Nomenclature. A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds
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1 Nomenclature A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds
2 Nomenclature Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids
3 Ternary Ionic Compounds >2 elements cation with an anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Na 2 SO 4 sodium sulfate Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion NH 4 Cl ammonium chloride Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion NH 4 NO 3 ammonium nitrate
4 Some Common Polyatomic Anions nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO 3 ClO 3 CO 2 3 SO 2 4 PO 3 4
5 Some Common Polyatomic Anions nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate nitrate chlorate NO 3 carbonate ClO 3 CO 3 2 sulfate SO 4 2 phosphate PO 4 3 NO 3 ClO 3 CO 2 3 SO 2 4 PO 3 4
6 Some Common Polyatomic Anions nitrate NO 3 nitrite NO 2 chlorate ClO 3 chlorite ClO 2 carbonate CO 3 2 sulfate SO 4 2 sulfite SO 3 2 phosphate PO 4 3 phosphite PO 3 3 Notice that renaming ate to ite simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge
7 Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen nitrate NO 3 nitrite NO 2 chlorate ClO 3 chlorite ClO 2 carbonate CO 3 2 sulfate SO 4 2 sulfite SO 3 2 phosphate PO 4 3 phosphite PO 3 3 Notice that renaming ate to ite simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge
8 Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen nitrate nitrate chlorate chlorate carbonate carbonate sulfate phosphate phosphate NO NO 3 3 ClO 3 ClO 3 2 CO 2 3 SO 2 4 PO PO nitrite nitrite chlorite chlorite sulfite phosphite phosphite NO NO 2 2 ClO 2 ClO 2 SO 2 SO PO 3 PO 3 3 3
9 Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 more oxygen nitrate NO 3 nitrite NO 2 perchlorate ClO 4 chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate ClO 3 CO 3 2 SO 4 2 PO 4 3 chlorite sulfite phosphite ClO 2 SO 3 2 PO 3 3 hypochlorite ClO The halooxoanions of Br and I have identical naming schemes
10 Some Common Polyatomic Anions nitrate NO 3 nitrite NO 2 perchlorate periodate ClO IO perbromate BrO 4 4 chlorate iodate bromate IO BrO ClO 3 3 iodite bromite chlorite IO BrO ClO 2 2 hypoiodite hypobromite hypochlorite IO BrO ClO carbonate CO 2 3 sulfate SO 2 4 sulfite SO 2 3 phosphate PO 3 4 phosphite PO 3 3 The halooxoanions of Br and I have identical naming schemes
11 Ternary Ionic Compounds Examples Write the chemical formula of aluminum sulfate Aluminum sulfate Al 3+ SO 2 4 2(3+)?(3+) + 3(2)?(2) = 0 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
12 Ternary Ionic Compounds Examples Write the systematic name for Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (?+) (2+) + 2(1) = 0 Cu?+ 2+ NO 3 Copper is a transition element so use Stock convention for naming the metal ion: copper(ii) nitrate
13 Some Common Polyatomic Anions A Few Exceptions hydroxide cyanide azide carbide OH CN N 3 C 2 2 Despite being polyatomic anions, the rules of nomenclature for monoatomic ions apply.
14 Binary and Ternary Acids A binary acid is molecular compound which dissociates into hydrogen ion and a monoatomic anion in aqueous solution. A ternary acid is molecular compound which is a combination of hydrogen ion and a polyatomic anion.
15 Binary Acids Prefix the root name of the anion with hydro Transform the suffix of the anion from ide to ic Add the word acid HCl(g) EXAMPLES hydrogen Read the formula chloride carefully! HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid HI(g) HI(aq) hydrogen iodide hydroiodic acid
16 Binary Acids An Exception HCN(g) hydrogen cyanide HCN(aq) hydrocyanic Read the molecular acid name carefully Even though it is not a binary acid, the ide ending of the anion requires application of the binary acid rule.
17 Ternary Acids Transform the suffix of the anion from ate to ic Transform the suffix of the anion from ite to ous Add the word acid Never use the prefix hydro for ternary acids or EXAMPLES HNO 3 HNO 2 nitric acid nitrous acid
18 Ternary Acids The name does not include acid until the anion s ionic charge is completely balanced by hydrogen ion. Na 2 SO 4 EXAMPLE sodium sulfate NaHSO 4 H 2 SO 4 sodium hydrogen sulfate sulfuric acid
19 Review of Basic Nomenclature Binary Ionic Compounds CuCl 2 copper(ii) chloride barium oxide BaO Binary Molecular Compounds N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetraoxide sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 Ternary Ionic Compounds MnSO 4 manganese(ii) sulfate Acids aluminum nitrate Al(NO 3 ) 3 HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid perchloric acid HClO 4
» Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance.
» Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance.» Separated chemically not physically» No overall charge; they
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