza can be removed. However, if an entire coffee is dumped into the mixed papers recycling bin intended for paper items, this may prevent the paper from being recycled if it is saturated. Another example of contamination is the presence of takeout containers in the organic food waste collection bins. Ideally, all materials should be placed in the right bin, but with an FTE count of over 63,000 students and employees, there will always be a certain degree of contamination. The majority of contamination can be mitigated at the MRF and result in successful recycling of collected materials. 2.5 Sampling The waste will be captured at the source (point-of-generation study). Waste will be collected in clear bags with the following labels to designate the area of generation: Red = Washroom Green = Cafeteria Blue = Office Yellow = Laboratories Black = Public Areas 4

9 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit White = Miscellaneous Each bag of waste removed by janitorial staff over a 24-hour period (the day before each building s designated audit date) will be labelled and set aside to be audited. No extraneous circumstances will affect the volume/quality of waste generated during the audit period. All of the collected waste will be sampled to gain an excellent estimate of the waste composition. 3 On-Site Audit Activities 3.1 Qualitative Activities Pre-Audit Questionnaire 1) Reused and Recycled Content The University of Toronto s current purchasing policy indicates that goods and services must be acquired in a manner that ensures that the University meets its statutory, legal and ethical obligations. The purchase/use of environmentally-friendly/sustainable materials/products is implied in the ethical obligations of the University s purchasing policy. The Purchasing Department is currently pursuing the publication of a specific environmental purchasing policy, though it has yet to be finalized. Once the environmental purchasing policy is finalized, there will be a significant positive shift in the purchasing/procurement of products manufactured with recycled/reused materials. While every effort is currently being made, the purchase of environmentallyfriendly products will increase once there is an overriding policy dictating the need to do so. The University of Toronto is strongly committed to reducing their environmental impact as much as possible. U of T pushes its staff/students significantly to recycle their waste. Recycling bins with effective signage are easily accessible throughout campus, and environmental initiatives are promoted constantly. The school s website is populated with many environmental resources. 2) Base Year The base year for the waste audit reporting is (May-April). 3) Other Inspections, Audits, and Assessments The most recent waste audit was conducted in April ) Waste Generation Index The waste generation index is calculated based on the number of full-time equivalent students during the year of study: 5

10 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Year FTE Students Total Waste Generated (MT) Waste Generation Index (MT/Person/Year) ,905 6, ,017 5, ) Operational Days U of T remains at least partially operational 365 days per year. Residences are constantly operational, while classes and offices do not run on weekends and holidays. 6) Other Materials U of T has recycling programs for several non-traditional materials (ie: soil, animal bedding, asphalt, etc.). These items will most likely not be found in the sampled waste. Records for all of the recycled materials, as listed in the Auditee Profile, will be obtained. 7) A Profile of Each Solid Waste Stream Generated Please see next page. 6

11 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Organics & Food Waste Yard Waste Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Animal Bedding Polystyrene Generated in cafeterias/food service and residence locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated by grounds maintenance operations Generated through woodworking operations Generated through maintenance and metalworking operations Generated in animal laboratory settings Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students. Also found in foam packaging. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy* governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Organic waste only. Presence of takeout food containers, utensils, etc. will contaminate the load. Yard waste only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Wood only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Metal only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Animal bedding only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Polystyrene only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Source Separation Program Composting collection program currently in place. Composting collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7

12 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass Laboratory Plastic Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Coffee Cups Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated in laboratory settings. Generated in laboratory settings. Generated in laboratory settings. Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Plastic/metal/glass only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Laboratory glass only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Laboratory plastic only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Amber bottles only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Plastic only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Coffee cups only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Source Separation Program Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8

13 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers Paper Towels Generated by grounds maintenance operations Generated in all indoor and lighted outdoor areas. Generated in classroom, residence, and office areas Generated in residence and office areas Generated in classroom, residence, and office areas Generated in washrooms U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Soil and plants only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Light bulbs only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. E-waste only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Printer cartridges only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Paper only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Paper towels only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Source Separation Program Composting collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9

14 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Cardboard Shredded Paper Pallets Generated in residence and office areas, and through deliveries Generated in office areas Generated through deliveries U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Cardboard only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Paper only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Pallets only. Source Separation Program Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Reuse program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes Yes Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Concrete Generated through construction projects Generated through construction projects Generated through construction projects U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Asphalt only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Stones, pavers, and screening only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Concrete only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Yes Yes Yes 10

15 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Clean fill Catch basin material Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop - In Campus Furniture Generated through construction or grounds/maintenance projects Generated through water collection (storm drain/sewer). Debris is caught in the catch basin to prevent it from entering the sewer/water system. Generated through everyday campus operations. Anything reusable can be brought to the Swap Shop and is then available for all staff and students to take and use. Generated through everyday campus operations. Anything reusable can be brought to the Swap Shop and is then available for all staff and students to take and use. Generated in common areas/residences/offices U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Paper only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Catch basin material only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Reusable, nonperishable items only. Presence of waste will compromise the integrity of the Swap Shop program. Reusable, nonperishable items only. Presence of waste will compromise the integrity of the Swap Shop program. Furniture only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Source Separation Program Recycling collection program currently in place. Landfill cover collection program currently in place. Reuse program currently in place. Reuse program currently in place. Reuse program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11

16 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material How it s Generated Policies Affecting Generation Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Waste Generated in classrooms, offices, and residence areas Generated at the Aerospace Library through everyday operations Generated in cafeterias/food service areas, offices, residences, common areas, etc. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Acceptance Criteria** Batteries only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. Recyclable materials only. Presence of other material will contaminate the load. No hazardous materials can be sent to landfill. Source Separation Program Recycling collection program currently in place. Recycling collection program currently in place. Landfill collection program currently in place. Divertible in Current Market? Yes Yes No (sent to landfill) *U of T s Environmental Protection Policy can be found at: **Some contamination is normal (when dealing with a large volume of users, there will likely never be 100% compliance with waste disposal), and a certain amount can be removed at the processing site to avoid landfilling the load. Only when a load is severely contaminated can it not be recovered. 12

17 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit The following table illustrates the chain of disposition for each generated material, to the highest level of detail provided by the respective waste service providers: Material Organics & Food Waste Yard Waste Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Transportation Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) York Resource Recovery Ingram Dr. Toronto, ON ( ) York Resource Recovery Ingram Dr. Toronto, ON ( ) Triple M Metal 471 Intermodal Dr. Brampton, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Seacliff Energy 1 Mersea Rd. Leamington, ON ( ) Local markets Local markets Arcelor Mittal Dofasco 1330 Burlington St. East Hamilton, ON ( ) U.S. Steel Canada 386 Wilcox St. Hamilton, ON ( ) Biogas used for electricity generation, sludge is composted or land applied Compost Wood chips, Sawdust (animal bedding) or electricity Reconstituted metals Seacliff Energy creates methane gas from organic waste that is burned to create electricity and the residue is land applied to farms. These processing sites are local and therefore wood does not travel outside of Toronto so there is a low risk of transporting the Ash Boring beetle. Clean wood becomes wood chips or sawdust for animal bedding, or is incinerated to make electricity Metal is shredded and sent to either Dofasco or U.S. Steel to be milled. The end product is reconstituted raw metals. 13

