Lakewood City Schools Science Course of Study Eleventh Grade

Transcription

1 CHEMISTRY, A.P. SCOPE, SEQUENCE AND PACING CHART I. Atoms, Compounds and Reactions 6 weeks Introduction & Measurement 1 week Atoms, Ions, Compounds 1 week Mole concept 1 week Reactions and Stoichiometry weeks II. Gas Laws and Thermochemistry Gas Laws 2 weeks Thermochemistry 2 weeks III. Electrons, Bonding, States and Solutions Electron energy levels & quantum mechanics 1 week Periodic Properties 1 week Bonding 2 week Molecular Geometry 1 week Intermolecular Forces and Solids and Liquids 1 week Solutions 2 weeks IV. Kinetics and Equilibria Kinetics 2 weeks Chemical Equilibrium 2 week Acid Base Equilibrium weeks Solubility equilibrium 1 week 4 weeks 8 weeks 8 weeks V. Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry & Miscellaneous 8 weeks Thermodynamics 2 weeks Electrochemistry 2 weeks Nuclear Chemistry 1/2 week Organic Chemistry 1/2 week AP Exam Review weeks

2 CHEMISTRY ADVANCED PLACEMENT Course Description Full Year 1 Credit 7 Periods per Week Open to Grades (By Application) Prerequisite: Taken with Advanced Algebra 2 or higher Is an advanced elective physical laboratory science course taught on a first year college level using a college text. Topics include stoichiometry, gas laws, quantum theory, electron configuration, bonding, molecular geometry, states of matter, kinetics, equilibria, acids and bases, thermodynamics, redox, nuclear and organic chemistry. Recommended for advanced track math students and science majors. Students apply through their science teacher, the connection center or the chemistry office in January. The AP Chemistry national exam is given in May for college credit. Students who have taken regular Chemistry or summer AP Prep Chemistry are more likely to do well on the AP Exam.

3 NAME OF COURSE: CHEMISTRY, A.P. UNIT: ATOMS, COMPOUNDS AND REACTIONS Physical Sciences Standard (PS) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Local Instructional Objectives and Teaching Resources Summarize the historical Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions Students will understand and be able to use, to do, or to measure: development of Describe concepts/ideas in physical sciences that have scientific theories important, long lasting effects on science and society (e.g., uncertainty in measurement and and ideas within the quantum theory, theory of relativity, age of the universe). significant figures study of physical (PS 12 15) rounding answers to calculations sciences. (PS11 E) involving measurements (PS 12 E) Doing Scientific Inquiry convert units by dimensional analysis Explain how manipulating algebraic equations variations in the Formulate testable hypotheses. Develop and explain the atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons arrangement and appropriate procedures, controls and variables (dependent and elements, symbols motion of atoms independent) in scientific experimentation. (SI 11 1) metals, non metals, and metalloid and molecules form Evaluate assumptions that have been used in reaching elements the basis of a scientific conclusions. (SI 11 2) atomic mass number variety of Design and carry out scientific inquiry (investigation), isotopes and average mass number biological, communicate and critique results through peer review. (SI charge and ions chemical and 11 ) physical common cations and anions Explain why the methods of an investigation are based on the phenomena. (PS ionic formulas questions being asked. (SI 11 4) 11 A) (PS 12 A) molecular formulas Summarize data and construct a reasonable argument based Explain how nomenclature on those data and other known information. (SI 11 5) scientific evidence formula mass, molar mass Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when is used to develop designing and/or conducting scientific investigations (e.g., moles and mole conversions

4 and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (SW 11 A) (SW 11 A) Make appropriate choices when designing and participating in scientific investigations by using cognitive and manipulative skills when collecting data and formulating conclusions from the data. (SI 11 A) (SI 12 A) OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI 12 ) Create and clarify the method, procedures, controls and variables in complex scientific investigations. (SI 12 4) Nature of Science Analyze a set of data to derive a hypothesis and apply that hypothesis to a similar phenomenon (e.g., biome data). (SW 11 1) (SW 12 1) Evaluate scientific investigations by reviewing current scientific knowledge and the experimental procedures used, examining the evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. (SW 12 2) Select a scientific model, concept or theory and explain how it has been revised over time based on new knowledge, perceptions or technology. (SW 12 ) Analyze a set of data to derive a principle and then apply that principle to a similar phenomenon (e.g., predator/prey relationships, properties of semiconductors). (SW 12 4) Apply scientific inquiry to evaluate results of scientific investigations, observations, theoretical models and the explanations proposed by other scientists. (SW 11 2) Demonstrate that scientific explanations adhere to established criteria, for example a proposed explanation must be logically consistent, it must abide by the rules of evidence and it must be open to questions and modifications. (SW 11 ) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) percent composition empirical and molecular formulas equations, reactions, reactants, products balancing equations reaction types stoichiometry limiting and excess reactants molarity dilutions composition and decomposition reactions single and double replacement reactions solubility rules predict precipitation reaction acid base definitions including Arrhenius, Bronsted Lowry and Lewis acid/base reactions using both weak and strong acids complete ionic and net ionic equations gravimetric analysis volumetric analysis combustion reactions gas producing reactions location of lab safety equipment names and uses of common lab equipment

