Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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1 Chapter 2 Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 韩伟 量子材料科学中心 2015 年 9 月 27 日 2014 ICQM
2 提纲 1. Introduction to magnetism 2. How to induce magnetic moment 3. How to control magnetization 2
3 Review of last class Magnetism of Electrons Spin orbit Coupling Magnetism Diamangetism, Paramagnetism, FM, AFM, Ferrimagnet, Half metallic Magnetic resonance Magnetic domains 3
4 提纲 2. How to induce magnetic moment 4
5 1) Impurity doping Mn impurity in GaMnAs Mainly two methods Low doping High doping MacDonald, et al, Nature Mater. (2005) 5
6 2) Proximity effect Mainly two methods At the atomic level, when two atoms come into proximity, the highest energy, or valence, orbitals of the atoms change substantially and the electrons on the two atoms reorganize. FM Pt Interface hybridization 6
7 Induce M in two Quantum Materials Two Dirac Materials Graphene 7
8 Induce M in two Quantum Materials Two Dirac Materials Topological Insulator 3D Topological insulator 8
9 Vacancies Defects Using the spin current approach pure spin current At high field S e and S M decouple! Scattering by exchange coupling is suppressed More spins at detector 9
10 Hydrogen Doping Atomic hydrogen source I V + - Hydrogen Graphene spin valve device SiO 2 Si (backgate) 10
11 Hydrogen Doping Paramagnetic at 15 K! McCreary, et al, PRL (2012) 11
12 STM probe of H-graphene Hydrogen Doping González-Herrero, et al, Science (2016) 12
13 STM probe of H-graphene Hydrogen Doping González-Herrero, et al, Science (2016) 13
14 STM probe of H-graphene Hydrogen Doping T = 5 K González-Herrero, et al, Science (2016) 14
15 STM probe of H-graphene Hydrogen Doping T = 5 K González-Herrero, et al, Science (2016) 15
16 STM probe of H-graphene Hydrogen Doping González-Herrero, et al, Science (2016) 16
17 Proximity effect Graphene on YIG yttrium iron garnet (YIG): high Tc~550K; Extremely small intrinsic damping constant ( 3x10-5 ); Insulating behavior; In-plane magnetic anisotropy. Y3Fe5O12, YIG: A FM insulator 17
18 Proximity effect Graphene on YIG Wang, et al, PRL (2015) 18
19 Proximity effect Graphene on YIG ~2200 Oe ~2200 Oe 19
20 Proximity effect Graphene on YIG Wang, et al, PRL (2015) 20
21 Proximity effect Graphene on YIG 21
22 Induce M in Topological Insulator Why making TI magnetic Quantum Anomalous Hall effect 22
23 Doping effect by Cr Doping of Magnetic impurity Chang, et al, Science (2013) 23
24 Doping effect by V Doping of Magnetic impurity Chang, et al, Nat. Mater. (2015) 24
25 EuS: magnetic insulator Proximity effect Wei, et al, PRL (2013) 25
26 EuS: magnetic insulator Proximity effect 26
27 EuS: magnetic insulator Proximity effect 27
28 Summary How to induce magnetic moment Doping Proximity effect FM Nonmagnetic Materials Interface hybridization 28
29 休息 10 分钟 2014 ICQM
30 提纲 3. How to control magnetization 30
31 How to control the magnetization Magnetic field B Without B??? B 31 31
32 How to control the magnetization Magnetic field B Without B??? B Control?? Electric field Spin torque Ultrafast Laser Interface Strain 32 32
33 Electric field control the magnetization Electrical field effect in magnetic semiconductor 33 Ohno, et al, Nature (2000) 33
34 Electric field control the magnetization Magnetic properties of InMnAs (AHE) 34 Ohno, et al, Nature (2000) 34
35 Electric field control the magnetization Electrical field effect on InMnAs 35 Ohno, et al, Nature (2000) 35
36 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control Large electric field on the surface 36 Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 36
37 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid HMIM BF 4 EMIM TFSI DEME TFSI 37 37
