Chemistry 222. Exam 1: Chapters 1-4
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1 Chtry Fall 05 Ea : Chaptr -4 Na 80 Pot Coplt two () of probl -3 a four (4) of probl 4-8. CLEARLY ark th probl you o ot wat gra. Show your work to rcv crt for probl rqurg ath. Rport your awr wth th approprat ubr of gfcat fgur a wth th approprat ut. Do two of probl -3. Clarly ark th probl you o ot wat gra. (0 pt ach). A tattcal aaly a tal copot th valuato of prtal rult. I our cuo of tattc, I tat vral t that tattc oly tll u about th prco of a aurt, ot th accuracy. Why th o? If th tru, how ca w u th cofc trval to prct how clo our rult ar to a tru or accpt valu? Wh w rfr to qualty of rult, w ar typcally corg th accuracy a prco of a valu. I tr of prco, tattc ar a uful tool to valuat how rproucbl our ata ar, wth a taar vato rvg a a tat of th cattr of th ata. Th challg co th fact that w typcally hav a vry all ata t a ar forc to rly o that all t to approat th taar vato. Th cofc trval alo allow u to ak o frc about th accuracy of a tho by takg th fact that w hav a all ata t to accout; aug oly rao rror ar pactg our aurt. Thrfor, w ut rly o goo prtal g to rov ytatc rror to ak a valuato ug th cofc trval raoabl.. I proucg a calbrato curv, raw ata typcally ubjct to a lar lat quar aaly. Dct th phra lar lat quar a crb qualtatvly what o a lar lat quar aaly. Why lar? Lat quar of what? No calculato ar cary. Th goal of a lar lat quar aaly to tr th lar rlatohp (y = +b) that bt crb th tr a ata t. I th aaly, bt a that th calculat valu for lop () a trcpt (b) crb a l whr th u of th quar of th rual (th ffrc btw th actual y-valu a tho prct by th l) z. Th accoplh by ttg th partal rvatv of th rual calculato wth rpct to th lop a trcpt to zro a olvg for a b. A ky aupto th aaly that th -valu ar kow to a hgh gr of prco, whl th y-valu hol th ot ucrtaty.
2 3. W t to gor th cotrbuto of buoyacy vrtually all of th a aurt w ak th laboratory. How ca w gt away wth th? Itfy o tuato whr w woul b uabl to gor buoyacy-trouc rror. Th buoyacy corrcto accout for th varyg volu of ar plac wh a apl wgh copar to th volu plac wh th balac wa calbrat wth calbrato wght. Wh th ty of th apl bg wgh lar to th ty of th balac wght (8 g/ol), th rror u to buoyacy al (rbr th plot w cu cla). I gral buoyacy rror ar al bcau w hav b wghg ol apl a bcau w o our crtcal wghg by ffrc. If w wr to wgh apl of vry low ty (lk watr or orgac olvt or pcally ga), w houl accout for buoyacy rror. Do four of probl 4-8. Clarly ark th probl you o ot wat gra. (5 pt ach) 4. Th copoto of a apl cotag a ukow aout of ou carboat cobato wth a rt atral wa tr by olvg th apl 0.0 L of watr a ttratg th rultg oluto wth taarz trc ac oluto. Ug th forato blow, tr th prct by a of ou carboat th orgal apl, wth t abolut ucrtaty. You ay au that th cotrbuto of olar a to th ovrall ucrtaty glgbl. Coctrato of trc ac taar M Ma of carboat-cotag apl g Ital burt rag L Fal burt rag L Ucrtaty th volu lvr by th burt: ( L) - ( L) = 8.46 L = [(0.05) + (0.05) ] / = L Coctrato calculato: (DON T FORGET THE STOICHIOMETRY!) ol HNO L ol Na CO 3 L = ? ol L ol HNO L ? ol Na CO g Na CO 3 00%= % ol Na CO g apl % M = 0.30 = 0. % o th prct ou carboat % 0.30 %