5 Ethical Practices Recognize that bias affects outcomes. People tend to ignore evidence that challenges their beliefs but accept evidence that supports their beliefs. Scientists attempt to avoid bias in their work. (SW 11 5) Scientific Theories Explain how theories are judged by how well they fit with other theories, the range of included observations, how well they explain observations and how effective they are in predicting new findings. (SW 11 7) Nature of Matter Explain that elements with the same number of protons may or may not have the same mass and those with different masses (different numbers of neutrons) are called isotopes. Some of these are radioactive. (PS 11 1) Explain how atoms join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating crystal patterns. (PS 12 1) Resources General Chemistry (Ebbing) textbook chapter 2,, 4. Preparation of ion x5 cards Molesville and Double Molesville mapping World of Chemistry Video # 11 The Mole World of Chemistry Video # 8 The Chemical Bond Lab: Chromatography Lab: Percent composition of a hydrate Lab: Empirical Formula of MgO Lab: Mole Ratios of Fe and Cu The stuffed mole Mole Day activities Honors Project Avogadro s Number

6 NAME OF COURSE: CHEMISTRY, A.P. UNIT: GAS LAWS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY Physical Sciences Standard (PS) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives Explain how variations in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules form the basis of a variety of biological, chemical and physical phenomena. (PS 11 A) (PS 12 A) Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas within the study of physical sciences. (PS11 E) (PS 12 E) Make appropriate choices when designing and participating in scientific investigations by using cognitive and manipulative skills when collecting data and Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are limited by the context in which they are conceived; are often initially rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different investigators (e.g., nuclear energy, quantum theory, theory of relativity). (PS 12 14) Describe concepts/ideas in physical sciences that have important, long lasting effects on science and society (e.g., quantum theory, theory of relativity, age of the universe). (PS 12 15) Nature of Matter Explain that humans have used unique bonding of carbon atoms to make a variety of molecules (e.g., plastics). (PS 11 2) Explain how atoms join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating crystal patterns. (PS 12 1) Describe how a physical, chemical or ecological system in equilibrium may return to the same state of equilibrium if the disturbances it experiences are small. Large disturbances may cause it to escape that equilibrium and eventually settle into some other state of equilibrium. (PS 12 2) Students will understand and be able to use, to do, or to measure: The kinetic theory pressure manometers Charles Law Boyles Law Gay Lussac Law Combined Gas Law Avogardros Hypothesis Ideal Gas Law Van der Waals equation (in general terms) molar mass form gas density Dalton s Law of partial pressure vapor pressure & dynamic equilibrium water vapor pressure rms speed of effusion Graham s Law phase changes calorimetry

7 formulating conclusions from the data. (SI 11 A) (SI 12 A) Explain how scientific evidence is used to develop and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (SW 11 A) (SW 12 A) Explain how ethical considerations shape scientific endeavors. (SW 11 B) Lakewood City Schools Science Course of Study Eleventh Grade Explain how all matter tends toward more disorganized states and describe real world examples (e.g., erosion of rocks, expansion of the universe). (PS 12 ) Recognize that at low temperatures some materials become superconducting and offer little or no resistance to the flow of electrons. (PS 12 4) Forces & Motion Recognize that nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces, and electromagnetic forces are vastly stronger than gravitational forces. The strength of the nuclear forces explains why greater amounts of energy are released from nuclear reactions (e.g., from atomic and hydrogen bombs and in the Sun and other stars). (PS 12 7) Nature of Energy Explain the characteristics of isotopes. The nucleus of radioactive isotopes is unstable and spontaneously decays emitting particles and/or wavelike radiation. It cannot be predicted exactly when, if ever, an unstable nucleus will decay, but a large group of identical nuclei decay at a predictable rate. (PS 12 10) Use the predictability of decay rates and the concept of half life to explain how radioactive substances can be used in estimating the age of materials. (PS 12 11) Describe how different atomic energy levels are associated with the electron configurations of atoms and electron configurations (and/or conformations) of molecules. (PS 12 12) Explain how atoms and molecules can gain or lose energy in particular discrete amounts (quanta or packets); therefore they can only absorb or emit light at the wavelengths corresponding to these amounts. (PS 12 1) heat of reaction thermochemical equations and stoichiometry Hess s Law heat of reaction from heat of formation reaction energy diagrams for endothermic and exothermic reactions Resources General Chemistry textbook chapters 5 and 6 World of Chemistry Video # 5 Matter of State Lab: Gas Laws with computer Lab: MW of butane Lab: Hess s Law Lab: Limiting Reactant by Heat of Reaction Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single