18 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material Animal Bedding Polystyrene Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass Laboratory Plastic Transportation Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Waste Reduction Group Inc. 801 King St. W, PH20 Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Waste Reduction Group Inc. 801 King St. W, PH20 Toronto, ON ( ) Waste Reduction Group Inc. 801 King St. W, PH20 Toronto, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing York Resource Recovery Ingram Dr. Toronto, ON ( ) Canada Fibers 130 Arrow Rd. North York, ON ( ) Canada Fibers 130 Arrow Rd. North York, ON ( ) Recycling Solutions Inc. 123 Eastside Dr. Suite #2 Etobicoke, ON ( ) Canada Fibers 130 Arrow Rd. North York, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Local markets Various mills Various mills Dlubak Glass Company County Hwy 110 Sandusky, OH ( ) Various mills Electricity Reconstituted polystyrene Variety of end uses Reconstituted glass Reconstituted plastic It is mixed with other low grade wood and incinerated to generate electricity. Gets baled and shipped to Asia and extruded back into polystyrene. All materials are source separated, such as glass, metal, and plastic, baled or crushed, and sent to their respective recycling facilities and mills. Lab glass is crushed and made into various new, reconstituted glass products. Baled and shipped to Asia and extruded into other plastic 14

19 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Coffee Cups Soil & Plants Light Bulbs Transportation Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Waste Reduction Group Inc. 801 King St. W, PH20 Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Aevitas Inc. 36 Adams Blvd. Brantford, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) Canada Fibers 130 Arrow Rd. North York, ON ( ) Canada Fibers 130 Arrow Rd. North York, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) Aevitas Inc. 36 Adams Blvd. Brantford, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Various. See notes for explanation. Various mills Various mills Local farm Various. See notes for explanation. Reconstituted glass Mixed plastics Cardboard Clean fill Various. See notes for explanation. Sent to recycling facilities in Ontario which specialize in the detailed sorting required, then sent to recyclers in Canada and the US to make reconstituted glass products. Sorted into plastic types, baled and shipped to local and International sites where it is ground, chipped or flaked and extruded into plastic pellets to be used as raw material in the manufacturing of plastic products. The lids are removed; the cups are baled, and shipped to a wet strength mill, where they are made into paper products. Small amounts are also blended into cardboard as it is being re-pulped. The soil and plants are sent to a farm or used as clean fill. Bulbs are crushed and separated into their components: mercury-rich phosphor powder, crushed glass, and metal. Glass is sold to the fiberglass industry. Metal is sold to scrap recyclers. The mercury-rich phosphor powder is sent to Bethlehem Apparatus, where they separate the mercury from the phosphor powder. The mercury is sold for use in chlorine/caustic soda, switch, semi-conductors, fluorescent lighting, and dental amalgam. The remaining phosphor powder is landfilled, but they re currently investigating the opportunity to reuse it. 15

20 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material E-waste Printer Cartridges and some E-waste Mixed Papers Paper Towels Cardboard Shredded Paper Transportation Electronics Recycling Services 2450 Lawrence Ave E, Scarborough, ON ( ) GreenTec 95 Struck Court Cambridge, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing Recycling Solutions Inc. 123 Eastside Dr. Suite #2 Etobicoke, ON ( ) GreenTec 95 Struck Court Cambridge, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Various. See notes for explanation. Various mills Various. See notes for explanation. Various. See notes for explanation. Various. See notes for explanation. Various. See notes for explanation. Various. See notes for explanation. Reconstituted plastic and metal products, new ink cartridges Reconstituted paper Reconstituted paper Reconstituted cardboard Reconstituted paper Cardboard is baled and shipped to a couple of local mills (Sonoco and Atlantic). LDPE is baled and sold to various end processors (mainly bag manufacturers). HIPS trays are baled and shipped to the Meyers Group in the U.S. where they are made into auto parts. Low grade plastic is shipped to Canadian Plastic Lumber. Polystyrene is baled and sold to CPRA or other markets. E-waste is stripped down to its component parts and these materials are recycled into new plastic and metal products. Ink cartridges are refilled and reused. Mixed papers are sent to pulp and paper mills in Canada and China where they are recycled into new paper products. Paper towels are sent to pulp and paper mills in Canada and China where they are recycled into new paper products. Cardboard sent to pulp and paper mills in Canada and the US where it is recycled into new cardboard products. Shredded papers are sent to pulp and paper mills in Canada and China where they are recycled into new paper products. 16

21 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material Pallets Mixed Plastics Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Concrete Clean fill Transportation U of T reuses pallets, so they remain on campus Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) U of T reuses asphalt, so it remains on campus U of T reuses stones, pavers, and screening, so they remain on campus Civil Underground & Excavation Company Ltd. 87 Thornmount Dr. Scarborough, ON ( ) Wasteco 161 Bridgeland Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing U of T Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) U of T U of T Civil Underground & Excavation Company Ltd. 87 Thornmount Dr. Scarborough, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes U of T Various. See notes for explanation. U of T U of T Civil Underground & Excavation Company Ltd. Storage Field Pickering, ON Reused as pallet Reconstituted plastic Reconstituted asphalt. Stones, pavers, and screening are reused on campus for various projects. Aggregate for various projects. Pallets are reused. Mixed plastics are sent to a number of plastic recycling facilities in Canada and China where they are granulated and recycled into new plastic products. Asphalt is recycled on-site (at U of T) and reapplied throughout campus. Stones, pavers, and screening remain on campus and are reused for other projects. Civil Underground & Excavation is an excavation contracting company. U of T s concrete is used as aggregate for Civil Underground s projects. Local farm Clean fill Clean fill is reapplied to land. 17