3 5. You to prpar a L of oluto that 00.0 pp calcu. Clarly crb how you woul prpar th oluto tartg fro th pot blow. Iclu th quatt of ach tartg atral that you woul a. tartg wth ol calcu trat b. tartg wth a 0.00 M calcu trat oluto a. Rbr, calcu trat Ca(NO 3 ) (FW = g/ol) 00 g Ca + ol Ca + ol Ca(NO 3 ) g Ca(NO 3 ) L =04.7 g Ca(NO 3 ) L g ol Ca + ol Ca(NO 3 ) So, olv g Ca(NO 3 ) a all aout of watr a 500 L volutrc flak, wll, lut to th ark a wll aga. b. Sc ach ol of Ca(NO 3 ) that ocat lbrat ol of Ca +, a 0.00 M Ca(NO 3 ) oluto alo 0.00 M Ca + 00 g Ca + ol Ca L L =.5 L L g 0.00 ol Ca + So, lut.5 L of 0.00 M CaCl oluto a all aout of watr a 500 L volutrc flak, wll, lut to th ark a wll aga. Th.5 L coul b lvr by ppt or burt. 6. You hav ru a r of ttrato to tr th ukow coctrato of KHP a ol apl. Th rult of ttrato cat KHP coctrato of 36.4%, 35.69%, 30.5%, 35.55%, 36.07%, 35.98%. Th "tru" valu for KHP th apl 36.9%. Evaluat th ata a tr f your rult ffr fro th tru valu at th 95% cofc lvl. Lookg at th ata, t appar that th valu 30.5% a outlr o try a Q-tt or a G-Tt: Q calc = = 0.90 G calc = = Q tabl = 0.56 < Q calc, a G tabl =.8 < G calc o th ata pot houl b rjct. Ba o th rag ata, th a for th ata t % wth a taar vato of 0. 5 %. Do a t-tt: tcalculat t tabl for 4 gr of fro.776, c t calc >t tabl, th rult o ffr gfcatly. (NOTE: f you o ot o th Q-tt, th taar vato larg ough that look lk th rult o ot ffr. Alway look at th ata!) Altratvly, you coul hav calculat th rag tr by th cofc lt a how that 36.9% l out th rag. Th 95% CI 35.9 ± 0.3 % 3
4 7. Obtag a accurat a for ol apl ca ak or brak a aaly. Gv your w job a a tachg atat Quattatv aaly lab, crb how you woul tach a w Quat. tut th propr tho to hal ol apl urg a aaly orr to obta th bt quattatv rult. Your cuo houl clu th followg: Dryg ol apl to cotat a (what o cotat a a? How o you kow apl ar ry?) Makg a aurt by wghg by ffrc (how?) Avo apl lo urg wghg Hal wghg bottl ug lt-fr a ol-fr atral Cool ol apl bfor wghg Clo balac oor bfor wghg Stor apl ccator 8. Ntrt (NO - ) wa aur rawatr a uchlorat rkg watr ug rplcat aurt of a gl apl by a tablh pctrophototrc tho. Ba o th rult blow, o rkg watr apl cota gfcatly or trt tha rawatr apl (at th 95% cofc lvl)? Rplcat a t. v. Rawatr (ppb) Drkg Watr (ppb) Th a coparo of two tho, ug vral ru of a gl apl to tablh th ucrtaty o ach tho. Sc w hav two a a taar vato, u pool to prfor a t-tt. Chck th taar vato wth a F-tt frt: F 7.76 calculat Sc F calculat l tha F tabl (6.39), our oral quato wll b f. pool t calculat t tabl for (5+5-) = 8 gr of fro.306 Sc t calculat > t tabl, th rult ar gfcatly ffrt 4
5 5 Pobly Uful Iforato ' a w a Dty of ar = 0.0 g/l Dty of balac wght = 8.0 g/l t ) ( y B A C B A C B A C kow valu t calculat pool calculat t pool t calculat y y) (y k y D y D y b y LOD = y blak + 3 calculat F rag gap Q calculat valu upct G calculat
6 Valu of Stut t Cofc Lvl (%) Dgr of Fro Valu of Q for rjcto of ata # of Obrvato Q (90% Cofc) Grubb Tt for Outlr # of G crtcal Obrvato At 95% cofc Crtcal Valu of F at th 95% Cofc Lvl Dgr of fro for Dgr of fro for
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