3/1/2017. Chapter 5. Nomenclature. Naming Compounds. Metal nonmetal. Section 5.1. Binary Compounds: Composed of two elements. Binary Ionic Compounds
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1 Chapter 5 Nomenclature Section 5.1 Naming Compounds Binary Compounds: Composed of two elements Binary Ionic Compounds Metal nonmetal Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 1
2 Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) Binary ionic compounds contain positive cations and negative anions. Type I compounds Metal present forms only one cation. 3 Common Simple Cations and Anions 4 2
3 Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element. 3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding ide. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 5 Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) Examples: KCl Potassium chloride MgBr 2 Magnesium bromide CaO Calcium oxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 6 3
4 Exercise What is the name of the compound SrBr 2? a) strontium bromine b) sulfur bromide c) strontium dibromide d) strontium bromide 7 Section 5.1 Naming Compounds Binary Compounds: Composed of two elements Binary Ionic Compounds Metal(VOS) nonmetal 8 4
5 Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) Metals in these compounds can form more than one type of positive charge. Charge on the metal ion must be specified. Roman numeral indicates the charge of the metal cation. Transition metal cations usually require a Roman numeral. 9 Common Type II Cations 10 5
6 Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 11 Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) Examples: CuBr FeS PbO 2 Copper(I) bromide Iron(II) sulfide Lead(IV) oxide 12 6
7 Exercise What is the name of the compound CrO 2? a) chromium oxide b) chromium(ii) oxide c) chromium(iv) oxide d) chromium dioxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 13 Exercise What is the correct name of the compound that results from the most stable ion for sulfur and the metal ion that contains 24 electrons? a) iron(iii) sulfide b) chromium(ii) sulfide c) nickel(iii) sulfate d) iron(ii) sulfide 14 7
8 Section 5.1 Naming Compounds Binary Compounds: Composed of two elements Binary Compounds Nonmetal nonmetal 15 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds Formed between two nonmetals. 1. The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2. The second element is named as though it were an anion (-ide). 3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. 4. The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 16 8
9 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Prefixes Used to Indicate Numbers in Chemical Names 17 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III) Examples: CO 2 Carbon dioxide SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide 18 9
10 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Exercise What is the name of the compound SeO 2? a) selenium oxide b) selenium dioxide c) selenium(ii) oxide d) selenium(iv) dioxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 19 Section 5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds 20 10
11 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together. They have special names and must be memorized. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 21 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Names of Common Polyatomic Ions 22 11
12 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those for binary compounds. Ammonium acetate 23 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Examples NaOH Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 FePO 4 Sodium hydroxide Magnesium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Iron(III) phosphate Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 24 12
13 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise What is the name of the compound KClO 3? a) potassium chlorite b) potassium chlorate c) potassium perchlorate d) potassium carbonate 25 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise Examine the following table of formulas and names. Which of the compounds are named correctly? Formula Name a) I, II b) I, III, IV c) I, IV d) I only I P 2 O 5 Diphosphorus pentoxide II ClO 2 Chlorine oxide III PbI 4 Lead iodide IV CuSO 4 Copper(I) sulfate 26 13
14 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds 27 Acids Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula HCl. Molecule with one or more H + ions attached to an anion
15 Flowchart for 29 Rules for If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro and the suffix ic attached to the root name for the element. Examples: HCl HCN H 2 S Hydrochloric acid Hydrocyanic acid Hydrosulfuric acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 30 15
16 Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen 31 Flowchart for 32 16
17 Rules for If the anion contains oxygen : The suffix ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in ate. Examples: HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HC 2 H 3 O 2 Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Acetic acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 33 Rules for If the anion contains oxygen: The suffix ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in ite. Examples: HNO 2 H 2 SO 3 HClO 2 Nitrous acid Sulfurous acid Chlorous acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 34 17
18 Some Oxygen-Containing Acids Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 35 anion stemide stemite stemate acid name hydrostemic acid stemous acid stemic acid I ate something icky at the White House Flowchart for 18
19 Exercise Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly? a) KNO 3 potassium nitrate b) TiO 2 titanium(ii) oxide c) Sn(OH) 4 tin(iv) hydroxide d) PBr 5 phosphorus pentabromide e) H 2 SO 3 sulfurous acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 37 Examples Sodium hydroxide NaOH Potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 Dinitrogen pentoxide N 2 O 5 Cobalt(III) nitrate Co(NO 3 ) 3 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 38 19
20 Exercise A compound has the formula XCl 3 where X could represent a metal or nonmetal. What could the name of this compound be? a) phosphorus trichloride b) carbon monochloride c) tin(iv) chloride d) magnesium chloride Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 39 20
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