8 system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) Doing Scientific Inquiry Formulate testable hypotheses. Develop and explain the appropriate procedures, controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation. (SI 11 1) (SI 12 1) Evaluate assumptions that have been used in reaching scientific conclusions. (SI 11 2) Design and carry out scientific inquiry (investigation), communicate and critique results through peer review. (SI 11 ) Explain why the methods of an investigation are based on the questions being asked. (SI 11 4) Summarize data and construct a reasonable argument based on those data and other known information. (SI 11 5) Derive simple mathematical relationships that have predictive power from experimental data (e.g., derive an equation from a graph and vice versa, determine whether a linear or exponential relationship exists among the data in a table). (SI 12 2) Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations (e.g., OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI 12 ) Create and clarify the method, procedures, controls and variables in complex scientific investigations. (SI 12 4) Use appropriate summary statistics to analyze and describe data. (SI 12 5) Nature of Science Analyze a set of data to derive a hypothesis and apply that hypothesis to a similar phenomenon (e.g., biome data). (SW 11 1) (SW 12 1) Evaluate scientific investigations by reviewing current scientific knowledge and the experimental procedures used, examining the

9 evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. (SW 12 2) Select a scientific model, concept or theory and explain how it has been revised over time based on new knowledge, perceptions or technology. (SW 12 ) Analyze a set of data to derive a principle and then apply that principle to a similar phenomenon (e.g., predator/prey relationships, properties of semiconductors). (SW 12 4) Apply scientific inquiry to evaluate results of scientific investigations, observations, theoretical models and the explanations proposed by other scientists. (SW 11 2) Demonstrate that scientific explanations adhere to established criteria, for example a proposed explanation must be logically consistent, it must abide by the rules of evidence and it must be open to questions and modifications. (SW 11 ) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) Scientific Theories Explain how theories are judged by how well they fit with other theories, the range of included observations, how well they explain observations and how effective they are in predicting new findings. (SW 11 7)

10 NAME OF COURSE: CHEMISTRY, A.P. UNIT: ELECTRONS, BONDING, STATES OF MATTER AND SOLUTIONS Physical Sciences Standard (PS) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives Explain how variations in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules form the basis of a variety of biological, chemical and physical phenomena. (PS 11 A) (PS 12 A) Recognize that some atomic nuclei are unstable and will spontaneously break down.(ps 11 B) (PS 12 B) Describe how atoms and molecules can gain or lose energy only in discrete amounts. (PS 11 C) (PS 12 C) Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are limited by the context in which they are conceived; are often initially rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different investigators (e.g., nuclear energy, quantum theory, theory of relativity). (PS 12 14) Describe concepts/ideas in physical sciences that have important, long lasting effects on science and society (e.g., quantum theory, theory of relativity, age of the universe). (PS 12 15) Nature of Matter Explain that humans have used unique bonding of carbon atoms to make a variety of molecules (e.g., plastics). (PS 11 2) Explain how atoms join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating crystal patterns. (PS 12 1) Describe how a physical, chemical or ecological system in equilibrium may return to the same state of equilibrium if the disturbances it experiences are small. Large disturbances may cause it to escape that equilibrium and eventually settle into some other state of equilibrium. (PS 12 2) Students will understand and be able to use, to do, or to measure: wave mechanics atomic structure models of the atom quantum mechanics electron configurations orbital designations quantum numbers magnetism periodic table description of the elements electronegativity atomic and ionic radii ionization energy electron affinity Lewis Dot drawings cis trans isomers lattice energy chemical bonds; covalent, ionic, metallic