22 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material Catch basin material Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop - In Campus Furniture Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Transportation Ontario Sewer Services 955 Roselawn Ave. Toronto, Ontario ( ) U of T reuses Swap Shop items, so they remain on campus U of T reuses Swap Shop items, so they remain on campus U of T reuses furniture, so it remains on campus Clean Harbors 701 Evans St. Etobicoke, ON ( ) Waste Reduction Group Inc. 801 King St. W, PH20 Toronto, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing Ontario Sewer Services 955 Roselawn Ave. Toronto, Ontario ( ) U of T U of T U of T Clean Harbors 701 Evans St. Etobicoke, ON ( ) Wasteco Orenda Recycling Center 150 Orenda Rd Brampton, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Landfill U of T U of T U of T Raw Materials 17 Invertose Dr. Port Colborne, ON ( ) Various. See notes for explanation. Landfill Swap Shop items are reused by staff and students. Swap Shop items are reused by staff and students. Campus furniture is reused on campus Reconstituted materials Reconstituted materials Ontario Sewer Services dries out the catch basin material, and then sends it to landfill. The Swap Shop is a place where miscellaneous reusable items (for example, clothing, pencils, books, etc.) are brought and are available for all staff/students to take and reuse. The Swap Shop is a place where miscellaneous reusable items (for example, clothing, pencils, books, etc.) are brought and are available for all staff/students to take and reuse. Furniture remains on campus for reuse. Batteries are broken down into component parts. The paper, plastic, and metal are recycled into new materials and sold to local markets. Mixed papers are sent to pulp and paper mills in Canada and China where they are recycled into new paper products. Mixed plastics are sent to a number of plastic recycling facilities in Canada and China where they are granulated and recycled into new plastic products. 18

23 U of T Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit Material Waste Transportation Reliable Waste Management 140 Planchet Rd. Vaughan, ON ( ) Receiving/ Storage/ Processing GFL Unwin Waste Transfer 100 Unwin Ave. Toronto, ON ( ) End Site Final Use Notes Carlton Farms Landfill Landfill Waste is hauled to Carlton Farms Landfill ( ), both located in Michigan. See Appendix E for Certificates of Approval from all eligible waste processors. 19

24 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January Sampling Methods The waste collected for the audit was sorted per bag, according to the following methodology: 1) It was reaffirmed that the materials met the pre-determined acceptance criteria. If the acceptance criteria was not met, this finding was recorded 2) The bag of waste was weighed and the weight was recorded 3) The origin of the waste was recorded 4) The intended destination of material was recorded (in this case, the destination was landfill, as only trash bags were audited) 5) The waste bag was opened and observed for overall content 6) Divertible items were removed and segregated into material categories (#1 plastic, aluminum cans, fine paper, etc.) 7) These divertible material categories were weighed and their individual weights were recorded 8) The weight of the remaining non-divertible items was taken as the remaining weight after the divertible items were removed 9) This was repeated for each collected waste bag 10) Following the sort, recyclables were set aside for recycling, and waste was sent to landfill 11) On December 2-6, 2013, visual inspections of waste compactor loads were conducted to identify obvious divertible wastes that do not belong in the trash. Emphasis was placed on recyclable materials, large and special items such as furniture, electronics, scrap metals, construction waste, large plastic items, and source separated recyclables that should not have been thrown in the garbage compactor by staff. This optional auditing goes above and beyond RCO and O.Reg. requirements. Compactor audit results can be found in Appendix F. 4 Waste Audit Results (Waste Quantities, Composition, and Distribution) One of the key aspects of O. Reg. 102/94 is for waste generators to gain a good understanding of the areas of their operation that generate the most waste, how it is generated, and to determine its composition. In doing so, the generator can become aware of what waste stream categories require attention for improvement. A kg sample was sorted for the audit. The breakdown of the overall waste sorted during the audit is summarized below: 20

25 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 Waste Generated Overall Subsample Waste Quantities Waste Category U of T kg % Other/Non-Recyclables: Paper Towels: Organics/Food Waste: Mixed Papers (fine paper, newsprint, Magazines, boxboard) Mixed Containers (#1, #2, #5 plastic, glass, aluminum, tetra, gable top) Coffee Cups: Polystyrene (#6 Plastics, Styrofoam): E-Waste / Electronics: Scrap Wood: Bulky Plastics: LDPE Plastic Film: Scrap Metal: Corrugated Cardboard: Total Waste Sampled Figure 1 summarizes the average overall composition of waste generated at U of T based on the waste sample collected in December 2013: Figure 1: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Winter 2013 Composition of Waste Disposed to Landfill (Based on 24 Hour Sample) E-Waste 1.7% Polystyrene 3.3% Coffee Cups 4.4% Scrap Wood 1.2% Bulky Plastics 0.7% LDPE Plastic Film 0.5% Cardboard 0.1% Scrap Metal 0.1% Mixed Containers 4.4% Mixed Papers 8.3% Non-Recyclable 49.4% Organics 11.8% Paper Towels 14.1% 21

26 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 Summary tables, including waste compositions by generation area and building, weights and percentages, are included in Appendix B. Based on the total amount of waste audited, the largest primary categories (i.e. > 5%) of waste generated at the different areas of the facility were as follows: Cafeterias o Non-Recyclable Items: 47.1% o Organics: 28.0% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 10.8% o Coffee Cups: 6.5% Offices o Non-Recyclable Items: 38.2% o Paper Towels: 23.3% o Mixed Papers fine paper, newsprint, o magazines, boxboard: 20.9% o Organics: 7.6% Public Areas o Non-Recyclable Items: 57.7% o Organics: 16.6% o Polystyrene: 5.7% o Coffee cups: 5.6% o Mixed Containers PET, glass, aluminum cans, HDPE, PP, Tetra, Gable Top: 5.5% Washrooms o Paper towels: 71.3% o Mixed Papers fine paper, newsprint, magazines, boxboard: 14.3% o Electronics: 11.5% Labs o Non-Recyclable Items: 87.6% Miscellaneous o Non-Recyclable Items: 61.8% o Organics: 17.7% o Coffee cups: 12.2% 22

27 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 U of T currently has recycling/diversion programs implemented for all of the recyclable material found in the waste. The most predominant categories of recyclables in the waste sample were paper towels (14.1%), organics (11.8%), mixed papers (8.3%), mixed containers (4.4%), coffee cups (4.4%), and polystyrene (3.3%). U of T may wish to review its collection procedures and promote recycling initiatives throughout campus. O.Reg. 103/94 requires that educational institutions source separate the following materials (at a minimum): Aluminum food or beverage cans (including cans made primarily of aluminum) Cardboard (corrugated) Fine paper Glass bottles and jars for food or beverages Newsprint Steel food or beverage cans (including cans made primarily of steel) Figure 2 compares the quantity of these mandatory recyclable materials compared to other recyclable materials found in the 24-hr sample, as well as non-recyclable materials. Figure 2: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario % of Recyclables in Waste Sample: O.Reg. 103/94 vs. Other Recyclables vs. Non-Recyclables 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Non-Recyclable Other Recyclables Mandatory Recyclables Approximately 12.8% of the total 24-hr waste sample was made up of mandatory recyclables per O.Reg. 103/94. The largest component of the mandatory recyclable group was mixed papers (approximately 8.3% of the entire sample). Approximately 37.8% of the sample consisted of Other Recyclables (items that can be recycled, but are not mandatory under 23

