The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
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1 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC , the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. Michigan State University designs and establishes FRIB as a DOE Office of Science National User Facility in support of the mission of the Office of Nuclear Physics.
2 Update from yesterday:
3 25 years ago: ISL white paper
4 NSAC 2002 Long Range Plan
5 Facility for Rare Isotope Beams A Future DOE-SC National User Facility Key feature is 400kW beam power (5 x U/s) Separation of isotopes in-flight Fast development time for any isotope Suited for all elements and short half-lives Reaccelerated beams (up to 12 MeV/u)
6 FRIB: Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Ø FRIB is located on the campus of Michigan State University and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Ø MSU selected to design and establish FRIB in December 2008 New Construction Ø Project started in June 2009
7 Accelerator Systems: SRF Driver Linac Accelerate ion species up to 238 U with energies of no less than 200 MeV/u Provide beam power up to 400kW Energy upgrade to 400 MeV/u for uranium by filling vacant slots with 12 SRF cryomodules
8 Rare Isotope Production Facility Target hot cell, subterranean» Production target» Fragment preseparator» Primary beam dump(s)» Remote handling (RH) equipment Target facility building high bay» Second and third stage of fragment separator» 50 ton bridge crane» Fragment separator power supplies Support areas, 3 subterranean levels» Non-conventional utilities» Remote handling gallery and control room» Waste handling
9 Fragment Separator Production of rare isotope beams with 400 kw beam power using light to heavy ions up to 238 U with energy 200 MeV/u Large acceptance: ± 40 mrad (angular) and ± 5% (momentum) High magnetic rigidity: 8 Tm after target Three separation stages for high beam purity plus operational versatility
10 Fast, Stopped, and Reaccelerated Beam Experimental Areas and Equipment Experimental Areas, Experimental Equipment Beam Stopping Reacceleration
11 Stopped Beams at NSCL and FRIB Multifaceted approach Linear gas stopper (heavier ion beams) Cyclotron gas stopper (lighter ion beams) Solid stopper (certain elements, highest intensity) Status Linear gas catcher (ANL) in place and commissioning started Cyclotron gas stopper construction started
12 Reaccelerated Beams at NSCL and FRIB with ReA Facility Thermalized rare isotopes from CCF/FRIB RFQ CM1 CM2 EBIT CB CM3 SECAR ANASEN, SUN, LENDA, SeGA/ CAESAR JENSA AT-TPC, ReA6 EBIT/S charge breeder SRF linac ReA3 3 MeV/u for 238 U Expandable to >12 MeV/u for 238 U
13 New accelerator and present experimental areas
14 Transition from NSCL to FRIB
15 FRIB timeline 8 June 2009 DOE-SC and MSU sign Cooperative Agreement September 2010 CD-1 approved August 2013 CD-2/3a (civil construction) March 2014 Start civil construction August 2014 CD-3b approved (technical construction) December 2020 June 2022 Early completion goal CD-4 (project completion)
16 Critical path
17 Ground breaking: March 17, 2014
18 Civil construction: 8 Weeks Ahead Front-end building 16 months ahead of baseline 20 March
19 Aerial view of FRIB construction site
20 Conventional facilities progress Tunnel warm and painted View inside linac tunnel from the west View of target area from the north
21 Conventional facilities site layout
22 Conventional facilities site layout: Street view
23 FRIB is needed to understand atomic nuclei Ø A quantitative model of atomic nuclei with predictive power does not yet exist Figure adapted from The neutron-rich limit is only known up to oxygen
24 FRIB is needed to understand the origin of the elements Ø How were the elements from iron to uranium made? Ø Where and how does the r-process occur? r-process path r-process proceeds in neutron-rich nuclei
25 FRIB projected production rates Blue 1 particle per day O. Tarasov, T. Baumann
26 Discovery potential Nuclear Chart in 1966 Less than1000 known New territory to be explored today about 3000 known isotopes
27 How many more nuclides are there? 7000 bound nuclide should exist (Erler et al.,nature 486 (2012) 509)
28 Discoveries are driven by new technologies First accelerators Mass spectroscopy Radioactivity WWII Reactors Fusion evaporation Projectile fragmentation M. T. and B.M. Sherrill, Nature 473 (2011) 25
29 Timeline Movie
30 Known isotopes
31 Five-year running average
32 Discovery of superheavy elements ~1 new element in 3 year G. T. Seaborg and W. D. Loveland, The elements beyond uranium", Wiley, New York, New York (1990)
33 Discovery of super heavy nuclides ~4 new nuclides/year G. T. Seaborg and W. D. Loveland, The elements beyond uranium", Wiley, New York, New York (1990)
34 Isotope discovery project
35 Connect hot and cold fusion results
36 Z versus N Z
37 Z versus N Z
38 Trends and systematics: S2p
39 Trends and systematics: Ealpha
40 Superheavies: E alpha Cwiok, Heenen, Nazarewicz, Nature 433 (2005) 705 Utyonkov and Oganessian, Nucl. Phys. A
41 Superheavies: T 1/2 Utyonkov and Oganessian, Nucl. Phys. A
42 Trends and systematics: N Z Ealpha
43 Superheavies lines of constant Z: Ealpha
44 Superheavies lines of constant N Z: Ealpha
45 Lines of constant N Z
46 Production methods All fusion-evaporation - Stable and naturally occurring radioactive isotopes - Light-particle reactions - Neutron reactions - Fusion-evaporation - Fragmentation/spallation
47 How can new nuclides be discovered?
48 How produce new superheavy nuclides fusion with radioactive beams W. Loveland, Phys. Rev. C 76 (2007) cold fusion hot fusion multi-nucleon transfer V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 34610
49 Summary and outlook Ø FRIB construction is on schedule: Ø Project completion June 2022 Ø Early completion in December 2020 Ø FRIB will most likely not discover new elements Ø But FRIB could reach neutron-rich isotopes of superheavy elements towards N =184 Ø Research program is user driven Ø Users are organized as part of the independent FRIB Users Organization with over 1400 members Ø Please join at
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