11 ideas within the study of physical sciences. (PS11 E) (PS 12 E) Make appropriate choices when designing and participating in scientific investigations by using cognitive and manipulative skills when collecting data and formulating conclusions from the data. (SI 11 A) (SI 12 A) Describe how atoms and molecules can gain or lose energy only in discrete amounts. (PS 11 C Explain how scientific evidence is used to develop and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (SW 11 A) (SW 12 A) Explain how ethical considerations shape scientific endeavors. (SW 11 B) Explain how all matter tends toward more disorganized states and describe real world examples (e.g., erosion of rocks, expansion of the universe). (PS 12 ) Recognize that at low temperatures some materials become superconducting and offer little or no resistance to the flow of electrons. (PS 12 4) Forces & Motion Recognize that nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces, and electromagnetic forces are vastly stronger than gravitational forces. The strength of the nuclear forces explains why greater amounts of energy are released from nuclear reactions (e.g., from atomic and hydrogen bombs and in the Sun and other stars). (PS 12 7) Doing Scientific Inquiry Formulate testable hypotheses. Develop and explain the appropriate procedures, controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation. (SI 11 1) (SI 12 1) Evaluate assumptions that have been used in reaching scientific conclusions. (SI 11 2) Design and carry out scientific inquiry (investigation), communicate and critique results through peer review. (SI 11 ) Explain why the methods of an investigation are based on the questions being asked. (SI 11 4) Summarize data and construct a reasonable argument based on those data and other known information. (SI 11 5) Derive simple mathematical relationships that have predictive power from experimental data (e.g., derive an equation from a graph and vice versa, determine whether a linear or exponential relationship exists among the data in a table). (SI 12 2) bond energy VSEPR theory hybrid orbitals sigma and pi bonds polarity, dipole moment, dipoles separation techniques like chromatography solid, liquids, gases vapor pressure intermolecular forces phase changes heat of fusion and vaporization phase change diagrams Clausius Clapeyron Equation unit cells solution terminology dynamic equilibrium and solubility saturation and supersaturation hydration and salvation factors affecting Henry s Law Raoult s Law colligative properties vapor pressure freezing & boiling point osmosis molarity, mole fraction, molality and converting between

12 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations (e.g., OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI 12 ) Create and clarify the method, procedures, controls and variables in complex scientific investigations. (SI 12 4) Use appropriate summary statistics to analyze and describe data. (SI 12 5) Nature of Science Analyze a set of data to derive a hypothesis and apply that hypothesis to a similar phenomenon (e.g., biome data). (SW 11 1) (SW 12 1) Evaluate scientific investigations by reviewing current scientific knowledge and the experimental procedures used, examining the evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. (SW 12 2) Select a scientific model, concept or theory and explain how it has been revised over time based on new knowledge, perceptions or technology. (SW 12 ) Analyze a set of data to derive a principle and then apply that principle to a similar phenomenon (e.g., predator/prey relationships, properties of semiconductors). (SW 12 4) Apply scientific inquiry to evaluate results of scientific investigations, observations, theoretical models and the explanations proposed by other scientists. (SW 11 2) Demonstrate that scientific explanations adhere to established criteria, for example a proposed explanation must be logically consistent, it must abide by the rules of evidence and it must be open to questions and modifications. (SW 11 ) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) Scientific Theories Resources General Chemistry textbook chapters 7 12 Orbital Demos Molecular Models Lab Internet program with H orbitals Lab: Spectroscopy of CoCl2 Lab: Molar Mass from Freezing Point Depression Phase Diagram Worksheet Water Video (#12 World of Chem.) Flame Test Demonstration Line Spectrum Demonstration World of Chemistry Video (#4 Modeling the Unseen) The Atom Video (#6 World of Chem.) The Periodic Table Video (#7 World of Chem.) Molecular Architecture Video (#9 World of Chem.) Signals from Within Video (#10 world of Chem.) Internet site for chemical orbitals Demo: hard (wood) orbitals Quantum Universe Video Buckey Ball Video Note: due to time constraints, many videos