28 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 O.Reg. 103/94). The largest components of the Other Recyclable group were paper towels (14.1%) and organics (11.4%). U of T may wish to investigate the opportunity to promote/enforce existing recycling programs for these materials to cut down on waste sent to landfill. Approximately 49.4% of the waste sample consisted of non-recyclable items. 5 Waste Diversion Programs As part of the waste audit, discussions were held with U of T personnel to gain an understanding of the waste diversion practices currently in place at the facility. The table below summarizes the amount of waste diverted from landfills due to the recycling/reuse initiatives implemented at the facility. Waste Diversion Summary Waste Category Recycled/Reused/Reduced Quantity (MT) Mixed Paper Recycled Paper Towels Recycled 49.1 Miscellaneous Paper Recycled 0.13 Cardboard Recycled Paper Shredding Recycled Scrap Metal Recycled Scrap Wood Recycled Yard waste Recycled Animal bedding Recycled Soil & plants Recycled Plant & tree use, composting Recycled 20.0 Grass & wood mulch Recycled 88.0 Asphalt Recycled Catch Basin Material Reused 80.0 Stone, pavers & screening Reused 40.0 Soil from construction projects Recycled Concrete from construction Recycled Clean fill Recycled Swap Shop - Out, including pad Reused In Swap Reused 12.0 Campus Furniture Projects Reused Pallets Reused 12.0 Batteries Recycled 2.99 Fluorescents Recycled 8.15 Polystyrene Recycled 4.08 Organics Recycled Aero. Misc. pick ups Recycled Chestnut Organics Recycled Chestnut bottles and cans Recycled M. Hall bottles and cans Recycled Bottles and cans Recycled Coffee cups Recycled

29 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 Amber bottles Recycled 5.76 Computers, equipment, disks, cartridges Recycled Mixed plastics Recycled Lab glass & plastic est. Recycled Recycling pulled from landfill Recycled Reduction through various programs Reduced Therefore, the total amount of waste material diverted from landfill from May 2012-April 2013 was approximately MT. 6 Waste Disposal Systems Based on the information provided by U of T, approximately MT of solid non-hazardous waste was disposed from the site to landfill from May 2012-April Wastes are collected throughout the facility and transferred into various compactors located throughout campus. 7 Calculations 7.1 Annualization (Mass Ratio Method) Annualization calculations determine the amount of divertible waste that is sent to landfill each year: m = (Ts/Tc)(Tt) + Tr m = total annual mass of material category sent to landfill Ts = total material per category found in waste sample Tc = total mass of waste sample Tt = total mass of landfilled waste (as indicated by records) Tr = total mass of material category not found in audit sample, but which can be proven by records Material Category Ts (MT) Tc (MT) Ts/Tc Tt (MT) Tr (MT) m (MT) Mixed Papers Mixed Containers Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam

30 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 Organic Food Waste Paper Towels E-waste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Waste Annual Diversion Rate Waste Diversion Rate is the percentage of waste materials that a facility diverts from landfill due to reduce, reuse and recycling (i.e. 3Rs) initiatives versus the total amount of waste generated (i.e. 3Rs plus landfilled). According to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Waste Diversion Rate is calculated as follows: Total Waste Diverted(3Rs) Waste DiversionRate * 100% Total Waste Generated = ( MT / MT) * 100 = 72.1% Based on the total amount of waste generated, as well as materials recycled and reused, the annual waste diversion rate through existing programs at U of T is approximately 72.1%. The following table summarizes the overall quantities of wastes disposed, recycled and reused at U of T. The MOE s provincial objective is 60% waste diversion to be achieved by Waste Quantities Disposed, Recycled, Reduced & Reused Material Total Quantities (Metric Tonnes) Percent Waste Disposed to Landfill Material Recycled Material Reused Material Reduced Total Waste Generated Diversion Rate

31 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 Landfilled 27.9% Figure 3: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Winter 2013 Waste Audit Summary Reduced 2.0% Reused 3.4% Recycled 66.7% 7.3 Waste Annual Capture Rate Waste Capture Rate is the percentage of divertible materials that a facility recycles/reuses/reduces compared to the total amount of divertible waste generated. Total Waste Diverted(3Rs) WasteCaptureRate *100% Total DivertibleWaste Generated = ( MT / MT) * 100 = 83.0% Based on the total amount of divertible waste generated and the actual weight of diverted items, the annual waste capture rate through existing programs at U of T is approximately 83.0%. The total amount of divertible waste generated was calculated by adding the landfilled weights of divertible materials (calculated through annualization in section 7.1) to the weights of materials actually diverted (through records). 27

32 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January Year-Over-Year Change in Waste Generation Waste Generation Index (Current Year): Ic = Total Mass of Waste Generated in Number of FTE Students in = (6,238.6 MT) / (56,905 students = MT/student Waste Generation per Unit (Current Year): Ac = Total Mass of Waste Generated in Waste Generation Index for = 6,238.6 MT / (0.110 MT/student) = 56,714.5 Waste Generation Index (Previous Year): Ip = Total Mass of Waste Generated in Number of FTE Students in = (5,812.8 MT) / (56,017 students) = MT/student Waste Generation per Unit (Previous Year): Ap = Total Mass of Waste Generated in Waste Generation Index for = 5,812.8 MT / (0.104 MT/student) = 55,892.3 Year-Over-Year Change in Waste Generation per Unit: P = (-1)(Ap Ac) = (-1)(55, ,714.5) = Percentage Change per Unit Year-Over-Year Comparison % P = ( P/Ap)*100 = (822.2/ )*100 = 1.47% These calculations indicate that in the year, there was an increase in waste generation per student of 1.47% over the year. 28

33 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January Waste Audit Summary & Waste Reduction Work Plan Refer to Appendix C and Appendix D for the Waste Audit Summary and the Waste Reduction Work Plan, respectively. The last page of each set of forms in the appendices need to be signed by an authorized person at the facility. According to O.Reg. 102/94, the Waste Reduction Work Plan (Appendix D) or a summary of the plan must be posted at the facility in a place where employees can review it. If a summary is posted, the entire Work Plan should also be made available for review by any employee upon request. 9 Conclusions & Recommendations The audit objectives were successfully fulfilled. A study of solid non-hazardous wastes generated by U of T St. George Campus through regular day-to-day operations was conducted. The waste audit addressed: the amount, nature, and composition of the waste; the manner by which the waste is generated, including management decisions and policies that relate to the generation of waste; and the way in which the waste is generated. The audit sampling period represented normal operations at U of T. There were no limitations or anomalies that would affect generated waste. Based on the results of the solid non-hazardous waste audit conducted for U of T, the following conclusions can be made. Recommendations presented below are intended to assist U of T in maximizing their waste diversion potential at the facility. From May 2012-April 2013, U of T generated approximately tonnes of waste, disposing approximately MT in landfills and diverting approximately MT through recycling, reuse, and reduction programs. This represents a waste diversion rate of approximately 72.1%. The MOE s provincial objective for waste diversion is 60% to be achieved by the year 2008, and U of T has far exceeded this value, which is impressive for an institution of their size. Approximately 8.3% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of mixed papers (fine paper, newspaper, magazines, and boxboard). An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/student education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Mixed papers are a mandatory recyclable material according to O.Reg.103/94. Approximately 4.4% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of mixed containers (steel and aluminum cans, #1, #2, and #5 plastics, tetra pack, and gable top). An 29

