From the Midwest to the World the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Hendrik Schatz Michigan State University

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1 From the Midwest to the World the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Hendrik Schatz Michigan State University 15 Years of Nuclear Astrophysics with JINA It started all at Notre Dame National and World Wide Impact 1993 Diploma Karlsruhe PhD studies at ND 1997 PhD Heidelberg GSI Germany MSU

2 My Start at Notre Dame in 1993

3 On my Office Door The Thumb

4 A Hands On Perspective of Nuclear Science: Hoop Cleaning

5 My Experiments While at Notre Dame Andy Bacher ANL Cary Davids 80 Zr decay Fridel Thielemann SMOKER and Network Codes Ed Stephenson Christian Iliadis TRIUMF 79 Kr(bp) IUCF 28 Si(a, 8 He) Georg Berg

6 Key Question: What is the origin of the elements? Low mass stars form A fossil record of chemical evolution How did we get from here To here?

7 Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear scaled log e Nuclear Physics is Needed to Link Observations with Element Magellan Origin Sites Rapid neutron capture process Light Element Primary Process? Weak r-process, s-process? Intermediate neutron capture process? SDSS LIGO Ji et al () Honda et al Dardelet et al () ANL Radioactive Beams NSCL CASPAR ISNAP Stable beams Stable beams? Radioactive Beams underground? above ground? LANSCE/Ohio Neutron Beams Magnetic Supernova? Red Giant Star? Neutron Star Merger? Core Collapse Supernova? Red Giant Star?

8 Start of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics JINA Funded as a since 2002 PI Schatz PI Beers PI Truran FLASH NSCL SDSS NSL PD Wiescher + LANL, Arizona, UC Santa Barbara

9 Success of JINA JINA is tremendously successful in - Driving scientific progress by connecting scientists across subfields - Triggering new ideas, collaboration, new approaches to nuclear astrophysics - Serving as a center and communication hub for the entire field (jinaweb.org) - Educating young scientists JINA publication connections JINA-JINA JINA- non JINA Non JINA- non JINA

10 The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Center for the Evolution of the Element TRIUMF McGill since 2014 Now 26 Institutions: MSU Notre Dame ASU University of Washington/INT + 22 associated institutions Hull Amsterdam Oslo Excellence Cluster Universe Munich, Germany ChTEC EU Cost Action Nuclear Astrophysics Virtual Institute, Germany UKAKUREN, Japan Center for Nuclear Astrophysics Shanghai University Institute for Advanced Studies Sao Paulo Monash Center for Astrophysics

11 Notre Dame and the Next Generation Rare Isotope Beam Facility Astrophysics Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Under construction at Michigan State University for DOE Office of Science

12 The FRIB Project $730 million national user facility funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Michigan State University, and the State of Michigan FRIB Project completion date is June 2022, FRIB will serve as a national user facility for world-class rare isotope research, (~1400 scientists)

13 FRIB Progress FRIB Accelerator Tunnel First Cryo-Module Installed in March 2016 First beam from ion source October 2016 RFQ Assembled

14 SECAR Recoil Separator Gas Stopping Reacceleration to low astrophysical energies Fragmentation

15 SECAR Recoil Separator Enables Direct Astrophysical Reaction Rate Measurements at FRIB Design led by Notre Dame initiated by JINA - based on JINA St. George separator Measures p- and a-capture reactions with RIBs in inverse kinematics for X-ray bursts, novae, np-process, p-process, explosive burning, Thorne-Zytkov objects Manoel Couder Georg Berg Dipole Magnets Charge State Separation 2 Wien Filter Recoil Separation Stages JENSA H, He Gas Jet Radioactive Beam H. Schatz, F. Montes MSU M. Couder, G. Berg Notre Dame J. Blackmon LSU K. Chipps, M. Smith ORNL U. Greife CSM + many other institutions Focal Plane Recoil Detection Supported by DOE Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics And National Science Foundation

16 SECAR Construction on Schedule Full commissioning start Fall 2019 Completion end of calendar year 2021

17 Highlight: 12 C(a,g) The Holy Grail of Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment The definitive analysis: a new 12 C(a,g) reaction rate (relative to NACRE 1999) 17 Data Sources AZURE deboer et al. submitted to RMP ND exp. data: deboer et al. PRC 85 (2012) Monte Carlo propagation of nuclear uncertainties through complete stellar evolution sequence Impact on stellar evolution quantified Example: final carbon mass fraction 1000 Stellar Models Fields et al. ApJ 823 (2016) 46

18 Accreting Neutron Stars Mystery: Crust not hot enough to explain burst behavior What is the nuclear heating in the crust during accretion? Neutron star

19 Build a Model of Nuclear Reactions in the Crust of Accreting Neutron Stars LANL: (Moller, Gupta) Masses Electron capture rates Beta-decay rates MSU: (Gupta, Lau, Brown, Meisel, Ong, Schatz) Crust model EOS New Experimental Data Notre Dame: (Beard, Wiescher, Yakovlev, Gasques) Pycnonuclear fusion reactions (NSL!) Neutron capture rate corrections

20 Highlight: New Direction in Nuclear Astrophysics - Nuclear Processes in Accreted Neutron Star Crusts Cooling? Identification of full crust nuclear physics Discovery that crust Urca reactions can also cool Schatz et al. Nature 505 (2014) 62 Cooling does affect observables Deibel et al. ApJ 831 (2016) 9 Burst physics affects crust!

21 Summary