Consideration of Non-radioactive Harmful Substances
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1 Consideration of Non-radioactive Harmful Substances Dr. Petra Steinbach, Matthias Bothe Verein für Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.v. PF , Dresden, Germany
2 harmful substances inorganic: metals Cd Cr Hg Pb asbestos rare substances B Be
3 harmful substances organic: mineral oil hydrocarbons polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
4 Introduction Atomic safety, radiation protection Ministry of the environment (Saxony) radiation protection at deconstruction monitoring, analysis of radionuclides for controlling Environmental law law Environmental Agency, Regional Commission environmental protection at deconstruction chemical analysis of harmful substances, also in materials with minor radioactivity Laboratory for Environmental and Radionuclide Analyses of VKTA is accredited according to DIN EN ISO/IEC for radionuclide and conventional analysis
5 Procedure environmental investigation parallel to radiological surveys historical research environmental investigation buildings before deconstruction underground structures during deconstruction sampling parallel at deconstruction measurements for clearance (radiation protection) chemical characterisation of demolition rubble, soil (environmental protection) chemical analysis of different matrices estimation of analytical results in comparison with limit values to make a decision for waste management
6 Procedure Environmental requirements taking into account of radiation protection materials with minor radioactivity: clearance of materials in accordance with 29 Radiation Protection Ordinance (limit values of clearance) unrestricted clearance material can can be be recycled restricted clearance removal (controlled landfill, landfill, combustion) the the way way is is restricted, fixed fixed and and allowed by by authorithies remarks for occupational health and safety
7 Analysis methods: appropriate sample preparation for different materials; validation (chemical digestion, elution, extraction) determination of inorganic parameters, heavy metals in solids and eluats ICP-MS ph, electric conductivity anions IC, FIA determination of organic compounds, PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) according EPA HPLC hydrocarbon index GC phenol index tensides FIA
8 Analysis HPLC ICP-MS
9 PAH Importance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) product of incompletely combustion of oil, coal, gas tar coating of buildings to protect against water old tar coatings: highly contaminated with PAH
10 PAH characteristics toxic, carcinogenic because of aromatical structure minimal 2, maximal 7 rings of benzene persistent limit values: drinking water 0,2 µg/l (Σ PAH) ground water 0,2 µg/l (Σ PAH) soil 3 mg/kg (Σ PAH) demolition rubble 1 mg/kg (Z0) up to 15 mg/kg (Z2 for utilization) (Σ PAH) dangerous waste 1000 mg/kg (Σ PAH)
11 Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons part 1 HPLC chromatogram of 16 EPA-PAH
12 Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, part 2 HPLC chromatogram of 16 EPA-PAH
13 tube system for radioactive waste water history history years years in in use use acids, acids, bases, bases, organic organic solvents, poisons, radionuclides tubes, tubes, inspection points, points, waste waste water water tank tank leakages harmful substances also also in in building materials removal of of old old tubes tubes with with leakages: soil, soil, several several types types of of tubes tubes
14 tube system for radioactive waste water results results for for tubes tubes and and soil: soil: harmful harmful substances from from operation Hg Hg in in soil soil only only punctiform advantageous hydrological circumstances, no no radionuclides possible use use for for backfill backfill results results for for buildings: harmful harmful substances in in old old building materials waste waste water water tank, tank, ca. ca m 3 3 with with protective coating coating outside outside contamination PAH PAH(Σ(Σ EPA-PAH mg/kg), mobile, eluate eluate above above inspection value value for for ground ground water water removal of of protective coating, dangerous waste waste
15 tanks for liquid radioactive waste history history years years in in use use water water with with acids, acids, bases, bases, organic organic solvents, poisons,, radionuclides harmful substances in in building materials? analysis: drilling drilling cores cores of of walls walls several materials
16 tanks for liquid radioactive waste
17 tanks for liquid radioactive waste
18 tanks for liquid radioactive waste results: results: harmful harmful substances in old in old building materials contamination: PAH PAH(Σ(Σ EPA-PAH mg/kg) mg/kg) dangerous waste waste (> (> mg/kg) mg/kg) mobile mobile PAH PAH µg/l µg/l in in eluate eluate above above inspection value value (0,2 (0,2 µg/l) µg/l) serious danger danger for for ground ground water water removal of of the the buildings
19 tanks for liquid radioactive waste
20 Thank you for attention!
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