34 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/student education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Recycling programs for mixed containers can be easily improved and they can achieve a high capture rate. Approximately 4.4% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of coffee cups. An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/student education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Approximately 14.1% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of paper towels. An existing recycling program is in place at U of T for this material. This result suggests that a better collection system may be required including more collection boxes and clearer signs. In addition, employee/student education programs may be required to help increase awareness of the existing program, and to increase the capture rate of this material. Approximately 11.8% of the total waste disposed to landfill consisted of organics. U of T currently employs an organics collection program, but the capture rates are not ideal. This is largely due to the fact that much of the food waste was found in take-out containers, and students do not take the time to separate their organics from the container or to put either (food waste or the container) into the proper collection bin. It may be beneficial for U of T to consider switching to compostable take-out containers at all food services locations on campus. The containers could then go directly into the organics collection bins along with the food waste, no separation required. Make use of multi-compartment containers (i.e. recycling depots) for waste collection and recycling as much as possible. We recommend eliminating all lone garbage bins and only having garbage bins that are attached to or close to multi-compartment recycling containers. This practice has excellent results in improving recycling capture rates. Increase awareness of new and existing recycling programs at U of T through staff and student education programs. Such programs can include brief training programs as well as placement of posters in strategic locations around the building in worker areas. Staff should evaluate, improve and expand the waste reduction systems in their own areas. Management should actively seek out opinions and ideas from employees on issues relating to recycling programs. Employee and student involvement will generate cooperation and enthusiasm. A suggestion box may be helpful in communicating employee concerns and suggestions when developing or changing existing diversion programs. Add and maintain signs at recycling depots to assist staff and students in sorting wastes easily and correctly. Signs should be easily visible and instructive, such as those having 30

35 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 pictograms. The following is an example of pictogram signs that have significantly helped to improve recycling rates at many facilities: Such signs are inexpensive (costing approximately $5 per sign), can be custom made depending on what can and what can t be recycled in the Toronto area. Signs are a very effective method of increasing participation, reducing contamination and increasing material capture rates. Provide easy access to contact information for help with questions regarding all recycling programs. Each recycling program should have as much consistency as possible across the entire campus. Ensure U of T s Environmental Policy is clearly displayed to emphasize the facility s commitment to environmental stewardship, which can also be demonstrated in its newsletters, brochures, annual reports and contracts. Regular newsletters promoting the campus waste reduction programs, goals and concerns will increase employee/student cooperation. All recyclables and wastes should be collected in clear plastic garbage bags instead of black plastic garbage bags. This allows maintenance staff to monitor waste collection, as well as to ensure that separated waste streams are disposed of in the correct containers. It is recommended that desk side recycling bins for paper collection be added in all office/administrative areas. Side saddles can be added to each recycling bin for waste. This forces staff to think about where they dispose of their waste. Larger paper bins should be positioned in central office/administrative areas to allow workers to dispose of papers collected in smaller desk-side bins. Support and encourage the purchase and use of environmentally friendly, reusable or recyclable materials and packaging, and/or those that contain recycled content. This is applicable to U of T s office paper and paper towel purchases. According to O.Reg. 102/94, the Waste Reduction Work Plan (Appendix D) or a summary of the plan must be posted at the facility in a place where employees can review it. If a summary is posted, the entire Waste Reduction Work Plan should also be made available for review by any of the facility employees upon request. 31

36 Winter 2013 Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Audit University of Toronto January 2014 According to O.Reg. 102/94, the waste audit and waste reduction work plan must be updated on an annual basis. According to O.Reg. 102/94, a report of the waste audit and waste reduction work plan must be retained on file for a minimum of five years. Ensure that the waste diversion program has the full support of U of T s management team. U of T boasts an impressive waste diversion rate, and employs a wide variety of diversion techniques. This is very impressive for an institution of their size (generally, the more people involved, the harder it is to control the proper disposal of waste), and should be commended. 32

37 Appendix A Supporting Documentation

38 Scale Calibration Certificate

39 Appendix B Waste Audit Data

40 24-Hour Sample Data Max Gluskin House Washroom Cafeteria Public Areas Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Leighton Goldie McCarthy House Washroom Offices Public Areas Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

41 Simcoe Hall Washroom Offices Public Areas Cafeteria Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Medical Science Building Washroom Cafeteria Public Areas Labs Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

42 Lassonde Mining Building Public Areas Offices Labs Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Fitzgerald Building Offices Washrooms Labs Public Areas Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

43 Architecture Building Washroom Offices Public Areas Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Anthropology Building Cafeteria Labs Washrooms Offices Public Areas Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

44 Administration Building Offices Public Areas Offices Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Jackman Humanities Building Washroomaneous Areas Miscell- Public Cafeterias Labs Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

45 Enrolment Services, Admissions and Awards Washrooms Public Areas Offices Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Ontario Institute for Studies in Education Public Areas Washrooms Offices Cafeteria Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

46 Falconer Hall Public Areas Washrooms Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Flavelle House Offices Public Areas Washrooms Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

47 Edward Johnson Building Washrooms Miscellaneous Public Areas Offices Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other Lillian Massey Building Public Areas Offices Total Amount of Waste (kg) Amount of Waste Sorted (kg) Mixed Papers (Fine Paper, Newsprint, Magazines Boxboard, etc) Mixed Containers (PET (#1), Glass, Al Cans, HDPE (#2), Polypro (#5), Milk, Tetra, etc) Corrugated Cardboard Coffee Cups Styrofoam Organic Food Waste Paper Towels (Washroom Only) ewaste/electronics Metal Wood LDPE Plastic Films Non Recyclable Other