13 Explain how theories are judged by how well they fit with other theories, the range of included observations, how well they explain observations and how effective they are in predicting new findings. (SW 11 7) may be postponed until after the AP Exam Nature of Energy Explain the characteristics of isotopes. The nucleus of radioactive isotopes is unstable and spontaneously decays emitting particles and/or wavelike radiation. It cannot be predicted exactly when, if ever, an unstable nucleus will decay, but a large group of identical nuclei decay at a predictable rate. (PS 12 10) Use the predictability of decay rates and the concept of half life to explain how radioactive substances can be used in estimating the age of materials. (PS 12 11) Describe how different atomic energy levels are associated with the electron configurations of atoms and electron configurations (and/or conformations) of molecules. (PS 12 12) Explain how atoms and molecules can gain or lose energy in particular discrete amounts (quanta or packets); therefore they can only absorb or emit light at the wavelengths corresponding to these amounts. (PS 12 1) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4)

14 NAME OF COURSE: CHEMISTRY, A.P. UNIT: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIA Physical Sciences Standard (PS) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives Explain how variations in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules form the basis of a variety of biological, chemical and physical phenomena. (PS 11 A) Make appropriate choices when designing and participating in scientific investigations by using cognitive and manipulative skills when collecting data and formulating Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are limited by the context in which they are conceived; are often initially rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different investigators (e.g., nuclear energy, quantum theory, theory of relativity). (PS 12 14) Describe concepts/ideas in physical sciences that have important, long lasting effects on science and society (e.g., quantum theory, theory of relativity, age of the universe). (PS 12 15) Nature of Matter Describe how a physical, chemical or ecological system in equilibrium may return to the same state of equilibrium if the disturbances it experiences are small. Large disturbances may cause it to escape that equilibrium and eventually settle into some other state of equilibrium. (PS 12 2) Explain how all matter tends toward more disorganized states and describe real world examples (e.g., erosion of rocks, expansion of the universe). (PS 12 ) Students will understand and be able to use, to do, or to measure: reaction rates rate law half life collision theory reaction diagram Arrhenius equation catalysts reaction mechanisms chemical equilibria equilibrium constant calculating the equilibrium constant Calculating concentration from the equilibrium constant LeChatelier s principle ph and solubility acids/bases ph hotel Ka from ph

15 11 12 Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives conclusions from the data. (SI 11 A) Explain how scientific evidence is used to develop and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (SW 11 A) Explain how ethical considerations shape scientific endeavors. (SW 11 B) Doing Scientific Inquiry Formulate testable hypotheses. Develop and explain the appropriate procedures, controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation. (SI 11 1) (SI 12 1) Evaluate assumptions that have been used in reaching scientific conclusions. (SI 11 2) Design and carry out scientific inquiry (investigation), communicate and critique results through peer review. (SI 11 ) Explain why the methods of an investigation are based on the questions being asked. (SI 11 4) Summarize data and construct a reasonable argument based on those data and other known information. (SI 11 5) Derive simple mathematical relationships that have predictive power from experimental data (e.g., derive an equation from a graph and vice versa, determine whether a linear or exponential relationship exists among the data in a table). (SI 12 2) Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations (e.g., OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI 12 ) Create and clarify the method, procedures, controls and variables in complex scientific investigations. (SI 12 4) Use appropriate summary statistics to analyze and describe Nature of Science Analyze a set of data to derive a hypothesis and apply that hypothesis to a similar phenomenon (e.g., biome data). (SW 11 1) (SW 12 1) Evaluate scientific investigations by reviewing current scientific knowledge and the experimental procedures used, examining the H concentration from Ka monoprotic acids polyprotic acids Kb hydrolysis common ion effect buffers titration curves solubility solubility product constant Resources General Chemistry textbook chapters 1 17 Gravimetric Lab Titration Lab Ksp of Ca(OH)2 Lab Spec 20 Equilibrium Constant Lab Iodine Clock Lab Honors Project Lab: Titration Curves, computer assisted World of Chemistry Video (#1 Driving Forces) World of Chemistry Video (#14

16 11 12 Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. (SW 12 2) Select a scientific model, concept or theory and explain how it has been revised over time based on new knowledge, perceptions or technology. (SW 12 ) Analyze a set of data to derive a principle and then apply that principle to a similar phenomenon (e.g., predator/prey relationships, properties of semiconductors). (SW 12 4) Apply scientific inquiry to evaluate results of scientific investigations, observations, theoretical models and the explanations proposed by other scientists. (SW 11 2) Demonstrate that scientific explanations adhere to established criteria, for example a proposed explanation must be logically consistent, it must abide by the rules of evidence and it must be open to questions and modifications. (SW 11 ) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) Molecules in Action) World of Chemistry Video (#, Measurement) World of Chemistry Video (#16 The Proton in Chemistry) ph Hotel ph Worksheets

