Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in topological insulators: Bi 2 Te 3. Marino Marsi

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1 Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in topological insulators: Bi 2 Te 3 Marino Marsi Laboratoire de Physique des Solides CNRS UMR Université Paris-Sud IMPACT, Orsay, September 2012

2 Outline Topological Insulators 3D Topological Insulators ARPES Non equilibrium 3D TI s pump-probe ARPES Bi 2 Te 3 interband scattering (sub-ps) non-equilibrium Dirac cone Slow relaxation of surface states Weak electron-phonon coupling Conclusions, perspectives

3 Topological Insulators Novel state of matter Insulating bulk, but gapless edge or surface states Combined action of spin-orbit coupling and time reversal symmetry (QSH effect) Unique transport properties: topologically protected states, immune to defects, perturbations Info on empty electronic states, interband scattering rates, hot electron properties? Hasan and Kane, RMP 2010 Qi and Zhang, RMP 2011

4 3D Topological Insulators: Bi 2 Te 3 Bi 1-x Sb x, Bi 2 Te 3, Bi 2 Se 3,Sb 2 Te 3 Non trivial topology band inversion driven by strong S-O coupling Single Dirac cone on surface Zhang et al., Nat. Phys. 2009

5 3D Topological Insulators ARPES (Hsieh et al., Nature 2008; Chen et al., Science 2009; ) Dirac cone studied by ARPES : Spin in surface plane, perpendicular to k

6 FemtoARPES Faure et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2012)

7 FemtoARPES

8 FemtoARPES

9 FemtoARPES Rep rate: 0.25 MHz pump: 1.5 ev, 6 mj, 35 fs Probe: 6.28 ev 40 pj, 65 fs photons/s Low energy ARPES L. Perfetti Friday

10 Bi 2 Te 3 low energy ARPES n-type Bi 2 Te 3 gap = 0.3 ev e probe: hν = 6.28 ev pump: hν = 1.5 ev Yazyev and al, PRL 105,

11 Bi 2 Te 3 pump-probe ARPES n-type Bi 2 Te 3 gap = 0.3 ev probe: hν = 6.28 ev pump: hν = 1.5 ev Yazyev and al, PRL 105,

12 Transient electronic structure

13 Transient electronic structure

14 Transient electronic structure

15 Transient electronic structure

16 Transient band populations B 1 * E-E F (ev) B 2 * S* fs k // (1/Å) Excitation VB to B 1 * scattering B1* S* and B 2 * Relaxation of S* slow weak e-phonon coupling Hajlaoui et al., Nano Lett. 12, 3532 (2012)

17 EDC s from transient Dirac cone states Energy Distribution Curves of hot electrons in the Dirac cone electron thermalization: ps scale influenced by interband scattering Hajlaoui et al., Nano Lett. 12, 3532 (2012)

18 Conclusions Time resolved ARPES hot «Dirac cone» electrons in 3D TI s Direct visualisation of interband (sub-ps) and intraband processes Information on (slow) electron relaxation Weak electron-phonon coupling for edge states, consistent with: - Pump-proble ARPES on Bi 2 Se 3 (Sobota et al., PRL 2012) - Analysis of ARPES lineshapes - Theoretical calculations Perspectives: tuning the position of the Dirac point with respect to E F Extension to other 3D TI s, thin films

19 Thanks to: M. Hajlaoui E. Papalazarou J. Mauchain G. Lantz L. Perfetti A. Taleb-Ibrahimi D. Boschetto N. Moisan I. Miotkowski Y.P. Chen Z. Jiang

20 Rate equations

21 Time resolved ARPES on TI s Bi 2 Se 3 Sobota et al., PRL 2012

22 Optical pump-probe reflectivity

23 The «Paris-Saclay» campus «Triangle de la Physique», the «Physics Triangle» Paris (30 km) Saclay (SOLEIL) Orsay (Université Paris-Sud) Palaiseau (Ecole Polytechnique)

24 Mott-Hubbard transition Correlation-induced metal to insulator transition (MIT) in strongly correlated materials : E E F Competition d band U p band U charge gap Kinetic energy (t) e e interaction (U) no change in the crystal structure no change in the long range magnetic order Isostructural MIT in Cr-doped V : textbook example of Mott-Hubbard transition

25 Ultrafast lasers condensed matter e-e interaction T e >> T lattice Femtosecond laser excitation e-phonon scattering T e T lattice Thermalisation T e T lattice Photons interact with electrons in sample

26 Ultrafast lasers condensed matter Pump-probe spectroscopy signal Excited electronic states Photoinduced phase transitions Coherent lattice oscillations

27 Ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity signal Lab. Optique Appliquée Palaiseau λ = 800 nm, 50 fs, 1 khz

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