48 Appendix C Waste Audit Summary

49 Ministry of the Environment Waste Form Report of a Waste Audit Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Establishments As required by O. Reg. 102/94 This report must be prepared 6 months after becoming subject to O. Reg. 102/94 and a copy retained on file for at least five years after it is prepared, and be made available to the ministry upon request. I. GENERAL INFORMATION Name of Owner and/or Operator of Entity(ies) and Company Name: University of Toronto Name of Contact Person: Telephone #: Reno Strano Street Address(es) of Entity(ies): 27 King s College Circle Municipality: Toronto, Ontario Type of Entity (check one) Retail Shopping Establishments address: reno.strano@utoronto.ca Hotels and Motels Retail Shopping Complexes Hospitals Office Buildings Educational Institutions x Restaurants Large Manufacturing Establishments Note: O. Reg. 102/94 does not apply to multi-unit residential buildings. II. DESCRIPTION OF ENTITY Provide a brief overview of the entity(ties): The University of Toronto is a large multi-building, multi-facility community that has approximately 60 thousand students, staff and faculty occupying several major city blocks with over 140 buildings that generate waste and recycling materials. U of T is required to conduct an annual waste audit since it satisfies Part X of Ontario Regulation ( O. Reg. ) 102/94 Waste Audits and Waste Reduction Workplans ( O. Reg.102/94 ) which requires educational institutions to conduct waste audits and prepare waste reduction plans on an annual basis if the location or campus has more than 350 full or part-time persons enrolled during the calendar year.

50 III. HOW WASTE IS PRODUCED AND DECISIONS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF WASTE For each category of waste listed below, describe how the waste is generated and what management decisions or policies affect waste generation. Categories of Waste Organics & Food Waste Yard Waste How Waste is Generated Generated in cafeterias/food service and residence locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated by grounds maintenance operations What Management Decisions/Policies Affect Waste Generation? U of T s Environmental Protection Policy* governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Animal Bedding Polystyrene Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Coffee Cups Generated through woodworking operations Generated through construction projects/maintenance Generated through animal research facilities Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students. Also found in foam packaging. Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated in laboratory settings. Generated in laboratory settings. Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students Generated in cafeterias/food service locations on campus, or brought in by staff/students U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste.

51 Categories of Waste Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers Paper Towels Cardboard Shredded Paper Pallets Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Concrete How Waste is Generated Generated by grounds maintenance operations Generated in all indoor and lighted outdoor areas. Generated in classroom, residence, and office areas Generated in residence and office areas Generated in classroom, residence, and office areas Generated in washrooms Generated in residence and office areas, and through deliveries Generated in office areas Generated through deliveries Generated through construction projects Generated through construction projects Generated through construction projects What Management Decisions/Policies Affect Waste Generation? U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste.

52 Categories of Waste Clean fill Catch basin material Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop In Campus Furniture Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Waste How Waste is Generated Generated through construction or grounds/maintenance projects Generated through water collection (storm drain/sewer). Debris is caught in the catch basin to prevent it from entering the sewer/water system. Swap Shop is a place for staff/students to drop off/take reusable items. Generated throughout campus. Swap Shop is a place for staff/students to drop off/take reusable items. Generated throughout campus. Generated in common areas/residences/offices Generated in classrooms, offices, and residence areas Generated at the Aerospace Library. Generated in cafeterias/food service areas, offices, residences, common areas, etc. What Management Decisions/Policies Affect Waste Generation? U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste. U of T s Environmental Protection Policy governs the generation and handling of all solid waste.

53 IV. MANAGEMENT OF WASTE For each category of waste listed below, indicate which waste items will be disposed or reused/recycled and how. each item will Category be managed at the entity(ies). Waste to be Disposed Reused or Recycled Waste Organics & Food Waste Yard Waste Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Animal Bedding Polystyrene Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Composting program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Organics compost program currently in place.. Coffee Cups Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Recycling program currently in place.

54 Category Waste to be Disposed Reused or Recycled Waste Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers Paper Towels Cardboard Shredded Paper Pallets Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Taken away by contractors. Reused where possible or recycled Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Reuse program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Concrete Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Recycling program currently in place.

55 Category Waste to be Disposed Reused or Recycled Waste Clean fill Catch basin material Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop In Campus Furniture Batteries Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Catch basin material is wellcontrolled, as only the vendor can suck it out of the sewer. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. Recycling program currently in place. Catch basin material is considered reused. It is collected, dried out, and used as landfill cover. This prevents fresh soil from being dug to use as landfill cover. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Recycling program currently in place. Aero. Misc. pick ups Non-Recyclable Waste Some may erroneously be placed into a trash bin and go to landfill. All non-recyclable waste placed into trash bins will go to landfill. Recycling program currently in place. Non-recyclable waste will not be recycled. If non-recyclable waste is placed into recycling bins, it will contaminate the load and must be removed at processing facility.

56 V. ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF WASTE PRODUCED ANNUALLY Estimated Amount of Waste Produced (Tonnes) Generated Reused/Reduced Recycled Disposed Categories of Waste A Base Year B Current Year C Change (B-A) A Base Year B Current Year C Change (B-A) A Base Year B Current Year C Change (B-A) A Base Year B Current Year C Change (B-A) Organics & Food Waste 1, , Yard Waste Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Animal Bedding Polystyrene Bottles & Cans & Mixed Plastic Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles Coffee Cups Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste + Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers (incl. shredded) Paper Towels Cardboard Pallets Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Concrete (construction) Clean fill Catch basin material Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop In

57 Campus Furniture Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Non-Recyclable Waste Other 1, Total Percent Change +39.0% +10.9% +53.8% +11.2% (total C total A x 100 ) *Note: On top of the specific material categories mentioned in the above table, U of T s waste provider pulled an additional MT of recyclables from landfill (sometimes cleaners accidentally put bags of recycling in the waste dumpster), and tonnes of miscellaneous materials were reduced through various reduction projects during the school year.

58 VI. EXTENT TO WHICH MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS USED OR SOLD BY THE ENTITY CONSIST OF RECYCLED OR REUSED MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS Please answer the following questions (and please attach any additional page(s) as required): 1. Do you have a management policy in place that promotes the purchasing and/or use of materials or products that consist of recycled and/or reused materials or products? If yes, please describe. The University of Toronto s current purchasing policy indicates that goods and services must be acquired in a manner that ensures that the University meets its statutory, legal and ethical obligations. The purchase/use of environmentallyfriendly/sustainable materials/products is implied in the ethical obligations of the University s purchasing policy. The Purchasing Department is currently pursuing the publication of a specific environmental purchasing policy, though it has yet to be finalized. 2. Do you have plans to increase the extent to which materials or products used or sold consist of recycled or reused materials or products? If yes, please describe. Once the environmental purchasing policy is finalized, there will be a significant positive shift in the purchasing/procurement of products manufactured with recycled/reused materials. While every effort is currently being made, the purchase of environmentally-friendly products will increase once there is an overriding policy dictating the need to do so. The University of Toronto is strongly committed to reducing their environmental impact as much as possible. I hereby certify that the information provided in this Report of Waste Audit is complete and correct. Signature of authorized official: Title: Date:

59 Appendix D Waste Reduction Workplan

60 Ministry of The Environment Waste Form Report of a Waste Reduction Work Plan Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Establishments As required by O. Reg. 102/94 This report must be prepared 6 months after becoming subject to O. Reg. 102/94 and a copy retained on file for at least five years after it is prepared, and be made available to the ministry upon request. I. GENERAL INFORMATION Name of Owner and/or Operator of Entity(ies) and Company Name: University of Toronto Name of Contact Person: Telephone #: Reno Strano Street Address(es) of Entity(ies): 27 King s College Circle Municipality: Toronto, Ontario Type of Entity (check one) Retail Shopping Establishments address: reno.strano@utoronto.ca Hotels and Motels Retail Shopping Complexes Hospitals Office Buildings Educational Institutions x Restaurants Large Manufacturing Establishments Note: O. Reg. 102/94 does not apply to multi-unit residential buildings. II. DESCRIPTION OF ENTITY Provide a brief overview of the entity(ties): The University of Toronto is a large multi-building, multi-facility community that has approximately 60 thousand students, staff and faculty occupying several major city blocks with over 140 buildings that generate waste and recycling materials. U of T is required to conduct an annual waste audit since it satisfies Part X of Ontario Regulation ( O. Reg. ) 102/94 Waste Audits and Waste Reduction Workplans ( O. Reg.102/94 ) which requires educational institutions to conduct waste audits and prepare waste reduction plans on an annual basis if the location or campus has more than 350 full or part-time persons enrolled during the calendar year.

61 III. PLANS TO REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE WASTE For each category of waste described in Part V of Report of a Waste Audit (on which this plan is based), explain what your plans are to Reduce, Reuse and Recycle the waste, including: 1) how the waste will be source separated at the establishment, and 2) the programs to reduce, reuse and recycle all source separated waste. Categories of Waste (as stated in Part V of Source Separation and 3Rs Program your Report of a Waste Audit ) Organics 3Rs Program Reduce: None Organics & Food Waste Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Yard Waste 3Rs Program Reduce: None Yard Waste Reuse: None Recycle: Grounds staff will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Scrap Wood 3Rs Program Reduce: None Scrap Wood Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Scrap Metal 3Rs Program Reduce: None Scrap Metal Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Animal Bedding 3Rs Program Reduce: None Animal Bedding Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Polystyrene 3Rs Program Reduce: None Polystyrene Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Bottles & Cans 3Rs Program Reduce: Staff/students will be encouraged to use a reusable water Bottles & Cans bottle instead of purchasing a disposable plastic one. Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Laboratory Glass and Plastic 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Amber Bottles 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Mixed Plastics 3Rs Program Reduce: Staff/students will be encouraged to use a reusable water bottle instead of purchasing a disposable plastic one. Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs.

62 Categories of Waste (as stated in Part V of your Report of a Waste Audit ) Coffee Cups Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers Paper Towels Cardboard Shredded Paper Pallets Asphalt Source Separation and 3Rs Program Coffee Cups 3Rs Program Reduce: Staff/students will be encouraged to use a travel mug instead of a paper cup. Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Soil & Plants 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Grounds staff will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Light Bulb 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. E-waste 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Printer Cartridge 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Mixed Paper 3Rs Program Reduce: Staff/Students will be encouraged to print on both sides of paper to reduce the number of pages used. Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Paper Towel 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Cardboard 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Shredded Paper 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Pallets 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: Receiving staff/students will be reminded of the existing reuse program. Recycle: None. Asphalt 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff and contractors will be reminded of existing recycling programs.

63 Categories of Waste (as stated in Part V of your Report of a Waste Audit ) Stone, pavers & screening Concrete Clean fill Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop In Campus Furniture Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Waste Source Separation and 3Rs Program Stone, Pavers & Screening 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: Staff and contractors will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Recycle: None Concrete 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff and contractors will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Clean Fill 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff and contractors will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Swap Shop - Out 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Recycle: None Swap Shop In 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Recycle: None Campus Furniture 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Recycle: None Batteries 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: The use of rechargeable batteries will be encouraged. Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. Aero. Misc. Pickups 3Rs Program Reduce: None Reuse: None Recycle: Staff/students will be reminded of existing recycling programs. All non-recyclable waste is sent to landfill, including catch basin material. Note: U of T already employs 3R programs for all possible recyclable items. The purpose of the 3R recommendations is to ensure the continuance of successful diversion of recyclable waste from landfill. IV. RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE WASTE REDUCTION WORK PLAN Identify who is responsible for implementing the Waste Reduction Work Plan at your entity(ies). If more than one person is responsible for implementation, identify each person who is responsible and indicate the part of the Waste Reduction Work Plan that each person is responsible for implementing. Name of Person Responsibility Telephone # Reno Strano U of T Recycling

64 V. TIMETABLE FOR IMPLEMENTING WASTE REDUCTION WORK PLAN Provide a timetable indicating when each Source Separation and 3Rs program of the Waste Reduction Work Plan will be implemented. Source Separation Schedule for Completion and 3Rs Program Organics & Food Waste Yard Waste Scrap Wood Scrap Metal Animal Bedding Polystyrene Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles Mixed Plastics Coffee Cups Soil & Plants Light Bulbs E-waste Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers Paper Towels Cardboard Shredded Paper Pallets Asphalt Stone, pavers & screening Concrete Clean fill Swap Shop - Out Composting program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Reuse program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Reuse program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Reuse program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014)

65 Source Separation and 3Rs Program Swap Shop In Campus Furniture Batteries Aero. Misc. pick ups Schedule for Completion Reuse program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Reuse program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) Recycling program currently implemented. Promotion/enforcement may be beneficial to increase capture rate. (2014) VI. COMMUNICATION TO STAFF, CUSTOMERS, GUESTS AND VISITORS Explain how the Waste Reduction Work Plan will be communicated to employees, customers, tenants, guests/visitors and students: Increase awareness of recycling programs at the facility through staff/student/cleaner education programs. Such programs can include placement of posters in strategic locations around the building, and posting information regarding recycling, reuse, and reduction rates throughout the facility. Provide easy access to contact information for help or questions regarding the recycling programs. The recycling program should have as much consistency as possible throughout the entire campus.