17 NAME OF COURSE: CHEMISTRY, A.P. UNIT: THERMODYNAMICS, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & MISCELLANEOUS Physical Sciences Standard (PS) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives Explain how variations in the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules form the basis of a variety of biological, chemical and physical phenomena. (PS 11 A) Make appropriate choices when designing and participating in scientific investigations by using cognitive and manipulative skills when collecting data and formulating Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are limited by the context in which they are conceived; are often initially rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different investigators (e.g., nuclear energy, quantum theory, theory of relativity). (PS 12 14) Describe concepts/ideas in physical sciences that have important, long lasting effects on science and society (e.g., quantum theory, theory of relativity, age of the universe). (PS 12 15) Nature of Matter Describe how a physical, chemical or ecological system in equilibrium may return to the same state of equilibrium if the disturbances it experiences are small. Large disturbances may cause it to escape that equilibrium and eventually settle into some other state of equilibrium. (PS 12 2) Explain how all matter tends toward more disorganized states and describe real world examples (e.g., erosion of rocks, expansion of the universe). (PS 12 ) Students will be able to use, know, do, use or measure: internal energy state function enthalpy and change in enthalpy entropy spontaneity Gibbs free energy the driving forces relationship between free energy change to equilibrium constants and voltage oxidation number oxidation and reduction the role of the electron in redox balancing redox equations in acid or base electrolytic and voltaic cells Faraday s law standard half cell voltage

18 11 12 Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives conclusions from the data. (SI 11 A) Explain how scientific evidence is used to develop and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (SW 11 A) Explain how ethical considerations shape scientific endeavors. (SW 11 B) Doing Scientific Inquiry Formulate testable hypotheses. Develop and explain the appropriate procedures, controls and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation. (SI 11 1) (SI 12 1) Evaluate assumptions that have been used in reaching scientific conclusions. (SI 11 2) Design and carry out scientific inquiry (investigation), communicate and critique results through peer review. (SI 11 ) Explain why the methods of an investigation are based on the questions being asked. (SI 11 4) Summarize data and construct a reasonable argument based on those data and other known information. (SI 11 5) Derive simple mathematical relationships that have predictive power from experimental data (e.g., derive an equation from a graph and vice versa, determine whether a linear or exponential relationship exists among the data in a table). (SI 12 2) Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations (e.g., OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI 12 ) Create and clarify the method, procedures, controls and variables in complex scientific investigations. (SI 12 4) Use appropriate summary statistics to analyze and describe Nature of Science Analyze a set of data to derive a hypothesis and apply that hypothesis to a similar phenomenon (e.g., biome data). (SW 11 1) (SW 12 1) Evaluate scientific investigations by reviewing current scientific knowledge and the experimental procedures used, examining the Nernst equation predicting spontaneity by voltage calculating stoichiometric quantities in an electrolytic cell corrosion and sacrificial electrode concept nuclear equations half life and decay constants radioactive dating alpha, beta and other particles nuclear power nuclear weapons saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons functional groups basic reactions of organic compounds Teacher Resources General Chemistry textbook, Ch. 18,, 19, 20, 24. Lab: Prep. & Properties of a buffer. Lab: Electrochemical Series Lab: Molecular Models Lab: Qualitative Analysis World of Chemistry Video

19 11 12 Benchmarks Grade Level Indicators Instructional Objectives evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. (SW 12 2) Select a scientific model, concept or theory and explain how it has been revised over time based on new knowledge, perceptions or technology. (SW 12 ) Analyze a set of data to derive a principle and then apply that principle to a similar phenomenon (e.g., predator/prey relationships, properties of semiconductors). (SW 12 4) Apply scientific inquiry to evaluate results of scientific investigations, observations, theoretical models and the explanations proposed by other scientists. (SW 11 2) Demonstrate that scientific explanations adhere to established criteria, for example a proposed explanation must be logically consistent, it must abide by the rules of evidence and it must be open to questions and modifications. (SW 11 ) Explain why scientists can assume that the universe is a vast single system in which the basic rules are the same everywhere. (SW 11 4) (# 15 The Busy electron) World of Chemistry Video (#9 Molecular Architecture) World of Chemistry Video (#21 Carbon) World of Chemistry Video (#22 Polymers) Multiple Choice Practice Problems book for the AP Chemistry Exam Previous AP Exams