38 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control 38 Ti 0.9 Co 0.1 O 2 T C > 300 K Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 38
39 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control electronic properties 39 Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 39
40 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control electronic properties 40 Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 40
41 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control magnetic properties 41 Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 41
42 Electric field control the magnetization Ionic liquid gate control magnetic properties Yamada, et al, Science (2011) 42
43 Electric field control the magnetization Electric field control in Metallic FM 43
44 Electric field control the magnetization Electric field control in Metallic FM Chiba, et al, Nat. Mater. (2011) 44
45 Electric field control the magnetization Electric field control in Metallic FM Chiba, et al, Nat. Mater. (2011) 45
46 Electric field control the magnetization Electric field control in Metallic FM Chiba, et al, Nat. Mater. (2011) 46
47 Multiferroics Bibes, Nat. Mater. (2012) 47
48 Multiferroics Bibes, Nat. Mater. (2012) 48
49 T C by Multiferroics PZT MOKE Molegraaf, et al, Adv. Mater. (2009) 49
50 T C by Multiferroics Molegraaf, et al, Adv. Mater. (2009) 50
51 FM magnetization by Multiferroics Chu, et al, Nat. Mater. (2008) 51
52 FM magnetization by Multiferroics Chu, et al, Nat. Mater. (2008) 52
53 Spin polarization by Multiferroics Garcia, et al, Science (2010) 53
54 Spin polarization by Multiferroics Garcia, et al, Science (2010) 54
55 Spin polarization by Multiferroics Garcia, et al, Science (2010) 55
56 Electric field via GdO x /FM Ionics of Oxygen Blue curve: Negative electrical field Purple curve: positive electrical field Bi et al PRL (2014) 56
57 Electric field via GdO x /FM Ionics of Oxygen Bi et al PRL (2014) 57
58 Electric field via GdO x /FM Ionics of Oxygen Co CoO CoO Co Bi et al PRL (2014) 58
59 Electric field via GdO x /FM Ionics of Oxygen Bauer, et al Nat. Nano. (2014) 59
60 Electric field via GdO x /FM Ionics of Oxygen Bauer, et al Nat. Nano. (2014) 60
61 How to control the magnetization Magnetic field B Without B??? B Control?? Electric field Spin torque Ultrafast Laser Interface Strain 61 61
62 FM by Ultrafast Laser Ferrimagnet 62 62
63 FM by Ultrafast Laser 63 Radu, et al Nature (2011) 63
64 FM by Ultrafast Laser 64 64
65 How to control the magnetization Magnetic field B Without B??? B Control?? Electric field Spin torque Ultrafast Laser Interface Strain 65 65
66 FM by Spin transfer torque Spin transfer torque Brataas, et al. Nature Mater. (2012) 66
67 Spin transfer torque Ralph & Stiles, JMMM (2008) 67
68 Pure Spin current torque Spin Injector Spin Detector charge + - current I INJ V NL Pure spin current: Flow of spin without net flow of charge 68
69 Pure Spin current torque Yang et al, Nature Physics (2008) 69
70 Spin Orbit torque Liu et al, Science (2012) 70
71 More details at Spin transfer torque 一 自旋电子学简介二 磁性和磁性材料三 磁阻效应四 自旋阀五 自旋转移力矩六 热自旋电子学七 拓扑自旋流八 反铁磁自旋电子学 71
72 How to control the magnetization Magnetic field B Without B??? B Control?? Electric field Spin torque Ultrafast Laser Interface Strain 72 72
73 Magnetization by Strain Lee 2010, et al. Nature (2011) 73
74 Magnetization by Strain Lee 2010, et al. Nature (2011) 74
75 Magnetization by Strain Lee 2010, et al. Nature (2011) 75
76 Summary Magnetic field B Without B??? B Control Electric field Spin torque Ultrafast Laser Interface Strain 76
77 下一节课 : Oct. 11 th Chapter 3: Magnetoresistance Chapter 4: Spin Valves 课件下载 : ICQM
78 谢谢! 2014 ICQM
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