66 VII. ESTIMATED WASTE PRODUCED BY MATERIAL TYPE AND THE PROJECTED DIVERSION AMOUNT Material Categories (as stated in Part III) Estimated Annual Waste Produced * (MT) Name of Proposed 3Rs Program (as stated in Part III) Projections to Reduce, Reuse or Recycle Waste (MT) Estimated Annual Amount to be Diverted ** (%) Reduce Reuse Recycle Organics & Food Waste Organics 3Rs Program % Yard Waste Yard Waste 3Rs Program % Scrap Wood Scrap Wood 3Rs Program % Scrap Metal Scrap Metal 3Rs Program % Animal Bedding Animal Bedding 3Rs Program % Polystyrene Polystyrene 3Rs Program % Bottles & Cans Laboratory Glass and Plastic Amber Bottles 5.76 Coffee Cups Soil & Plants Bottles and Cans and Mixed Plastics 3Rs % Program Lab Glass and Plastic 3Rs Program % Amber Bottles 3Rs Program % Coffee Cups 3Rs Program % Soil and Plants 3Rs Program % Light Bulbs 8.15 Light Bulbs 3Rs Program % E-waste and Printer Cartridges Mixed Papers (including shredded) Paper Towels E-waste and Printer Cartridge 3Rs Program % Mixed Paper 3Rs Program % Paper Towel 3Rs Program % Cardboard Cardboard 3Rs Program % Pallets 12.0 Pallets 3Rs Program %

67 Material Categories (as stated in Part III) Estimated Annual Waste Produced * (MT) Name of Proposed 3Rs Program (as stated in Part III) Projections to Reduce, Reuse or Recycle Waste (MT) Reduce Reuse Recycle Estimated Annual Amount to be Diverted ** (%) Asphalt Asphalt 3Rs Program % Stone, pavers & screening 40.0 Stones, Pavers & Screening 3Rs Program % Concrete Concrete 3Rs Program % Clean fill Clean Fill 3Rs Program % Swap Shop - Out Swap Shop In 12.0 Campus Furniture Swap Shop - Out 3Rs Program % Swap Shop - In 3Rs Program % Campus Furniture 3Rs Program % Batteries 2.99 Batteries 3Rs Program % Aero. Misc. pick ups 5.4 Aero. Misc. 3Rs Program % * Estimated Waste Produced = Waste Diverted (3Rs) + Waste Disposed ** Projected Amount of Waste Diverted (3Rs) = [(Estimated Waste Diversion %)/100] x Estimated Waste Produced I hereby certify that the information provided in this Waste Reduction Work Plan is complete and correct. Signature of authorized official: Title: Date:

68 Appendix E Waste Processor Certificates of Approval

69 PLEASE NOTE: For the purposes of brevity, only the first page of the Certificates of Approval (C of A) have been included as proof of their existence. Certificates of Approval (for receiving) are required by facilities that process recyclable material before shipping them to final destinations. However, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment does not require or issue Certificates of Approval for the transportation of non-hazardous recyclable material.

70 Wasteco C of A

71 Seacliff Energy C of A

72 York Resource Recovery C of A

73 Arcelor Mittal Dofasco C of A

74 U.S. Steel C of A

75 Canada Fibers C of A

76 Aevitas C of A

77 Electronics Recycling Services C of A

78 GreenTec C of A

79 Ontario Sewer Services C of A

80 Clean Harbours C of A

81 Raw Materials C of A

82 Reliable Waste Management C of A

83 GFL C of A

84 Carleton Farms Operating License

85 Civil Underground & Excavation Company C of A

86 Appendix F Compactor Audit Results

87 December 2 Best Institute (112 College St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: 5 bags of medical supply packaging Air/furnace filters 2 bags of LDPE film plastic 2 bags of boxboard 1 bag of paper Soap/sanitizer dispenser Old binders Styrofoam Serving trays Medical supply packaging Air/furnace filters Plastic bags/ldpe Boxboard Medical supply packaging and gloves Plastic serving tray

88 Styrofoam Hand sanitizer dispenser Earth Sciences Centre (33 Willcocks St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Computer Styrofoam Aluminum serving tray Rubbermaid container HDPE Pail Wooden crate Full bags of recycling: 2 bags of paper and newsprint 2 bag of aluminum cans Paper and newsprint Coffee cups Styrofoam, Cardboard and HDPE pail Wooden crate

89 Aluminum serving trays Styrofoam Aluminum cans Foam Rubbermaid Container Computer December 3 New College (21 Classics Ave.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Cotton Batting Paint can Broom handle Cardboard Mop heads Styrofoam Full bags of recycling: 2 bags of LDPE plastic 3 bags of paper (shredded and boxboard)

90 1 bag of bottles and cans Cotton Batting Paint Can and Mop Head Cardboard Newspaper, Shredded Paper and Boxboard Wrapping Paper, Newsprint BCIT (40 St. George St.) Amidst garbage the following items were found: Magazines Plastic serving tray #6 styrofoam

91 Cardboard Floor polishing pads Jug Full bags of recycling: Cardboard boxes Paper #6 cardboard take out containers Paper and Bottles Cardboard Pizza Boxes #6 styrofoam takeout containers Floor Polishing Pads and Plastic Serving Tray Cardboard Cardboard

92 December 4 CCBR (160 College St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Stericycle bucket filled with plastic Cardboard box with mesh, live animal carrier Plastic pail Full bags of recycling: 1 bag of mixed containers Many bags contain significant quantities of paper, newsprint and Styrofoam Stericycle bucket filled with plastic pipettes Cardboard Live animal carrier, cardboard with mesh Plastic pail Styrofoam peanuts Recyclables, boxboard and gable tops

93 Paper and newsprint Sidney Smith Hall (100 St. George St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Air/furnace filters Slide projector wheel Boxes of slides Styrofoam Full bags of recycling: Large cans of kitchen service side Bag of paper Bag of mixed containers Air/furnace filters Slide projector wheel Boxes of slides Tin cans

94 Newsprint Styrofoam Mixed containers December 5 Robarts Library (369 Huron St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: 3 bags of plastic strapping, Styrofoam and LDPE 1 bag of clothing Full bags of recycling: Many bags contained recyclables like plastic bottles and gable tops. 1 full bag of paper Plastic strapping, styrofoam and LDPE Paper

95 Textiles, clothing Sanford Fleming Building (10 King s College Rd.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: HDPE pail PVC piping Wood (cabinetry, particle board and solid wood) Wooden pallet Concrete test specimens Heavy duty suitcase Full bags of recycling: 1 bag of Styrofoam HDPE pails PVC pipe Wood (particle board and solid wood) Wooden pallet

96 Concrete test specimens Styrofoam Heavy duty suitcase December 6 Walberg Building (200 College St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: HDPE pails Plastic/Metal composite wrapping Cardboard boxes Styrofoam peanuts Small amount of Roxul insulation Small amounts of recyclables in bags HDPE pail Plastic/Metal composite wrapping

97 cardboard Styrofoam peanuts Rotman School of Management (95 St. George St.) Amidst the garbage the following items were found: Cardboard Full bags of recycling: 3 bags of paper recycling 3 bags of Styrofoam 1 bag of boxboard Tin cans from kitchen, food services side 1 bag of mixed containers Paper Paper Styrofoam Cardboard

98 Tin cans Mixed containers Styrofoam